KHOA HOC COHO N O H j

NGHlClXI CUU d a c D|£m Dl TRUYfelV PHAlM LOAI CHIM Y flV

[AERODRAMUS FUCIPHAGUS.] T A I V I$T IXIAM
Ld Htru HoM g 1, D^ng Thuy Binh2, Nguydn Thj Anh Thu2

t 6 m t At
Truoc thuc trang phat tri^n ngh£ nu6i chim ydn tai Vidt Nam nhu hidn nay, trdn co so dd tai nghidn cuu
khoa hoc cip Nha nuoc “N ghiin cuu ca sa khoa hqc va d i x u it cAc giai phap phat triSn bin vung nghi
nudi chim yin tai V iit Nam ” Cong ty Y£n sio Khanh Hoa la don vi chu tri phoi hgp voi Vi£n Cong ngh$
Sinh hpc v i M6i truing, Tru in g Dai hpc Nha Trang thuc hidn nghidn cuu dac di£m di truydn phin loai
chim y£n tai Vi£t Nam, thdi gian tu thing 01/2012 d£n 6/2013. Chim yin (giong Aerodramus) l i loai chim
co g ii tri kinh t i cao tir nguon to y£n thu dupe. M iu chim yin dupe thu tir 4 khu vuc: Khinh H6a, Dong
Nai, Kidn Giang v i Con Dao. C iy phit sinh loai dugc x iy dyng dvra W n 4 thuit toin, Maximum Parsimony
v i Maximum Likelihood, Neightbour Joining va Bayesian Inference sir dung trinh tu gien Cytochrome b
(Cytb) cua ADN ti the? (AmtDN) cua cic phan loai chim yen thupc loii Aerodramu fuciphagus. Ket hpp voi
cic trinh tu tir GenBank, mang luoi haplotype duoc xay dung dua trdn phan m£m Network sir dung tinh
ning Network Draw. Ket qua cho thiy chim ydn d Vi?t Nam phan thinh 3 nhom Ion. Trong d6, cac miu
y£n tir Kidn Giang va Trang Bom - Dong Nai dupe sip xdp cung c ic phin loii A fuciphagus amechanus va
A. fuciphagus vestitus. M iu y£n Khinh H6a v i Con Dao co su phin tich rO r£t vdi c ic phin loii y«fn T rin g
Bom - Dong Nai, Kidn Giang v i du li£u c ic phin loii tir Genbank. Haplotype chung dupe chia se boi cic
quin th£ yin nha Khinh Hda, Trang Bom - Dong Nai, Kidn Giang v i cic phin loii vestitus, germani v i
amechanus. Phan tich dua trdn gien Cytb cua mtADN cho thiy quin th£ ydn d Trang Bom - Dong Nai c6
th£ co nguon goc tir phin loii A fuciphagus vestitus, quin th£ b Kidn Giang co th£ c6 nguon g6c tir phin
loii A fuciphagus amechanus, quin th£ 6 Khinh H6a v i Con Dao c6 kha ning l i phin loii d$c huu 6 Vi£t
Nam.
Tir khda: Aerodramus, Cytb mtADN, da dang di truySn.

