INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES

SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

SPECIAL EDITIONS 128

DUŠAN T. BATAKOVIĆ

THE FOREIGN POLICY

OF SERBIA (1844–1867)
ILIJA GARAŠANIN’S
NAČERTANIJE

BELGRADE
2014
 Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
“Načertanije”: a political programme as a source of ideological discord? . . 7
The interdependence of versions and revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Shifting identities and nation-building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

“Načertanije”: the Historical Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Serb-inhabited Bosnia: diversified religious traditions and ethnic structure 26
Under Ottoman domination: Pax Ottomanica vs. Christian rebellions . . 30
The Kosovo Covenant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Wars, Rebellions, Resettlements: seventeenth and eighteenth centuries . . 44
The Serbian Revolution of 1804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
The impact on Bosnia, Bulgaria and Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Serbian national ideology: ambitious pan-Serbian plans . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
The restoration of Serbia: medieval inspiration, modern demands . . . . . 62

The Roots of Serbian Russophilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Serbia under Prince Miloš Obrenović: Consolidation vs.
Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Serbian question and the Congress of Vienna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Miloš Obrenović as a Serbian-type grand vizier: autocrat and diplomat . . 83
Foreign policy goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Internal problems and foreign support: Great Britain vs. imperial Russia . 95

Serbia, the Great Powers and the Polish Emigration . . . . 107

National policy of Prince Michael Obrenović and the Russian
support (1839–1842) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Serbia and the Polish emigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Vučić Rebellion and the first Polish representative in Belgrade (1842) . . . 118
Advice on Conduct to be followed by Serbia (1843): Prince Czartoryski’s
Conseils sur la conduite à suivre par la Serbie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
A permanent mission: František Zach goes to Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Conceiving “Načertanije”: Zach and Garašanin 1844 . . . . . 135
Chapter on Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
“Načertanije” in Action (1844–1867): Foreign Policy
under Garašanin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Internal strife and foreign policy (1844–1848) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Serbia and the revolutionary turmoil (1848–1849) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Serbia and the French Balkan policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Garašanin’s anti-Austrian and pro-Balkan policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
“Načertanije” and its Aftermath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Misconceptions and misinterpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Documents
Conseils sur la conduite à suivre par la Serbie . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Zach’s Report 1843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Zach’s Serbia’s Slavic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
The Načertanije: “The Programme of Serbian Foreign
and National Policy at the End of 1844” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
A Few Words about Russo-Austrian Intrigues in Early 1845
The composition Garašanin submitted to Prince Alexander in 1845 . . . . . . . 261
The Programme of Yugoslav Policy proposed to Strossmayer
by Ilija Garašanin in (March) 1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Načertanije: Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303