University of Louisville Name:

Instructor: Sam Park 09-24-2014

MEEN 310- Thermodynamics II

Exam 1
Equation Sheet

Conservation of Mass
. .

Conservation of Energy for an Open System
. .
Ʃ Ʃ
2 2

Entropy 

s  s f  x( s g  s f )
Mixture of water‐vapor                                  

Compressed liquid  s (T , p )  s f (T )

w pump  v1 P2  P1 
(Pump Work) 

Heat Engine or Cycle Efficiency 
Net Work Output
  
Heat Energy Input
  
W Woutput QH  QL Q
 
output
   1 L
QH QH QH QH


Conservation of Mass
. .

Conservation of Energy for an Open System
. .
Ʃ Ʃ
2 2

Entropy Rate Balance for Control Volumes 
dS cv Q j
   m i si   m e se  S gen
dt j T j i inlet e  exit
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Irreversibility
I  X destroyed  T0 S gen  W rev, out  W u, out  W u, in  W rev, in

Exergy balance equation

 T0   dVCV  dX CV
 1  T  Qk  W  P0
 dt 
  
m i i   
m e e  
X destroyed 
 k  dt

Exergy rate balance for control volumes at steady state

Specific flow exergy at the inlet or exit

Second-Law efficiency

E x e rg y re c o v e re d E x e rg y d e s tro y e d
 II   1 
E x e rg y s u p p lie d E x e rg y s u p p lie d

Grading Table
Points Test
1 50
2 50
Bonus Point 20
Total 120
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(Notes: Need to answer ALL part A and Part B, please write all your answers at next page).

1. (Part A) An adiabatic steam turbine operates with inlet conditions of 100 bars and
520 oC and exit conditions of a saturated vapor at 3 bars. Kinetic-and potential-energy
changes may be neglected, and the environmental state is 300 K and 1 bar. Determine
a. The actual work output
b. The reversible (maximum) work output, and
c. The availability (exergy) of the exit stream, all answers in kJ/kg.

(Part B) With same conditions of Part A, now the turbine has a heat loss of 40.0 kJ/kg, not
an adiabatic turbine anymore, occurs to the environment, determine

d. The irreversibility (exergy destruction) within the turbine, answer in kJ/kg,

(Assuming Tb (boundary temperature) which is the average of the inlet-and outlet-
fluid temperature)
e. The second-law efficiency of the device.
(Notes: For partial credits, please fill out the below table).

State T [ oC] P [bar] h[kJ/kg] s[kJ/kg K]

0 (Environment Condition)

1 (Turbine Inlet)

2 (Turbine Outlet)
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Answer a): The actual work output= [kJ/kg]

Answer b): Maximum work output= [kJ/kg].

Answer c): Exergy at the exit stream = [kJ/kg].

Answer d): Exergy destruction= [kJ/kg].

Answer e): Second-law efficiency = .