9 Neuroscience of Technology Diotich Stout Abstract Alton hewi tugeonin ee fl, hee iain tat i be Fraps nec a sol hs osc kc tine incase enantio. Teno Sat nlc oman ion aken cared ly o han se tata ner th we or nate fest) dns sms onaed Ite scr) sly poe. Tese racers my beet Thaesnd wih oe to pene ear ee Fore cr ‘onde sngess toh fe wth my fet etal eet of ‘aie Introduction Inthe extended sale deep by Mesut (200), neroscene i Atserbed she "lealr gene” earl evan Thal, ner fence i mento provide « mechanistic undensandng ofthe way in which tra as reinstated as peal process hat can be repeted cess india and expressed as (mae or fs) somo bao. Meso al rope tha tit aloe with he molec mechan of DNA ‘plication and eens ae ol ily toe very plate he ended stlogy appearrnte ath lve fhe tant wok hat pd he dane incach cae Whee or not this tec ulogy proves ul With spet 10 research in svi eucscine, anges Dnee loka nd cata ‘luo props at higher evel a alse the slain and dei of ‘al at) wl ado ln st on mer “Ait as mate, nescence research he moked may fom ater twenty simple oe-troe sctue-inton mappings a engi the nee foals ite of darian abe neo etek tha re foeasembled in ep fo dent pect ik era Nel ens tke genetic and immune stems, re mil degoner, mening1s D sour iter src elements an poe the sane futons xp (dels ‘daly 200; Price rd Friston 290) Conse nany sorta cements sho appari be plrpoton (eg, Aso 2010) meaning tt sil sue {ures re capable of spporing mull dient finetos Such -o-me rand many-o-ene structure-fncon mappings ae pes areal eel of aml Edeiman and Gly 201, invading tens to dere fare on fom sacri puely boto-p way. Praesent there eel canot be property undersioa withoe rence to high-order factnal ‘nd context consti anymore tan he goes information “sad” by [DNA sequences can be understood pt tela reese lar metabolism somatic developmen (Maye 198), nd orgasm edn hich itis coheed Inter ese ii pone ag al may 1 replies ied atone unde eel faa Ineo Ob Jes shoul be tient) mlleve consis aig on the epoion Gf tehvie aces india can, but at lied spaces pea Tearing mesh od ses, ‘Nears oni tohis ete tough a enters program in which stactal and physiological cosa of Povo sewed {infor the facionation oF psyeholowcl process, and the Ustonaten of pjcologial procener motivate icesnly refine netoscen ins ‘estpion. nescence ofecouy wuld som fo Be od pace 0 ‘egin, conidering the cena plc tht tcology (eg, Boyde 2011 and this volume) an technol tints (eg, Shennan 2011 and his ome) Ivchadinstiis ofc veluon a wellas the volume of muience ‘seach devoted to unerstunding the prton, esto, tnd mito of sree interactions wih bets Firs, howsve ae) to Sep ‘eka cosie what exsly we mean by technol” in his cone, What ts Technology? “Tectology ia fiz category. Thee cane ite dub tht etal examples ke atop compas and tats beans, bat more ira examples se uestons Is musc technology? Wt soa mara ators png 1 ‘oo se by nonkumans "technol" adhow shld we aeprize compen Siaging techniques which oan tose, Bye td Bye 1983)? ‘Atempting an exchsve and exhaust dentin of tcaclogy fil tbe either possible nor prota. I woul appear oe te porta dete ‘iy hey dimensions of varias the “amy rescmans™ tt inks xe ss hat hese my Become the sje of rte stay. ter wad we should consent eso this question (°Wha tty?) and stead ‘opty explore the ise: "Wh interesing abo este? For et "a pusposes, some the mre ners tings ou cola at (@)oten votes the ust and modieston of abt 0) chase by Newosince of Techy 19 -somplely npn oa stores and) wily lint on socal mecha fet restr Object From atropologial perspective, webalgy'steency involve objec is of patie cate incemes the cance of behav lng gia tres fr fue sisal of hol teres bea ea ‘creat of dale meu Fr human ation od ation, boy feed as“materal clare” Fre somewba arowe ogni nd feb: reciente espestive (eg. Aib et 2009) the invaivoment of ebet inresting eens i compliateshe prepa and coptiv cn faction by nmoing wie ray of penal alferanes and fect tis tobe esovered an sordid say requ mecansn of pep ‘un soning and neal modeling i he ance of et somanemory ‘eedbck fom the ed ee Furthermore, the potty greet tempers ‘sitence and causl dives af objet mee actions tay sper the roducion of more comely rgnized and temporally prcd aion el and equencs, Complex Organiaton Cole perseptus-otor an copa againtion i sc caractersic oftechalogy, whether or rhs amples opanizton is dam ovesoned bythe seo ts For example, weavings base clas “eoelopal™ enifootols ae ued, wheres