MODULE 11

THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

 Sanitary or Soil Drainage System

 Waste Drainage System
 Vent System
 Storm Drainage System

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 The Drainage System
 Drainage System includes all the pipings within
public or private premises which convey sewage
or other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal
but does not include the mains of a public sewer
system or a public sewage treatment or disposal
plant. (Sec. 205.10 NPC 1999)

 It is also known as the DWV System (Drainage,

Waste and Vent).
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 Types of Wastes in the Drainage System:
 Types of Wastes
1. Liquid Waste – is the discharge from any fixture, appliance
or appurtenance in connection with a plumbing system
which does not receive fecal matter. (Sec. 213.8
NPC 1999)
2. Sanitary Sewage – the wastewater containing human
excrement and liquid household waste. Also called domestic
sewage. (Sec. 220.2 NPC 1991)
3. Industrial Waste – any and all liquid or water-borne waste
from industrial or commercial processes, except domestic
sewage. (Sec. 210.3 NPC 1999)

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 Other Drainage Terms and Definitions:
 Fixture – a receptacle other than a trap attached to a
plumbing system in which water may be collected or
retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
 Sewage – any wastewater containing animal or vegetable
matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids
containing chemicals in solution.
 Sewer – a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and
wastewater.
 Sewerage or Sewerage Works – a comprehensive term,
including all constructions for collection, transportation,
pumping, treatment and final disposition of sewage.

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SEWAGE SPILLS:
are caused by clogged
pipes or too much
waste flow.

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The 4 Major Components of the Drainage System:
 Sanitary or Soil Drainage  Vent System – The piping installed to
System – the piping that provide a flow of air to or from a
conveys the discharge of water drainage system or to provide a
closets or fixtures having circulation of air within such system to
similar functions (containing protect trap seals from siphonage and
fecal matter), with or without back pressure.
the discharges from other  Storm Drainage System - the
fixtures. piping system that receives clear water
 Waste Drainage System – drainage from leaders, downspouts,
the piping that receives the surface runoff, ground water,
liquid discharge from subsurface water, condensate water,
plumbing fixtures other than cooling water or other similar
water closets. It is free of discharges and conveys them to the
fecal matter. point of disposal. All sanitary wastes
6 Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU must not be included in this system.
 Storm Drainage
System: Downspout,
Catch Basin & Storm pipe

Vent System: Main

Vent Stack & Vent Stack
Waste Drainage System:
Thru Roof (VSTR)
Waste pipe from Kitchen
sink

Sanitary Drainage
System: Soil pipe from
water closet and other
fixtures

Points of Disposal
Private Treatment
Facility: Septic Tank

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 Terms and Definitions in the DWV System:
 Building Drain – is that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a
drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste &
other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building & conveys it
to the building sewer beginning 600 mm outside the building
wall. It is also known as House Drain.
 Building Sewer – is that part of the horizontal piping of a
drainage system which starts from the end of the building drain &
receives the discharge of the building drain & conveys it to the
public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system or
other point of disposal.
 House Sewer – is that part of a plumbing system extending from
the house drain at a point 600 mm from the outside face of the
foundation wall of a building to the conjunction with the street
sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of
one building site.
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  Waste pipe – a pipe which conveys only wastewater or liquid waste, free of fecal
matter.
 Soil pipe – any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures
having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the
building drain or building sewer.
 Soil Stack pipe – A vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and wastewater.
 Vent pipe – a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing
system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
 Vent Stack – the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air
to and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
 Stack Vent – the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain
connected to the stack.
 Stack Vent Through Roof (SVTR) – the uppermost end of the stack vent above
the roof.
 Branch Vent – a horizontal vent connecting one or more individual vertical back
vents with the vent stack or stack vent.

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TRAPS permit
waste & VENTS protect the water
wastewater to seals in traps and permit
enter the drainage them to operate effectively.
system & prevent By admitting air to the
any sewer gases system, vents permit
from entering the atmospheric pressure on
house. The water both sides of the trap seal
seal utilizes a to be maintained, and
portion of the permit air to enter at the
wastewater to act same time as gases escape
as a barrier. the drainage system.
Cleanout

SOIL STACKS &

Cleanout
WASTE LINES
carry wastes such as hair,
lint, grease, food scraps,
etc. Because of this
function, cleanouts
should be located so that
the entire system can be
opened up if necessary.
Cleanout
The DWV System combines the use of
TRAPS, VENTS, WASTE LINES and SOIL
STACKS & LINES
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LINES are bigger in
diameter than the waste
lines, except at ground
floor or basement
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 VSTR or SVTR

Branch Vent Vent Stack

Individual Vent
or Back Vent
Wall Cleanout
Lavatory Waste Pipe
Water
600 mm from Closet
foundation wall
Auxiliary
Floor Drain Shower Floor Drain
Floor
Cleanout House Drain
or Building
Drain

Sanitary or Soil Pipe

Cleanout
House Sewer or
Building Sewer
Cleanout
Cleanout

Digestive
Chamber
Holding
Chamber
The DWV SYSTEM
To point of Disposal Septic Tank

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 Fixture Pipe Joint
Details

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 DWV Pipes and Fittings: Materials
 Excreta Drainage pipings  Drainage Fittings shall be of:
shall be; 1. Cast Iron
1. Cast Iron 2. Malleable Iron
2. Ductile Iron 3. Lead
3. Galvanized Steel 4. Brass
4. Galvanized Wrought Iron 5. Copper
5. Lead 6. ABS
6. Copper 7. PVC
7. Brass 8. Vitrified Clay
8. PVC DWV Series 1000
9. Extra-strength Vitrified
Clay Pipe

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 CAST IRON SOIL PIPES (CISP)
SPIGOT – the end Cast Iron Soil Pipe – is made from an alloy of iron, carbon& silicon,
of a pipe which fits with the controlled amounts of manganese, sulfur & phosphorous.
into a bell. This is primarily used for sanitary drain, waste and storm water
systems.

BELL or HUB –
that portion of a
pipe which, for a Classification of CISP
short distance, is 1. Class A – Extra Heavy (XH) – is often
sufficiently used for underground applications.
enlarge to receive 2. Class B – Service Weight (SV) – is used
the end of for general building installations.
another pipe of
the same
Telescoping Length: 64mm diameter for the
(2-1/2”) to 108mm (4-1/4”) purpose of Properties of CISP
making a caulked
or push-on joint.
 Available Diameter (Nominal I.D.): 2”, 3”,
4”, 5”, 6”, 8”, 12”, and 15”
 Length: 1500mm (5’) and 3000mm (10’)
Hydrostatic Test:
345 kPa (50 psi) for Service Weight
690 kPa (100 psi) for Extra Heavy)

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Cast Iron Soil Pipe

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Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP) Fittings

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 DRAINAGE, WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM
DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS
SAMPLE PROJECT

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 End of Presentation

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