CHEM101 Study Guide Test 1 2014-15

Chapter 1 - The Chemical World HW ?

 Define the term chemistry and identify substances as chemicals.
o Know definitions of chemistry and matter 7, 8
 Describe the activities that are part of the scientific method.
o Know definitions of hypothesis, observation, theory and law 4, 5
o Differentiate observations from theories from laws 1, 6
Law is an observable relationship between 2 values. Theory is an explanation to explain why the
relationship exists. Hypothesis is an explanation that is not yet supported by a lot of evidence.

Chapter 2 - Measurement and Problem Solving HW ?

 Write names and abbreviations for the metric or SI units used in the measurements of length, volume, 7
mass, temperature and time.
 Write a number in scientific notation. 1
o Convert a standard notation number into scientific notation
o Convert a scientific notation number into standard notation
 Identify an exact number versus a measured number. 5
Exact numbers have infinite significance because they are defined or counted relationships (metric
prefix definitions are an example of an exact number); exact numbers are not used when determining
how to round a calculation)
 Determine the number of significant figures in a measured number. 6
 Adjust calculated answers to give the correct number of significant figures. 2, 3,
o Add & Subtract measurements, then round off to proper # decimal places 10
o Multiply & Divide measurements, then round off to proper # sig figs
 Use conversion factors to change from one unit to another (dimensional analysis or factor-label method): 8, 9,
o Be able to write both unit factors from an equality (given in problem or from reference) 11, 12,
Example 1.00 in = 2.54 cm becomes or 15
o Be able to write both unit factors from a % factor (given in problem)
Example 14% protein by mass becomes or
o Be able to write both unit factors from a “x” per “y” factor (given in problem)
Example 35 miles per gallon becomes or
o Memorize Metric conversion factors (especially milli, centi, kilo, micro, nano)
o Convert a measurement from one metric unit to another
o Convert a measurement between British and metric units
 Calculate the density of a substance; use density to calculate mass or volume of a substance 13, 14,
o Calculate volume by dimensions [use appropriate geometric formula] 16
Example The volume of a cylinder that is 1 cm long and 1 cm in diameter =πr2l =π ( )2(1 cm)
o Calculate volume by water displacement [final water volume – initial water volume]
o Know
o Calculate density from mass and volume (may need to calculate volume first)
o Calculate volume from mass and density OR mass from density and volume (may need to calculate V
first)

Chapter 3 - Matter and Energy HW ?

 Describe some chemical and physical properties of matter 2, 3, 5
o Differentiate Element and Compound (Elements are on the periodic table; compounds have a fixed ratio
as noted by a chemical formula)
o Differentiate physical property and chemical property (A chemical change: one or more substances
making or breaking bonds and forming a new substance.)
 Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass 7
o Calculate the mass of a reactant used (or product made) by using law of conservation (Total mass of
reactants must equal total mass of all products)
 Describe solids, liquids, and gases at the level of bulk material and at the level of the particle. 1
 Identify a change in a substance as a chemical or physical change 6
 Classify matter as a pure substance or a mixture. 2, 4
o Differentiate Homogeneous Mixtures and Heterogeneous Mixtures
 Given a temperature, calculate a corresponding temperature in another scale 9, 10
o Temperature Conversions: and
 Describe different forms of energy and identify units of energy 8, 11
o Differentiate between potential and kinetic forms of energy
Kinetic energy is energy of motion AND in chemistry is measured by temperature; potential energy is
stored energy AND, in chemistry , potential energy changes are associated with bonding and state
changes. When particles are farther apart (unbonded or gas state) they have the most potential energy.
o Recognize an energy measurement by its units (Joules, J, kJ, cal, kcal)
o Know the law of conservation of energy [E not created nor destroyed]
 Know what it means for a change to be exothermic or endothermic
o Endothermic means energy is absorbed during the change; exothermic means energy is released
 Use specific heat to calculate heat loss or gain, temperature change, or mass of a sample. 12, 13,
o Know Δ (delta) refers to a change in a property [find by subtracting value before from value after] 14
o Calculate heat absorbed (q) when a sample changes temp but not state (q=mass * specific heat *T)
o Calculate mass or specific heat of a sample from heat absorbed/released (q) and temp change (Δt)
(rearrange q=mass * specific heat *T)

Chapter 4 - Atoms and Elements HW ?

 Given the name of an element, write its correct symbol; from the symbol, write the correct name. 4
o Know (memorize) element chemical names for symbols: H, He, Li, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S,
Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Kr, Sr, Ag, Sn, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Rn, Fr
 Use the periodic table to identify the group and the period of an element and decide whether it is a 5, 6, 7
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid
o Know the special names for Groups 1, 2, 17, 18
 Describe the electrical charge and location in an atom of a proton, a neutron, and an electron. 3
o Understand the nature of electrical charges [opposites attract, likes repel, strength  size of charge]
o Define atom [single unit of an element unit; neutrally charged] and ion [charged atom]
o Know the names, mass, charge, & location of EACH of the 3 subatomic particles [e-, p+, n0]
 Given the atomic number and mass number of an atom or ion, state the number of protons, neutrons, 11, 12
and electrons.
o Know definition of atomic number and how to find it from periodic table
o Know definition of mass number and how to find it from an isotope symbol
 Give the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the isotopes of an element or ion 8, 9
o Know definition of isotope and be able to find an isotope of an atom
o Determine the number of e-, p+, and n0 from an isotope symbol
o Write an isotope symbol from the number of e-, p+, n0 or equivalent information
 Explain how atomic masses were defined and the standard by which atomic masses are presently 10
defined.
o Differentiate atomic mass of a single atom from average atomic mass and recognize that no individual
atom has a mass of the average atomic mass
o Calculate average atomic mass from isotope mass and natural abundance
 Understand Dalton’s atomic hypothesis and the relevance of early experiments 1, 2
o Know the history and description of atom models (Dalton; Thompson; Rutherford)