sweeping the oe sa or lininal example, ‘enthoup os being eed ppeseily wo ater the psc environmen ‘This nm elects the ition th ase wenn ea ore complet and nae atv, bt what exc seat by “nanan ompen iyi this cote As recent cussed by Deseo 202), nermation ‘heretea ppronch weld dfn ogaintion and compen a ppc tome of le measuring the redundansy af x em. Fa Earp pa ‘em of andor tation tein sees axmly complex at is not constained by any edad patring: hr sto a to sig ‘be image o he een witht ping the ste of exch na pis eollows that complexity is ao reas by seening the al umber of ‘ements (ea pitl) orthnumber of eat pone ses ech element {eg clo) In contrast, many photographs conn rind ve, peice abl) pats sch as ede, feds, practic alow “esses age ‘sunpeson (the LZW algrtim ued to gente GF, TIFF and POF files) Thee ings ae ore organs ee ope, than an eal Sd feof sate. A lank white sens rama cstized nd minimal) com lex besa he ison oe clo apt fa each psc Aat tae ou eh, Iain compet ad axial xprize oh le dal160 D.siow ‘What interesting (an character of teenolgy) i complex organise tin, is ppc oxymoron achive by eppsing compe ran tint difeen evel of aerator abe words by exploing th ere tse peal of hienrhisa” ystems (Laney 19S Meso ed OB ok: Sion 1962) clase example fom he movement scence i> ‘ded by Beas (936), who dese the nm tons of backs king chisel wih hare: Suresh. Bemscin found tht the mae Inet tector of nid! oii the ars of se expe canes ttre reavely unpredictable ce, “complex” cress sings Neverthe, these complex movements produ ends ie, “nana” acon ot ome aoe swing nth form of highly consent jean ofthe Bam tne ead, Ths, th repeated harming ato swell pad in ems of ts consisely reproduced gol emais complex in ems oi ca nematic means. Moning year in scale, oe might sity consider the sembly of edunian action "pes" ex, hammering, being, quenching) Into compen contingent ston segues hat ae agin recat oe sil higher evel of he sdadized iat prodce eg apsne ser, “Maria 200), Tio sate aia tne koe who mst roe Sd pods “based on materi which never sandr, and wih sures of percussion tha are never erfecty dlvred” (keri 199117), auch canes redundancy in chapel caters actly regres vase hn in ear Not tt it the resin bacon of goal the Wi racial ees which sopports th ene interplay a eompenty atd ‘amit hy allowing Retrogencous sora clement 1 cota nr serrate goals. Thi clot analogs ote way i wich Standard gammatal wits fe. noun phrases) an be conse fem ao Inte varity of diferent wor Complex ranged gol carci ae bo only characters of chology thy ae also cia in supporting bah the adaptive exit andthe sec rerodut feeble Beavers (Gye and Rison 199; Wolpe eta 2003) Seca Reproduction ‘The hens reine of eshnoogy om sail mechanisms oF reproduction i of ous, aoe ne of interesting ees, andthe pinay Tous of th arent cscusion Loosely speaking ssh relanedifrentatesexholois From moe bilgi determined “itis,” sch the dam baling of beavers othe nes bud of bids. We mast be eel, bower 1 avd TFs asp te nay omen oi Sn in ‘hh agen Maria tas ae ya ero a ‘hat ten aap ep de Te ope hee be Spee soutien Nearscene of ohnaogy vs simply rsuretng th te natee- arte schtomy ina ne sone Sec contet play len the development of al bun beaver a a behavoris comply unconditioned by bloated characters tes Evenapoeypcaly inate human il ke bipedal wing develops ough an teraction of plysicl marten and seily meted oper Tunts ae pacte (Aoi tal. 2005}. The eri tintin eh the ‘onssit oranizing haan pat deriv soe ctiely mn he ron ‘ofevoive biomechanical and nua ras with pyle sts aber than fom socal ines. Soca Scaflding serves to motivate the developing ‘stm rate han wo seucie the bebe, Sch sia rian may ‘rc o technologie repotion Lave and Wenge 991, tits te sci ansision of viral res (Le, mullet actin "gol as cased above) thats dine For example te rmuable uty and consistency of apace wor shied by lowing an elboatepeton ie erie around vst ‘ater of sare (Marin 208, ranging om te kena of pop vet hammer stokes, sue percept ues nding ied mail ‘ropes and vrsformations, abstr concept representa of rious ‘roucon sages sequences The content etcmer achieved By ater Sond maken co ae silyl ot” of iterations Berne tome lal tl ba, "make a wor) and pexiting atl denial on ‘ritsinth wy tah regulates of human gio. Rate ey et ag {anon of work cf Deacon 2012) bth ind soa ave in ge {Sting a peering arta amy of bear eons alo [racttecer tng ovale iil condita end rng proce fot ‘Se never enclaves converge