1 . DAT VAN BE fuciphagus), ap nor chim yin nhan tao, nudi chim
trong nhi dd lay to, di din v i nhin din chim ydn do
Chim ydn (Apodidae: Collocaliini) la loai chim
Cong ty Ydn Sio Khinh H6a thuc hidn thinh cdng tir
nho, Sn con trung, phan bo trdn khip khu vuc tir Uc
nam 2004 vdi bi quydt ky thuit di din (Nguyen v i cs,
Chau, An Do Duong ddn Nam Thai Binh Duong.
2002; Nguydn Khoa Didu Thu v i cs, 2009; h i Huu
Chung thuong lam to trong cic hang dong va co thd
Hoing va cs, 2010). Hidn nay cic nghidn cuu vd da
dinh vi bang tidng vang (Koon va Cranbrook 2002;
dang di truydn v i cau true quan thd cua chim ydn or
Nguyen va cs, 2002).
muc do phin tu tai Vidt Nam v i trdn thd gidi vin con
Trdn thd gidi, nhidu nghidn cuu tap trung vao nhidu han chd (Lee v i cs, 1996).
moi quan hd phit sinh loai chim ydn (Le v i cs, 1996;
Vide phan tich moi quan hd phit sinh loii chim
Thomassen v i cs, 2003, 2005; Thomassen v i Povel,
ydn dua trdn cic die didm hinh thii (hinh dang, miu
2006; Parkert v i cs, 2012), tap tinh song cua chim
sic, hinh vi tap tinh, khi nang djnh vi bang tidng
ydn (Fullard v i cs, 2010) v i su tidn h6a cua djnh vi
vang...) doi khi lai cho kdt qua khong chinh xic, die
bang ti^ng vang (Price v i cs, 2004, 2005). Nhung
bidt l i doi vdi cic loii co moi quan hd gan gui vi
nghien cuu v i chim y£n a Vidt Nam phdn 16n dirpc
chung cd nhidu die didm hinh thii giong nhau (Price
thuc hidn 6 muc do khio sit, thu thip miu v i tu lidu
v i cs, 2005). Vi viy, vide su dung cic chi thi phin tu
lidn quan phin loai, mo ta hinh thii, g ii tri kinh ti
dd dinh danh loii v i xic dinh mpt cich chinh xic
cua phin loii chim y£n hing (Aerodramus
quan hd phit sinh loii cung nhu da dang di truydn l i
di£u rat can thidt Vide xay dyng ciy da dang loii c6
1Cong ty TNHH Nha nuoc mpt thinh vien Yen sio Khinh thd dua trdn phin tich trinh tu mpt gien ho$c mpt hp
Hoa gien. Tuy nhidn, du lidu phan tich cung c6 thi ma
2Vi$n Cdng ngh$ sinh hpc v i Moi trudng, Trudng D$i hpc
Nha Trang

NONG NGHlfP VA PHATTRlffN N&NG T H d N -K Y 2 -T H A N G 1/2014 77

 KHOA HOC CONG N G H t

rong hon, chang han k£t hop nhi^u gien hoac nhi£u
vung ADN khac nhau (Lee va cs, 1996).
Nghien cuu nay nham xay dung cay phat sinh
loai cho cac cac phan loai chim yen, tir do phat hien
va xac dinh moi quan he phat sinh loai cua cac quan
the chim yen a cac khu vuc dia li cr Viet Nam, phuc
vu cho cong tac bao ton, quy hoach khai thac tai
nguyen to chim y£n.
2. VAT LJEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHEN CUU
tir mau long, 5 (J 10X Dream Taq Buffer. 0._j mM
moi loai dNTP, 2 nl moi moi (10 mM), 2 mM MgCl2,
1 don vi Taq polymeraza (5 U/1|J) va nuoc cho du
thi tich.
Phan ung dupe chay tren may luan nhiet Icycler
(Bio-Rad) theo chu tnnh nhiet do: b^n trnh ban dau
tai 95°C trong 3 phut sau do la 35 chu ky cua 95°C
trong 30 giay, 54°C trong 30 giay, 72°C trong 1 phut
cuoi cung la buoc keo dai 72°C trong 15 phiit

