PIACENZA, February 09th 2012

POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Campus Piacenza
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Written test of
ELECTRIC NETWORKS AND REGULATION FOR RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES (SMART GRIDS)

(NAME-SURNAME):______________________________PERSONAL CODE_|_|_|_|_|_|_|

EXERCISE 1

GENERATOR G1 Sn = 100 MVA, VnomG1 = 15 kV

GENERATOR G2 Sn = 80 MVA, VnomG2 = 20 kV
TRANSFORMER T1 Sn = 120 MVA, V1nomT1= 15 kV, V2nomT1= 132 kV, vcc = 10%
TRANSFORMER T2 Sn = 100 MVA, V1nomT2= 132 kV, V2nomT2= 20 kV, vcc = 15%
LINE L1 VL1 = 132 kV, LL1 = 80 km, XL1 = 0.2 Ω/km
LINE L2 VL2 = 132 kV, LL2 = 50 km, XL2 = 0.3 Ω/km
LINE L3 VL3 = 132 kV, LL3 = 10 km, XL3 = 0.1 Ω/km
LINE L4 VL4 = 132 kV, LL4 = 30 km, XL4 = 0.15 Ω/km
LOAD C1 Sn = 50 MVA, cosφ = 0.7 lagging

Based on the information in the Table, the candidate should:

 calculate the per unit system for the network in the Figure
 calculate the per unit bus admittance matrix Ybus (6x6 matrix) for the network in the Figure
 comment about a possible simpler Ybus modeling the same network

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EXERCISE 2

The figure shows the electrical scheme of a PV plant.

 The PV plant has a rated power equal to 900 kW. The produced energy E-p is equal to
1.200.000,00 kWh (costant during the whole life of a PV plant).
 The total energy losses are:
LV/LV transformer losses 0,20%
Inverter losses 0,60%
LV/MV transformer losses 2,00%

 The PV plant became operational after June 2011  Quarto Conto Energia. The PV plant is
classified as “Other PV”
Plants in operation after 30/06/2011
Power [kWp]
On Buildings [€/kWh] Other PV [€/kWh]
1<P≤3 0,368 0,327
3<P≤20 0,339 0,303
20<P≤200 0,321 0,291
200<P≤1.000 0,303 0,263
1.000<P≤5.000 0,280 0,250
P>5.000 0,269 0,238

 The minimum guaranteed price for the energy injected is always equal to 0,1034 €/kWh.
 The CTR income is equal to 0,00388 €/kWh.
 The total cost of PV plant is equal to € 3.000.000,00 (CAPEX); the operation and maintenance
costs are equal to 1,5% of the cost of PV plant; GSE and measurement fees are equal to 0.
 The inflation rate for costs is equal to 2%; the inflation rate for revenues is equal to 1%

Based on the information above, the candidate should

 calculate the operating profit for a PV plant at the year 5;
 comment the simplified approach adopted.

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QUESTION 1 OF 3
Day-ahead market: the candidate should describe:
 the main characteristics of the Italian market;
 with a simple example the day-ahead unconstrained market clearing (clearing
price&quantity);
 and the relevant optimization problem (the producer surplus, the consumer surplus and the
social welfare).

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QUESTION 2 OF 3
Connection rules for power plants: the candidate should describe:
 shallow costs/deep costs approach;
 the rules for connection to LV and MV networks (time schedule and responsibilities, the
connection charges formula);
 the procedure to request a connection (TSO/DSO/ network users).

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QUESTION 3 OF 3
Hosting capacity approach: the candidate should describe:
 the three nodal operating limits;
 the reverse power flow issue;
 the Interface Protection Relay issues (both local and system) and the possible solution.

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