ely om an arnmicaly Tiely outcome As we ave en his equi hrc structure in hich ‘havior complexity can be sinulneos} preserved and consaiel on it fect eels of sation. The testing Gustin forthe ty of ea og): How do culturally const obese, and soil aco Low-Level Constr Tools and Actions ‘oot ‘Mana saviors onstined no oly by inetd somatic and neural st ‘ures, bt ako hy an nied cuurl nce filed wth designed te, For ample th desan of byes aly a yery mow range of eff "ve otns abd eae neds 9 show ani which end of ay Bara to hold which end ose 6 sks an obet (Lekman 2008). The coo Strains posed by designed objets pence Phat ta ca be "epodiced acts did nd generation witout cess ONG1a D.siout the sharing of intr aston seprsemtations or conceptual Knog This property of aac exenpliod in pts who mle fom ieaonal of motor spas; hey have Silty deeing or pasomining ol a= ‘ins Get impair epson bt oe rode appepie {upsand minulons whe lowed the ensrotr edhe om ac Sliyhanling ols JoosanFrey 2008). Somme esi single nerons inthe pret eorex of macaque monkeys (Marais slit 200) have shown ta the we of supe tol ‘Sores ia modiation of th "body schema to gute erly incorpo {ate the handel tol 5 an exesion of eb Leson dia suggest tha “Snarmetanim voc ia ange human fool we (Bet an Frese 200), An exer prio 2-6 woot) of high srcred ining eine ing socoesve cements of shail chi) i regi rode Such Spl tol we in nag (ik tl 196; Peters et 200) and my Fel! the experince doen fron of me arent connections Cot {Enporoprstal snd vetlel pets concx (PFC) to neon i the inrapercta sues (Hra etal. 2006, Ths, aco! se would sem 0 fay an the apie febiiy of bly represents nan oppure Sol stan” f vison fravion (Mine and Goodale 2008). However, ist lea that sinsar mechan can explain he ach mar dese, pe ‘sie compl tpi Isimed manual oa ws of arn In parca, isc doub that ody schern aeration alone ae sulin fo exp these of tcl toaerth base functional pope ofthe had (ees, mers poles a commonly ce in mans (Ai et a-208) and rap lo ut closest vig rele the chimpanase (Malek ad Cll 3006 Povilla 2010). "Wise cal understanding fl proper int on he and may no be neces) fo expan macgue we of simple wale eke oF ‘lari ad Ii 200; Peter a 2009 Ui etal 208), sh “desde lary implied nthe aan eo open "which ‘Snover hand movers i eae dierent mechanical aos Frey ‘07. Khas eos proposed tat the human capacity Toe complex tol ws aie frm novel mention othe lef infirpaetl lobule of Sra te rersenttions of on fancion fos a vena espnieponl steam ‘of vino perepon wit he serorietor asain fraction it the dora seam, th allowing oe ncn appropiate tol persion td use (Fey 2007, Mare eel has bean reported (Petes ea. 200) at an anterior ein of man part oes terior sapamari rs, 'SMG) dla a pel expan oe observation of snp oa we Thi ‘epon sed posterior to pA he uae human borage to Pa of monkey anterior irpsital slee (AIP) (Fy 2008: Oran et 3200) a elon inset vscmotor rp astral Fr bjt mi ‘pulaion (Fags and vb 1998) Human SMG tas ee soca with te ‘ming, pnmiming, and exceaton of sine with ole (Levi 206) an Neroscence of Technolgy 16 icons pha, cated byte observation of ipl tol ws baat ‘of ussite hand actions (Pets cal. 2009) I ths appear ikely fa Dunas, SMG ply pei le in coding te cst proper simple tools as tinct fom hands, i may epee an npn convergence i for doa an veal seams. Indcd ing ine we fel ols ‘ulin increased actation of» cnvesing ctor of venta ral ‘seam sacres,isadingm nero atin of avant sales, ‘ndheroup vey of poAP apd SMG) (Weber 207), ‘Apart om these details of Fnctional newest is ea tha ol onstain setion a leat two ways Fit, simple tol pial preset smal umber (pethaps jst oe of ecient option fo raping tht com sain the way in which the wil spicy be inerported into the Boy schema, These consaiodafrdnces, wich themselves refes the cl frolton of aif ei, will be reliably and epstedly discovered acres individuals ven nth abscnce of mare acne” seca ansmiason Seco, the performance characteris of "eompen ls key represented ve tal team regions concen wi noabiloiea motion (posterior mile temporal sya) an bjs fom sf gs), wiles the ange of actions or Which thy ae typically eed. iven somewhat lnge ie of xplaration nd petbaps some socially sited motatn, these pete Inte characte shoul ls be moro rity rediscovered oc invidunt minimal ete social put, much ashe dams of tpl walking ar "Thee that os constainbuman ction may fst sh, seem reminis- cetofanrpologicl arguments tht stitute agency ait de eet of human users (Gosden 208) oo suet tht arta theses {Se “acve eps” evolving nthe sane wey th vig orgasms eos However, arial coasts on bebavioe te real properties which nly emerge the conten of gs ret acon hy ving agent thd, evn ‘inthis comet, pil eu nthe reproduction of simple behaves, uur ips) han epnton fait tems. This seem ter capture hy the concept of ecologies inerance developed In aiche const theory (ing Smee al 196) than by set aml fe between atiit and erga Artic cam nded em repo. 