2.1. D6i tupng, dja dilm v i phuong phAp thu 23. Gidi trinh tu gien
miu San pham PCR dupe tinh sach bdng bp kit
Doi tuong nghi£n cuu la loai chim y£n cho to Wizard SV Gel and PCR clean-up Sytem cua
trdng an duoc Aerodramus fuciphagus. Mau chim Promega theo huong ddn cua nha san xudt va su
yen dao dupe thu tai Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa (dao dung lam khuon true tiep cho phan ung tjln gidi
Hon Noi A2 -10 mau, dao Hon Mun A6 - 13 mau) va trinh tu theo nguyen tdc dye-labelled dideoxy
Con Dao (03 mau). Yen nha thu tai Nha Trang - terminator (Big Dye® Terminator v3.1, Applied
Khanh Hoa (ca scr 155 Thong Nhat -15 mau), Trang Biosystems) vcri cac doan moi tuong tu nhu phan ung
Bom - Dong Nai (16 mau) va Kien Giang (17 mau) PCR, theo chuong trinh nhiet nhu sau: 96°C trong 20
(Hinh 1). giay, 50°C trong 20 giay va 60°C trong 4 phut. San
pham phan ung duoc phan tich tren may phan tich
trinh tu tu dong ABI Prism® 3700 ADN Analyser
(Applied Biosystems). Cac trinh tu dupe ket noi bang
ky thuat Contig Express trong phan mem package
Vector NTI v.ll(lnforMax Inc.).
2.4. Phin tich da dang di truydn cua chim y(a
2.4.1. Da dang haplotype
Trinh tu cua chim yen loai A, fucifagus dupe xac
nham bdng chuong trinh BLAST
Hinh 1: Ban d6 khu vuc thu miu chim y£n (.http://blastncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blastcgi,). Cac trinh
Mau chim yen dupe su dung gom mau long va tu dupe chinh sira bdng phan mim Sequencher 4.0.4
mau ca chim yen non. Mau sau khi thu true tiep tu (Gene Codes Corporation, 2002) vd dong hang bdng
chim yen dupe cho vao tui ni long co mi ghep, sau do phan mim Clustal X v.1.8 (Thompson va cs, 1994).
bao quan lanh a -40°C. Da dang di truyen (Genetic diversity) giua cac
22. Tdch chilt ADN vd nhan gien bing ky thu$tquan the dupe tinh bdng tong so haplotype (k), so
PCR luong cua vi tri da hinh - polymorphic sites (s), da
dang haplotype - haplotype diversity (d) vd da Hang
ADN tong so duoc tach chiet tir phan cuong
nucleotit - nucleotide diversity ( n ) , so dot bien (n)
long, mo ca thit cua timg ca thi chim yen bang bo kit
Megazorb® ADN Mini-Prep Kit theo huong dan cua su dung phan mem ADNsp v 4.0 (Rozas vd cs, 2003).
nha san xuat Doan gien Cytb AmtDN dupe nhan 2.4.2. XAy dung c iy phdt »inh lodi
dong su dung cap moi gom moi xuoi FW1 5’-GGG
Cac phan tich dupe thuc hien dua tren tap hpp
GGA TTC TCA GTA GAC AA-3’ (Thomassen va cs,
cac trinh tu gien Cyb mtADN cua chim yin, bao gom
2003) va moi nguoc RV2 5-TCT TTG GTT TAC AAA
74 trinh tu tir nghien cuu hien tai bao gom 38 man
CCA AT-3’ (Desjardins va Morais, 1990).
dai dien cho yen Khanh Hoa (bao gom ca yin dao vd
Phan ung PCR dupe tien hanh voi tong thi tich yen nhd), 16 mau dai dien cho khu vuc T ra n g Bom -
50 ^1 gom: 1 ^1 khuon ADN d6i voi ADN tach chiet tir Dong Nai, 17 mau dai dien cho khu vuc Kien Giang,
mau co hoac 5 ^1 khuon ADN doi vdi ADN tach chiet 03 mau dai dien cho khu vuc Cdn Dao vd trinh tu cua

