Annotated Bibliography

Secondary Sources

Colley, Eleanor, and Sarah Jones. “Galileo and His Relationship with the Church.” Galileo and
His Relationship with the Church, 9 Dec. 1999, users.sussex.ac.uk/~desw/galileo/life/eands.html.

This website gave us a better understanding of Galileo and his conflict with the church,
and aided our research because its information coincided with the information on the
other resources about Galileo and the church.

Contributor, Nola Taylor Redd Space.com. “Galileo Galilei: Biography, Inventions & Other
Facts.” Space.com, 14 Nov. 2017, www.space.com/15589-galileo-galilei.html.

This website allowed us to find more details on Galileo’s contribution to the world today;
More specifically how he greatly improved on the telescope. Galileo was the first to see
craters on the moon using this telescope, as well.

Heliocentric System. Edited by Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica,

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 9 Aug. 2016, www.britannica.com/topic/heliocentric-system.

This website described the heliocentric theory and the philosophers/ scientists who
reinforced the theories; This was used in our project as basis for the heliocentric theory
which Galileo supported.

History.com. “Galileo Is Convicted of Heresy.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 21

Apr. 2012, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/galileo-is-convicted-of-heresy.

This website described Galileo’s persecution and how he was put understand permanent
house arrest for his support of the heliocentric theory (which the Church greatly
opposed).

Henderson, Thomas H. “What Were Galileo's Scientific and Biblical Conflicts with the
Church?” GALILEO - What Were Galileo's Scientific and Biblical Conflicts with the Church? •
ChristianAnswers.Net, ChristianAnswers.Net, 4 Feb. 1996, christiananswers.net/q-
eden/galileo.html.

This website was a major work that described Galileo's conviction on suspicion of heresy
and a lifetime house arrest.
Santillana, Giorgio De. The Crime of Galileo. Time-Life Books, 1981.

This book (pages 258-260) described in full detail how Galileo supporting the geocentric
theory was so conflicting and why it ruined Galileo’s career.

O'Neill, Tim. “Why was the Catholic Church so opposed to heliocentrism (for example, in the
Renaissance)? Why did they not simply claim that God lived in the Sun, so we go around Him?”
Quora, Quora, 2 July 2016, www.quora.com/Why-was-the-Catholic-Church-so-opposed-to-
heliocentrism-for-example-in-the-Renaissance-Why-did-they-not-simply-claim-that-God-lived-
in-the-Sun-so-we-go-around-Him.

The entry on this forum, made by Tim O’Neill answered our question on why the
Catholic Church opposed the heliocentric theory; The Catholic Church opposed the
heliocentric theory made by Galileo because it went against the Bible, or so the Church
thought. According to the Church, the Bible said that (through the Church’s
interpretation), the Earth had to be the center of the cosmos because man was the
pinnacle of all creation. So, I used this source to describe why the Catholic Church was
so against the heliocentric theory.

Madrid, Patrick. “The Papacy and Galileo.” Catholic Education Resource Center, 29 Apr. 2000,
www.catholiceducation.org/en/controversy/common-misconceptions/the-papacy-and-
galileo.html.

This website helped out with our research, for it explained that one of the reasons for
Galileo’s persecution was that Galileo had already gone against the Church twice.

Wilhelm, Joseph. "Heresy." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton
Company, 1910. 3 Jan. 2018 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07256b.htm>.

This website gave us a better understanding of the term “heresy” and what it means to the
church, which gave us a better understanding of why the Church persecuted Galileo.

Williams, Matt. “What Is The Geocentric Model Of The Universe? - Universe Today.” Google,
Google, 4 Jan. 2016, www.google.com/amp/s/www.universetoday.com/32607/geocentric-
model/amp/.

This website went more in detail about the geocentric model, and what models reinforced
the heliocentric theory, and who supported it.
Wolf, Jessica. “The truth about Galileo and his conflict with the Catholic Church.” UCLA
Newsroom , Office of Media Relations, 22 Dec. 2016, newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/the-truth-
about-galileo-and-his-conflict-with-the-catholic-church.

This website described how Galileo presented his theory about a heliocentric galaxy, and
how the Catholic Church classified it as a heresy. This article helped our research because
we used the information we garnered as the “conflict” in our project: The conflict being
how Galileo’s heliocentric theory was seen as blasphemy.

“ Galileo Galilei Biography.” Edited by Thefamouspeople.com, THEFAMOUSPEOPLE,

Thefamouspeople.com, 27 Dec. 2016, www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/galileo-galilei-
123.php.

This website provided background information on Galileo. We used this website to

gather information about Galileo’s early life, teaching years, and his eventual house
arrest.

Primary Sources
Encyclopedia, Britannica. Ptolemy, 16 Mar. 2000,
abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/ptolemy.html.

This website had a picture of a drawing of the ptolemaic model, which we included in our
website.

Linder, Douglas. “Trial of Galileo Galilei.” Trial of Galileo Galilei, 1996 June 2002,
law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/galileo.html.

This website provided a painting of Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition (Galileo’s
trial), which we used in our website to give the viewer an insight to the end of Galileo’s
liberty.

Collection, Kean. “Portrait Of Galileo.” Getty Images, 2 Jan. 1754,

www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/engraved-portrait-of-italian-physicist-and-astronomer-
news-photo/2747184?et=6IiXbC1fRaJJ-
xs1TsJUBw&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fcnu.libguides.com%2Fc.php%3Fg%3D23214%26p%
3D137872#engraved-portrait-of-italian-physicist-and-astronomer-galilei-galileo-picture-
id2747184.
This website provided a portrait of Galileo Galilei, which we included in our website, so
that the viewer can see what Galileo looked like.