'e iafmation aout hi en frm, and const eg, Call ‘tnd Mien 2008), bt ony wader the gored inerpeation of vig ‘ape (Deacon 2012) Ath he sipling asempsion that act tau evole asi hey were talc tata tas hoe empialy pou tive (O'Brien ea 200; Shean 2011), we wish ower he al Inecsnimnvohsd fo Me) a adden cus awh hi siping, 'ssumpton might ot wrk then we mst cose aurea nanos ‘of emarinon interpretation by such get.164 D.siout ort Modes os ay fo hugh nro’ ysl eves costa ast ty of aoe ig teenie i ote ers a aay offs Fee geiko hae ut may aon floes #9 gied ree ity ted and oe cot. het at i 2 ee tag ce ws of aera ms whch pei a ss al eucoer nae of many ac (Woe a 9) See torn ma pcs henry anos ar acts (i, ode con ouores whereas ise mad pret ‘the motor akon ncesan opie phen cn (eo te and aaa ape ot nner tse we 78 ‘Sonal ml pon nd conte, apne. Bet pts pel hun repens an ed sl apropos eons fac esa eds wi ps hc compro al ‘Skt wn eosin nh dni ae sr Forcamle ne ches pk up fal le expecting ee naman of macro ding he been ee STieleowiane an cor The cone ot el mde Se unten moing ses aero enh quo sre Stet aston + My compen conte 0 Doha mosey ipa are fire Te ncappn to pay fy le he teaon of es sl note ‘Smo ean dg bet non (ba 209) te see cpbr clon sap sch perepn ce 2070) “Settee oe anny cose of sting Beate Sx 50) suc ego vale wit wc SL enmernents ah seo tbe matched apap or ederim (Wore 203, mer sur ae ‘SoG erred cates neohenct in slaion Casa Sous Chama 208) Motor Resonance tna moe ths provide is framework undestantin h iie {vfsp acts, Tenens of taion ni coon Bs ‘Ses nly impact bye sro ad sta of mor er ia SEIU ae prea conor of mace monkeys (Rl nd Crasher) Tose ae ers th rap tho chee actos and Sree sr econ, Nerone wit ie poet ae SIE inhoms hugh nvsierecading ectgtes eda toy ome po hm conn rey a st ERR ping entree fon owe actor 1 (Rts acns Ooi eng final a Newosience of Tchnloy 165 predictors re omared with sensory peceton foe aton rte tan {eedbesk fom one's wn ations ad thn ed to let th pop co trols nededo genet arephie movements (Wolpe etal 200) These ‘ved controls can then be execuied to race the seul mover Gaon} ee suppressed model the movement witout overt sn ei ‘hough that his atomic tvaion of meta coule meer nsonace, Provides « mechanism of acon understanding ough intra inaaon, td tha this basie mechani of atonundestndigi the fodation for nore sop forms of ail cognition, incling the ndesanding of neon (Wolpe et 2008) aed her of medals eta. 200) Imation ‘Thoreare sever ipo isses rhs account of acon unersanding and ‘man areal with wept to th oc reprodacton of ehaony Mos frdamenally hs accu reguises mec whereby prediosn- erpoaig ich somatsesny cr ies elick tom one obey an be ued wi the purely visa and airy int generate bythe. tons fees: apt which sot even presented he sae pal pepe tive This he aalladcoreapomdence pole ad,ahogh pea pa se mechan fave bon propose revain ew stat saved by fer purpose mecannms of soca leiing rss sn Hyes 2005 ‘hu feral odes ae lao othe observed Behave of odes though stimuli generator e's owe visible movenent (Le ecogsis thatone's ow hand postr thes tht fener dvi andor ssid context ces sopra ty simple mschanisns such as Hedin Teaming Ye, synaptic pasty "el tht fe together, wire togshe” An lear cual etrk ml of his poss preset by Lal and Batson 2001), However thissingl solution tote corepondece poten fases ater fs ain (enabled by he statin of asians ‘ith ley exiting itera mods, how ei posbe inte novel ae ‘ine? In other words, bois eaming achieved? This etal problem forthe soil epoducton of bebavor neal tng of estoy pial The slution kel es inthe hrc sta turofbehvior Bees ton gale bss ove constuea eas (ootethat th means! tintin sa elise “pl” Boome "ean a diferent eel of aa) is possible to asemble new behaves os fair onsets Busi et al 204), Frenne, Bea the elie hatin of gals renders thn robust arin in oerevel mean, i Psi o"opy”beuvos witht aching these details pert ned, {would never be posible iia precisely the kines of ete ini ‘tals wi