78 N6N G NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN N6N G TH6N - KY 2 - THANG \rx\\A

 KHOA HQC COHO H O H l

cac phan loai yin A fuciphagus vestitus, A fuciphagus terraereginae dirge sir dung lam nhom
fuciphagus germani, A fuciphagus amechanus dugc ngoai (Lee va cs, 1996). Tnnh tu sir dung trong nghidn
liy tir GenBank. Trinh tu cua phan loai yin A ciru dugc th£ hifen cu the a bang 1.
Bing 1: Th6ng tin v l trinh tu Cytochome b AmtDN cua due loii yin v i khu vuc thu miu sir dgng trong
_______________nghidn cuu__________________________________________
Trinh tu Khu vuc thu miu Ngudn tham khio
Y01A2, Y02A2, Y05A2, Y06A2, Y07A2, Y08A2, Dao Hon Noi - Dao yen A2, Khanh Hoa Nghifen cuu hifen tai
Y09A2, Y10A2, Y11A2, Y12A2
Y01A6, Y02A6, Y03A6 Dao H6n Mun - Dao yen A6, Khanh Hoa Nghifen cuu hifen tai
Y01CD, Y04CD, Y13CD Con Dao, Vung Tau Nghifen cuu hifen tai
Y01TN, Y02TN, Y04TN, Y05TN, Y07TN, 155 Thong Nhat, Nha Trang, Khanh H6a Nghifen cuu hifen tai
Y08TN, Y09TN, Y10TN, Y11TN, Y12TN,
Y13TN, Y14TN, Y15TN, Y16TN, Y17TN
Y01TB, Y02TB, Y03TB, Y04TB, Y05TB, Trang Bom - Dong Nai Nghifen ciru hifen tai
Y06TB, Y07TB, Y08TB, Y09TB. Y10TB,
Y11TB, Y12TB, Y14TB, Y15TB, Y18TB, Y19TB
Y02KG, Y04KG, Y07KG, Y08KG, Y09KG, Kifen Giang Nghifen ciru hifen tai
Y10KG, Y11KG, Y12KG, Y13KG, Y14KG,
Y16KG, Y17KG, Y18KG, Y20KG, Y21KG,
Y22KG, Y23KG
A fuciphagus amechanus (EU594262, Malaysia Rahman va cs, 2008,
EU594263, EU594264) dang ki true tifep
Malaysia Rahman vi cs, 2008,
A fuciphagusgermani (EU594265, EU594268)
dang ki true tifep
Indonesia Rahman vi cs, 2008,
A. fuciphagus vestitus (EU594269, EU594270)
dang ki true tilp
A fuciphagus terraereginae Price va cs, 2004,2005
(AY294451, AY294452, AY2944530
dugc ap dung. Tuy nhifen, doi vdi thuit toin ML, do
Bing 2: Cic thdng s6 cua qui trinh phin tich cic
lap lai la 100. Trudc khi tiln hanh thuat toin ML va
trinh tu v i md hinh tiln h6a (best-fit models) dugc
BI, cac md hinh tiln hda phu hgp dugc kilm tra
lua chgn boi phin mim Modeltest 3.7, su dung tinh
bing phan mim Modeltest 3.7 (Posada v i Crandall,
________ ning tifeu chuin thdng tin Akaike________
1998) va MrModeltest 2.2 (Nylander, 2004). Cic
Thdng sd Cytb AmtDN
thong so v l mo hinh v i thuat toin su dung dugc
Tdng sd trinh tu 74 trinh bay d bang 2.
Tdng sd nucleotit ddng hing 567
Ddi vdi thuat toan BI, cac md hinh thay thi dug«c
V| tri khdng ddi 525
tinh toin. Chuong trinh dugc chay trfen 4 kfenh vdi 1
Vi tri khong mang thong tin 5
trifeu thi hfe, vdi tan suat tinh toin trfen 100 thi hfe.
Vj tri mang thdng tin 37 Phin tich dugc lap lai 2 lan d l xic djnh dg chinh xic
Md hinh tiln hda phu hgp nhit TrN+G cua phuong phip phin tich (so sinh su tuong tu cua
Tan suit cin bang nucleotit 0.2622,0.3961 cic thdng sd likelihood). Cac ciy dat dugc trudc khi
(A,C,G,T) 0.1098,0.2318 thong sd likelihood dat do on djnh sfe bj loai bo bang
Phin tich dugc tiln hinh dua trfen 4 thuat toin chuc nang bumin (10,000 ciy). G ii trj tin cay
maximum parsimony (M P), maximum likelihood (Posterior probability) dugc bilu hifen trfen cic nhinh
(ML), Neightbour joining (NJ) v i Bayesian cua ciy tiln hda (Huelsenbeck v i Ronquist, 2001).
inference (BD bing cic phin mim PAUP 4.0 G ii trj bootstrap (BT) dugc tinh toin d l xic dinh
(Swofford, 2001), Mega 5.0 (Kumar v i cs, 2001) va tinh chinh x ic cua thuat toin MP vdi dg lap lai 1000.
MrBayes 3.1.2 (Huelsenbeck v i Ronquist, 2001). C iy da dang loii dugc hiln thj v i hi|u chinh bang
Doi vdi thuit toin MP, 1000 d0 l$p l$i ngiu nhifen phin mlmTreeView 1.6.6 (Page, 1996).

N 6NG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N6NG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2014 79