ere ized a shaped odes (de Vignemont a Hass Dro) Cones ote posible To inate a gesture witha ety itera eestor (2. ight eta In cases hee Sch vrai166 Dio loweelevel ation dts des not make iene onde eteomes {ies uooostind, the parsy observa les novel acts may te posible tough sisal parsing of rule! bshavionl reais (Buchstau eal: 2011; Byrne 199) ts soporing fis iin ler Ing Howeves when action det do mater nd thee seton let ae "cay inthe bral reper le necenary to engage i ete ‘hina export (practice or play) eypredce ellie ite fal models hough an ene proves matching sation to ever lose {roroninatons of ebsvel Kinematic ade envionment! otemes This ‘rch! mde! ese he eof pvc bat aes 2 San ae fe eee sou of nation: Exaety what i revel of nirmain i ein shred daring imiacon ering? ‘any ofthe ori knde of representation tht might be ed dering action ehraton and inttion hve Bon reviewed fy de Vinemont and Flag! 200) who ding varus types sory mk seman "rai abd gress fasten om specie motor comamand and ‘Sau reins to abstt ror nian peng the sal pa ofan Stoner" dik foals of water) They conc that resonance ‘irc mechansms mat ely noe primate motor neon action, kine a "dynamic sgenes of pete movement.” Thee ibaa "ton re more ses an les nerpeine than pririnteton (8, "mp ‘hist an ring to mosh a opposed 0 ea), bt are nt specie ote level fpr mst commande Thies aniston with work a monkeys ‘thie shows tat micron neon te selectively rexpraive to ation pes {Ges emp) dept substan variation in the mor deta eg rece ‘power pp (Rizzoli an Crighero 208), nd th the sponse of in [ee pret ior nero soins fr parle action types odd bythe El palo the motor sence which the arora ae embeded (Fogas et a 2005) In humans, pty orcogous rela of ile ‘otal and infrir pra eorex play asia selective response 10 Simple tion ous (Leap a parca abet) ars vara spect “iemate meas (Gon 200), Thai appears lassie moe sence Inecunss petng artnet texan pose ie onl cores aeiee abet cing of observed ations o "mide ‘internal mol peeing goal-iecedssuenes of mentary ations, Wolpert tal. 2003} hat are send isthe mote epee of he observe “This mevimism for obseratcnal acon undestaning (Rizzo and Ciphers 2008, working tagetier with otal reins tha pyre motor taming Gost prem spa awareness (superior prea), bilo {al mation peepion (sper trp sles), objet epennaton (i Tice mp) and working memney (lle otal sya) ay sapro ition of siplegoaoetad seas (Burcioo et a 200% Mena ea 2008; Molenberghs ea 200), suchas exhing to gasp o ike ah ob et Iter, Hoc tal (2012) reels epred sat of erasing Neurascione of ehnaogs 16 onnecivity of "sre" mirorsystem and read temporaria regions eros (nonin) mzaqes infrqseny ising) hmpaneces nd amas Tmiaive mching of shared intra modes may cositutebae wit forthe saci tansmision of Sevan. Asa mater of speculation, seems ose tht printer! mosel widely share in» populsto or n= Feason emailing chops) cold bis the peeeton ad repo tton of uno technical gees, Homer, hs mechs byl i insfient to explain the ranamison of complenly organi’ technologies, hich pil eit ely botat lower (eg embod sls) and higher {ee seauenoes of gals) levels of ction egantatin Thisis ikl to imp Gate dion mechani of mae abstat goal presen i the PFC, swell as more once sensory proesing of observed movements Fr ex tpl, i nressngly well suet tht the “elementary” pero tsurofStone krapping requires highly cori a precise Ske Bri {al-2000, 2010 Inthe words Knematis ariaton shh conse ested otcomes However. th import parame (6 kite ee) a to prceptllavalable fo mane obsrver nor satire in exising era tol for ore genre perce acs Ths he aurver mut bein by (ico imiting the observed geste checking the etcome apis te prods (ested) oteone, and then emberkng ons eng pros of ‘rine betuvoralexploraionodtnete racic (Eneson ea 1983) Uretsoser the evant ak consi and develo compen era Idle Besa toe are a huge numberof vale fo be expo, thi ‘Sill acquistion rest may eit lng. Thi proces maybe acceler foment hy arid hematin of expe prema, which poids thon model fe mache trough process of man seperate tnd usovitine lang dca above, or ough nentnal aching By {met wich mit involve env coms andr odiedpefosce {emotion oii relevant variables srctedcoacing(Ya0U 1978), or exp seman information abou the ak Ia hs coment, soi ronson fr practice rmpcaing aoa soil cognitive and aleve Inecbnsms) omy sso be ena! for tecnologia repeat (Lave ad ‘Wenge 199; Rox 199, Sout 2002, 2010 ough hss beyond th See ‘Thi acount of Pst scion machine fond by avid Kinematic rncovery a reguie he pence of toe abst oa epesiins The nal nance nna depois staring ot or geneaig sang of hein ever, subsequent eect o ths til vari ‘inca aly car wih reference to adie oan. nie witha Wie al distinction between aon of es) ad emulation (gous) neo ‘ins st of imation ave sed tks whic hel sp 0 po fice parila movemed or body posture (Beno ea. 200; Chaminade fe a. 208 aee alo the da go iain sk onan pies6 Dieu CCasance tl 199), Thi avid hort complications surounding te “eatin emit ichotry by equing sale nd means However, tc ogc atomically nae se, comand) with respect {o hher-level goals mont sical nvolsngtasormation of abject or Stas, How are thre bigher onder consents represcatd and eroded rom ind? High-Level Constraints: Objects and Goals “The wo “ut” an ref ther tne physical ety othe gal of irscton, This yogi seeatin Bphipi he simple it Bat ction {ls gly have odo with mong, maniulng o wing pia ‘Shects This cette of ccna actions Area the to ‘cto, te syamatierasfomation of cable ajo proves an poe ‘unt metium fr the labor of enol ext, cmpeny organi {son sequences, Unfors andi sap ents to he rowan body ‘trecarch on snp) ol we (eg Lewis 2005, tare has bse lost estosetfemvengrtion sch sje wansrmation Acton Ostomes ur understanding of abject goal epesentations ths comes pina 1p om ads of spe obcrston ad manielation. Sach ses com "Seo plate petal and paral corey, with more abst gel ‘epovcitons geal bung suited with peer distance rom he ‘muy seoriator cortex sending the ctl sues (ie moe arn ‘otal core, mere poster aparece) In mothe, Nelsen cal (G05) found tat me porte infec foal eons repo 0 vars ‘hom in th speci context of ebered actos (ae oor an tons) ‘vhs the more anterior sea 4S (2 plate homolog af human ea $8, $s, aneror rvs aes) war eponsieo abut More icra | sljet frmatn, Hamion an Graton (208) stad he repesenatin| ff osered acon oucmes in human ng simple lingo box wih Sul te opened in difrent aye (arom interme) a wih ile ‘sions (vin Kinematic pares) They founda selec ep ‘aqicomesin frie Howler rea ¥,posesiortoasen dan infor art soe, ih in height bemispere. Thi cota wit peo: Sy by Graton and Hanlon (207) n which vain in he tet objet fora simple escho-gasp was tscinta with selective response afr Frontal sex an rely anion prion of le ifr pate (GesphAlf, dco above) both inh miner Across expernen, tortion i Vowel artic wan soci wl epooe i vl a Socaton cox (mplting sensory matching aber that mote esa) Nearoeience of Techlogy 16 ‘These dng guest tbe prscce ofa diversity of goa eresemtions Ina parton cortex (ton 209), wi higher vel (eater ouomes) in pacar being epesentd in th right esha Tnvolvement of the Hah hemisphere may seem suprising, considering the exesive evidence that simple ol use i elated (Leis 200, However acon outcomes, purely thse which involve obj nao. ion ny nfl on longer temporal sale and involve lnger sale vie ‘tosptlpoesig tah wich maybe pefiretly nsocated with the Fig hemipie (Sout et 2008) Ufc ph Bemphere nvolvemer Is ben cowie repre i the seal nero imaging sn tat Ive scaly sted object arsfrmains. Chaminade a 2002, who onduted PET study of bjs ining simple craton atone wing ‘ego toes eprtd station of thigh donot PEC i cases here nly pal ifn (ga! al omens oly was anil to ide ion planning Frey and Gury (2006) ha subjects ears by aberration bow toassemble iret objects on Tiketys nd fur athe ip ateror Inrpariul sues waste ony vei a wich acon created with successful lao a the damossaed (ritzy) sequen of esrb. ‘They conde tht his rein isp informing epesetation of the tempered of componet ations. This ears with pats palmetto complex acto sequencing observed flowing ight emis Fess (Hainan eta 203) Fil athe ol aging sso date of aca tela produ ‘ion aseies of PET and MRI ivesigations of Soe wa aking Stout and {Chaminade 2007, Sou tal. 2018, 2011) have cass reported ake Iemisoe activation Stout etal (208) ound increased activation of Hak Inferno fal cortex ring skilled handaxe prods 1s compare simple Odowan fake produto, result meee by IML a ram te ebsevation of to rdction (Stout tal. 2011) Ths does mo pea rete the presence of o-level eens in manipulative com> leit ars thew tsk (File al. 2010) apis hs atte ote oe comply onanize ou stutre of hase preston. GoabOrganized tation “how more study of objet asfrmain is leary needed the emering picture ripen tht 3 eM Iter parton ner inves ‘epresesing gels a the level of rete action ousomes and sequel ob jst eaaermations