 KHOA HOC CONG N G H l
2.4.3. X iy dung mang ludi haplotype (Haplotype
network)
De xay dung haplotype network, sir dung phan
mim Network 4.6.1 (Bandelt va cs, 1999); phan mim
nay su dung ket noi mang du lieu dau vao duoc tao ra
tir phan mim DnaSPv5 va sir dung thuat toan Median
Joining d l tinh, chue nang Draw Network cho phep tu
dong ve ra mang luoi haplotype.
I . (ET QUA ft THAO LUAN
3.1. Da dang haplotype
Trong so 74 trinh tu gien thu dupe crKhanh Hoa, Con
Dao, Trang Bom - Dong Nai va Kien Giang va 10 trinh tu
tir Genbank quan sal co 11 haplotype voi da dang
haplotype (h = 0,780tt0,036), da dang nucleotit 71 =
0,00878, so lupng v| tri da hinh (polymorphic sites) s = 17,
so dot biln r\ = 18. Trong do, yin Khanh Hoa co 6
haplotype, Cdn Dao co 2 haplotype, Trang Bom -
Dong Nai co 5 haplotype va Kien Giang co 2
haplotype. Haplotype chung (ancestor haplotype) dupe
chia se boi cac quan thi, bao gom Trang Bom - Dong
Nai (11), Ki6n Giang (12), yin nha Khanh Hoa (2),
A f. amechanus (2), A f. germani (2), A f. vestitus
(1). Yin dao Khanh Hoa va Cdn Dao khong chia se
haplotype chung voi cac quan thi con lai (Hinh 2B).
32. X&y dung c iy da dang loii
K it qua pham tich doi vdi du lieu trinh tu gien
Cytb cua ADN ti thi (Cytb mtDNA) dua tren phuong
phap MP, ML, NJ va BI cho k it qua tuong tu v l cay
phat sinh loai. K it qua dupe trinh bay d hinh 2A voi
cay phat sinh loai thu dupe tu phan tich NJ vdi gia tri
BT cua thuat toan MP, NJ va BI dupe bilu hien tren
cac nhanh. Mang ludi haplotype cua cac phan loai
yen A fuciphagus duoc trinh bay d hinh 2B.
Qua hinh 2 A 3 cho thay, co 3 nhom ldn hien
dien tren cay da dang loai:
Nhdm 1: Trong nhom 1 co su xuat hien cua cac
ca thi yin Khanh Hda (dao yin A2, A6, 155 Thong
Nhat, Nha Trang) va Cdn Dao. Cung trong nhom nay
co sir phin tach thanh 3 nhom nho hon (nhom 1.1,
nhom 1.2 va nhom 1.3), day co thi la su phan tach
giua nhom yin dao va yin nha d Khanh Hoa. Nhom
1.3 chi bao gom cac c i thi tir Cdn Dao, co sir phin
tach vdi quin thi yin dao Khinh Hoa.
Nh6m 2: Bao gom mau yin Trang Bom - Dong
Nai co moi quan he gan gui vdi phin loai A £
vestitus. Yin Kien Giang xlp chung vdi phin loii A
{. amechanus.
80 NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG TH6N - KY 2 - THANG 1/20U
y
i
ii
Hinh 2: (A): C iy phit sinh loii dya tren gien Cytb
AmtDN cua chim yin Aerodramus fuciphagus diu
tai Viet Nam; A terraereginae dupe su dung lim
nh6m ngoii (outgroup). C ic g ii tri bootstrap (phin
tich MP, NJ v i BI) dupe bilu thj tren c ic nhinh; (B):
Mang ludi haplotype cua cic phin loii chim yin
(miu sic m6 t i theo cic vimg dja li)
Nh6m 3: Gom cic miu yin Tring Bom - Dong
Nai, Kien Giang va cic miu yen tir Malaysia (A /
amechanus, A f. germani.), Indonesia (A / vestitud).
Nhom nay phin tich thanh 2 nhom nho, nhom 3.1
gom cic mau yen tir Trang Bom - Dong Nai trong khi
nhom 3.2 tip trung nhilu khu vuc hon, gom cic miu
yen Kien Giang, Trang Bom - Dong Nai va ca 3 phan
loai yen (A f. amechanus, A L vestitus, A t germani,).
Nhu vay, ket qui tir nghien cuu cho thiy quin
thi chim yin tai khu vuc Khinh Hoa v i Cdn Dio
tach rieng ra thinh mot nhom khac vdi yin Trang
Bom - Dong Nai, Kien Giang v i cac trinh tu chim yin
tir GenBank thuoc 3 phin loai germani, vestitus v i
amechanus. Dua tren cic dan lieu di truyln, cd khi
ndng day l i mot phan loii mdi. S6 lupng man khu
vuc Cdn Dao trong nghien cuu n iy cdn it (03 miu - 2
haplotype) nhung cung cho thay su phin tach voi
yen nha d Trang Bom - Dong Nai v i Kien Giang.
Dong thdi, tir nhom 2 co thi thiy mau rhim yin
tai Trang Bom - Dong Nai co kha nang cd ngudn goc
tir phin loii A fuciphagus vestitus, miu chim yin t?i
Kien Giang c6 kha nang co ngu6n g6c tir phin loii A
fuciphagus amechanus.
C ic trinh tu su dung diu thu$c v l loai chim yin
A fuciphagus nen cac c i th i d khu vuc Trang Bom -
Dong Nai, Kien Giang cung nhu cic trinh tu yin liy
tir Genbank (nguon goc tir Malaysia v i Indonesia)
chia se 1 haplotype 16 tien. Tuy nhien, quin thi yin
dao Khanh Hda v i Cdn Dao khdng cd su hien riifti cua
haplotype nay.
 KHOA HOC COHO N G H I