This would be adition to» Boer kw Te hemi Sphere matarresonnce tom nv in epesetng oes io ine the ieeal as of yer at hemp nape, poles syntax vers sow (eg posh comet) impute rossi abd ay fe ec more genera einer vison of le tc op mal ae10 DSi ston ono the eft and age scl, ge dation inepave unctons| ‘nthe igh (Sot a Chaminade 2012) an ease, anton wo so ot femmes an bjt tarsomaton kel Be at ea as import as mos Teron nthe social eduction of bavi. A argued nove, selon "non pte itera ros simple acon can oly oa wth ete cetohipherae gol ts kel tht simple object ransformaon ret ‘ten provide hs constaiat on aon variation. For example Richard Byrne he propose an intel “tring parsing” ‘uo! finite, nich "resin asters inthe vibe sea oka ‘irate det and odo bl ttl htc ofthe ander Mer ‘hia! srt” (Bye 193943) In this cogiel simple wa, ese Pick oat essen chant o apes (consi in by redunan pateng fom comple observed sexienes, lowing for programe” enying (Byrne and Ruson 198) of lae-cale betvil organization ‘Bye sages that thse edu might be Bodily movers oe es fom abjets, bo hath ter ae ialy tobe mish macs eervabe AS steluve ste, moe ores separbl neural tems exist or represeting each des levels fain erganzatn, imperial, Byes nde specie ae not rege caso nena ntrrettion of the obser sons sch udestangings may te developed ae ital Al that requied ae ‘pporunics and motion for repeated obser, nation wo Bonde ‘Souci conten alld to bone, his mpi the need for est oe toa evel of esracon in goal epee: hat ofthe overall go tf the sexton, the deumblity of which motivates atenson to and coy Ingo sabes Infact, develope Beketing ad Prinz 202; Pym and ‘Whites 2008) and experimedalvansmsion ste (Mesut and When 20} dete dt tere sa bas toward higher dl copying at hgh le Ss of hier epaation Stok hpherarer gal representations ae most kel ppd by PF earophysclpaly PC swell suet mainai sable supercool ‘mpreserions over exendsborie atin ssoenes baer eons are able wo susti ring ver ete pigs of ine abd ars ‘ent (Burkey tal. 2000) Connection, PFC epee higher com ‘erBene Zone fr the brain's sensorimotor systems an is tho isl tbe ‘aunzed na muitlve fon, with nearing abac reeset being insted in ineeasingly ater reioas. The precise meaning of bc” in this cones ree contoveil, with sre noexclsie stemnves being dan general (earn across cognitive domains), ‘elatoeliteraon (elton betncen stint laos bernen elton {tetera sbraton(aianing goals ver in) a poly bran. thon (spsetng gal sectors over subgoals) (Bae and DE 200) Trine the question of eacty what conse biherorder pals feel stn what needs be repens, Neuroscience of Technology m Clasilytcnolgy is sisted with achieving economic goal nd, hima, wih inreasing the ua and fon egy cp nm the enieumeat (Whi 1983) Tn every if, weer, sch rte ims Ima be very othe min of inviuls, Mare posit ol ae ikely uit dives, fom fhe pars ofa alu tom o commodity noes st too) toanasenion of persona enya psf socal tts. Ia ae cs ‘ofteshlopcl kil cqistion tele e perp os lente svat ing (Lve and Wenge 1991 even ely that he “value” ahd ‘oman ems iste scaly motte. These re oestons ag bescod ‘hesope ofthis apt but timp tosh hy do mata ae qe elevanto understanding he neuen tn mechan whch ny be itvhed This is partoulaly te ion scopes theses that he 1 very important "tp-dosa goaldieted eles ition od tech sologcalwansmision. For staple acing rene sy of Zineete weaves (Geel! 208 oud th he nraction of the Economy in the region changed the goal of weaving om he fuller of ‘ronal socal elas to emmercint pot This nadie ne ago ff roducingincvatve design which wae ued bya ces the competi of conception and manipulation of designe om ony Iocks of calor toa tendy-tvend basin) Thus, changes in high evel gal ‘can have impart “wicked fle on ll evel atom epiaon ‘ad tccnsiagclraneniion ‘Structured Event Complex Send vem complex (SBC) theory (Babe a. 2008) provides a mode {Of PFC function hat mgt be efi in adresing the fda divert ‘af potential cholo gos, An SEC fine as" ved st of ventas sored in sglence and represents event eaten isang ‘gems, ijets, acs melita ackground esting) si ots stir eal td moral rss, and temporal cen ound (Batty {ta 20081292) This itomaton srt” houghou th anh fo ff embodied sensor, mote, and Wiser asseiions or anne mays ta te imegrted to ore asiat cron epeseiatos in ase? ‘omvrgece zones, sich a PFC. Babey etal. (2009) een nescence ‘dence lnking major simersions of vraton in SECs toate nd regions in PFC. Ths tis expeted tht more complex SECs (ea, are felons, peur policy absraetn) wil be atneted with more anor PFC, mull eves stearaton with right PFC, mesh pla and acts wi desolate! PEC, and seca pos and sip wth erred PC: ‘Thisange, couple with widely ited repetitions n poster es, sues tht virally enti rin ty bore involved in dif SECS din diferent nts we oe "ecolopeal™m Swat Acorn o SEC tery, ane the complex web of asciatins th om ses an SEC i ome the ee SEC canbe iit in 8 Btomp fashion yay of clement Fer example, upon walking to a esarant 8 wide amy of xpetors a intetons ecb ive Sia the ed {odie mil ita bor can simulta ene SEC having od Wh ing and sig at apreriat o Thox, SECs are abana snr he ‘Sinan cera of egnkvepshelog ex, Alon 981) te ela noel cognitive apogee and Quinn 1987) he om ‘res of contin of novi andrea plas spilt ‘Sreriv terol profien (Keller an Keller 1996). Tar acquston “nd reement may tr ened copie develpmet ia ce (e3- Bunr 10) and the sion of etncl experi in dus (Kl and Keler 1986) The aivtion of elt representation in SECé a eels te pins ing of semantic cooepts (eg. "achshun” primes “poole” and “leash Pater tl 207), ba ves wider snes of eresettion pes (ep imeral model) Like webs of semantic sociation, diet SECS ‘evi be oveapig wih fez boundares ad ambigvos membership (ep, shuld inst mening eagucte be similar 10 a phone cll ena coding aan posbites for eeatvity (2 genre system) Tne,» core fonction of SEC oop to Be th ep feo tun thinking fg, predicting fits eacomes, planning comings, td Imapningatemaives SEC theory thos promising deco or explo the ile known neriense of eet, nd for eter andetaning te sours) of chao novation, Conclusion The aurosinse of eshlogy sould ofintres oma diet pope ‘any dierent esos In this chapie,mpliatons for ou undead ofthe cul evoiion of tcnolgies have Doon hb OF specie Ines are mechan tht might) iso costran the eproution of leehologea acces andor (0) genet ne echolalia (com ei: Wih eset othe forme, anal sogge ht he shoul Be Bi '8es operating tml ves of eganiation. trig a he ota thee ‘se the consis imposed by designed tol themselves tat strong tend ‘encourage partic pate of peesion which, nt, acts the way simple ols ae incorptate ino tbe ay shea nd ths ios ey utes of wage The exteace of sch consis even in arcncolgia {ooo nknow fiction, cul edie discovered though experiments with mse sabe Atavomewhat hier eve the perfomance chr Isa cs ls comtain sige However tex consi wl tendo Be Tess dering elie wo the vast ange of pti acts tal could Be Neocon of Tcl mm ‘mained: opdown anal and context besome more npn ia mao the such pcs, preening aetr problem fr experimental archaclo Research on motrrnrance pp hat snl alin gets, sack aching © sp place, rk ance may Bethe Bsc un of ‘mon and mca ranenion The heeft mincing of abso gets tently ilar gestres sey nthe obsess mr ep ke Iy presen common season frit transmission, where amore Sete peste i hed fora pein one. Sabin section against sch Substations isly an import dersion of cholic apprencship {nd hl nein 6 ests is se also Shennan. volume) Tis in Piles open infene of eid goals constanng low-level acto, Ks Tky hr the mst easily obscriable nd ansible goals proving uch ‘eile constants on ation soquenes ae olen vise tarsormations of ‘objects: This ets post or asnsion biases ast aston ‘ions hat arse or eters iit observe. Ths Wl be the ase panicle the observe’ case ntetonl uring ofthe P= ‘ei no wll developed. For example novice one naps ofen mas Iss wt respest be eens, ke lnm preparation. and my ote abel ha the sage ete ust ove actly doesnt [them nyc hr gal One way to comer ch ranansion bs ort undertones fo vey “overall spe prod tin, hch an prom enol asian 200), Indes he neon ue ceed an be viewed in $80 Ways Fi leh ings being eg, hy wile 1 Bis he Kinds of esha coy that re acc reproduced (ie, ait tore with ily spec Se perc and eric eum). Send meer hey pide # Key 0 ‘deramigthetypes of err tare most ikl. Aig tha cme oh {or are actualy Heil this ma sen as somewhat kin owe ‘Soins cn alan te an cede mechani peering rowel "Amsjrdsaraleey with coment! cosepion of biolopealevcaion smamtninc fsck crete cn iv well ndeatod,phaps bce ceaiy ell halo define and opersonaize experimental Hao tl be oe profil stded a soil phere tha a paychologial ne Neves, commen once ol vain by dass ait ‘ese he ecombination of eight ew Fewer. sta {Sis the case, SEC theory, which alee prc the mechani of ‘sociation between clement of aoldected Seton, may provide 4 good Franewoe or investing thee