Theo Nguyen va cs (2002), d Vifet Nam ton tai dilu kifen tu nhifen tai dao Cu Lao Cham, Hoi An
ph^n loai yfen A f. germani. Phan loai nay cung duoc Quang Nam. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghfe Dai
tim thay d Thai Lan va bifen giai Miln Difen va hoc Da Nang.
Philippin, trong khi do, phan loai amechanus phan bo 2. Lfe Huu Hoang va cong su, 2010. Buoc dau
dMaalysiava phan bo a Indonesia. nghifen cuu ap nuoi nhan tao chim yfen hang
Theo kit qua cua nghidn cuu hifen tai, yfen nha Aerodramus fuciphagus amechanus lam cd sd khoa
thu tai Trang Bom - Dong Nai co moi quan hfe gan hoc cho vifec phat triln dan chim yfen trong nha a
gui vai phan loai A fuciphagus vestitus nguon goc a Khanh Hoa. Bao cao de tai nghifen cuu khoa hpc tinh.
Indonesia, mau yfen tai Kifen Giang chia se cac kilu 3. Nguyfen Khoa Difeu Thu, Nguyfen Phuong Nam.
gien chung vai phan loai A fuciphagus amechanus. Dang Van Nguyfen, Nguyfen Xuan Mai, Nguyln Van
Yfen nha tai Khanh Hoa co kifeu gien chung phu hpp Tuyfen, 2009. Nghifen cuu nuoi thu nghifem chim yfen
voi ca 3 phan loai, tuy nhifen, yfen dao cho thay sir trong nha dl lay td tai ban dao Phuong Mai, Binh Dinh.
phan tach rO rfet. Xet v l goc do dia li, yfen nha d Kifen
4. Nguyfen Quang Phach, 1993. Co sb sinh hpc
Giang c6 thi do phan loai yfen amechanus b Malaysia
cua vifec khai thac hpp ly, bao vfe va phat triln ngudn
dfen sinh song va yin Trang Bom - Dong Nai co thi
lpi chim yfen hang ( Collocalia fudphaga germani
xuat phat tir cac phan loai yfen vestitus tai Indonesia.
Oustalet) d Vifet Nam.
Do tap tinh cua loai chim yfen, chung thuang bay xa
kifem moi nfen khi gap dilu kifen thuan lgi (cac khu 5. Bandelt, H. J., Forster, P., Rohl, A , 1999.
vuc nuoi yfen nha tai Trang Bom - Dong Nai va Kifen Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific
Giang) chung c6 thi sinh song tai d6. phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
Qudn thi yfen dao Khanh Hoa va Con Dao khong 16: 37-48.
chia se haplotype chung vdi cac phan loai khac va du 6. Desjardins, P. A and Morais, R, 1990.
lifeu di truyln cung cho thay su phan tach r6 rfet Sequences and Gene Organization of the Chicken
(Hinh 2 A, B), day cd thi la mot phan loai yfen thuoc Mitochondrial Genome. J. Moi. Biol. 212 (4): 599-634.
loai A fuciphagus dac huu cua Vifet Nam. 7. Fullard, J. H., Barclay, R M. R, Thomas, D.
4. K^T LUAN ft XUAT W., 2010. Observations on the behavioural ecology of
Bang cach su dung chi thi phan tu Ctyb mtADN, the Atiu Swiftlet Aerodramus sawtelli. Bird
da xay dung cay phat sinh loai va mang ludi Conservation International. 20:385-391. BirdLife
haplotype cua cac phan loai chim yfen Aerodramus International, 2010.
fuciphagus tai Vifet Nam. Kfet qua cho thay cac loai 8. Huelsenbeck J. P, Ronquist F., 2001. Mrbayes:
chim ydn thuoc 2 khu vuc Trang Bom - Ddng Nai va Bayesian inference of phylogenetic tree;.
Kifen Giang cd mdi quan hfe gan gui vdi cac phan loai Bioinformatics 17: 754-755.
A f. vestitus vaAf. amechanus. Loai yfen tai khu vuc 9. Koon, L. C. and Cranbrook, Earl of., 2002.
Khanh Hda va Con Dao la quan thi chim yin hang Swiftlets of Borneo: Builders of Edible Nests. Kota
cd kilu gien rifeng bifet, cd kha nang la mot phan loai Kinabalu, Malaysia: Natural History Publications
yin dac huu cua Vifet Nam, tuy nhifen can thuc hifen (Borneo).
tilp nhung nghien cuu sau hon v l dac dilm hinh 10. Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Jakobsen, I. B. and
thai, sinh thai va mor rong khu vuc thu mau (dac bifet Nei M., 2001. MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics
la khu vuc Con Dao) d l cd thi dua ra kit luan chinh analysis software. Bioinformatics 17:1244-1245.
xac v l kilu gien, dac dilm hinh thai va phan bd cua 11. Lee, P. L. M., Clayton, D. H., Griffiths, R.
quan thi chim yfen nay. Yin sao Khanh Hda va Con Page, R D. M., 1996. Does behavior reflect
Dao can dua vao chuong trinh khoa hoc cong nghfe phylogeny in swiftlets (Aves: Apodidae)? A test using
qudc gia: bao tdn ngudn gien dac huu va xay dung cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequences.
san ph&n thuong hifeu qudc gia. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America. USA 93: 7091-7096.
TAJ LJty THAM UlAfl
12. Nguyen Q. P., Yen Vo, Q., Voisin, J., 2002.
1. Dinh Thj Phuong Anh, 2011. Nghifen cuu mot
The White-Nest Swiftlet and the Black-Nest SwiftleL
sd d$c dilm sinh thai hpc cua chim Yin Hang trong Paris: Societe Nouvelle des Editions Boubee.

uftNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N6NG TH6N - KY 2 - THANG 1/2014 81

 KHOA HOC CONG H G H l

13. Nylander, J. A., 2004. Mr Modeltest v2. Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other M< ihods).
Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Version 4. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland,
Biology Centre. Uppsala University, Uppsala, Massachusetts.
Sweden. 20. Thomassen, H. A , Povel, G. D. E., 2006.
14. Page, R. D., 1996. Treeview: an application to Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the echo
display phylogenetic trees on personal computers, clicks and social vocalizations of swiftlets (Aves:
Computer Applications in the Bioscience. 12: 357-358. Apodidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.
15. Price, J. J., Johnson, K. P., Clayton, D. H., 88: 631-643.
2004. The evolution of echolocation in swiftlets. 21. Thomassen, H. A , Wiersema, A T., de
Journal of Avian Biology. 35: 135-143. Bakker, M. A G., de Knijff, P., Hetebrij, E., Povel, G.
16. Price, J. J., Johnson, K. P., Bush, S. E., D. E., 2003. A new phylogeny of swiftlets (Aves:
Clayton, D. H., 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of Apodidae) based on cytochrome-b D N A Molecular
the Papuan Swiftlet Aerodramus papuensis and Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29: 86-93.
implications for the evolution of avian echolocation. 22. Thomassen, H. A , den Tex, R.-J., de Bakker,
International Journal of Avian Science - Ibis 147: 790- M. A G., Povel, G. D. E., 2005. Phylogenetic
796. relationships amongst swifts and swiftlets: a multi
17. Posada, D., and K. A. Crandall, 1998. locus approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and
Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Evolution. 37: 264-277.
Bioinformatics. 14: 817-818. 23. Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., Gibson, T.
18. Rozas, J., Sanchez - Delbarrio, J. C., J., 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of
Meseguer, X., Rozas, R., 2003. DnaSP, DNA progressive multiple sequence alignment through
polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties
methods. Bioinformatics. 19:2496-2497. and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids
19. Swofford, D. L., 2002. PAUP. Phylogenetic Res. 22:46734680.
POPULATION GENETICS OF WHITE-NEST SWIFTLET Aerodramus fuciphagus. SUB SPECIES IN
VIETNAM
Le Huu Hoang, Dang Thuy Binh, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu
S u m m ary
To address bird nest farming development in Vietnam today, on the basis of scientific research state
"Science-based research and propose solutions for sustainable development in the bird nest fanning in
Vietnam ". Salanganes Nest Khanh Hoa Company is the coordination with the Institute of Biotechnology
and Environmental Nha Trang University conducted the study on population genetic of white-nest swiftlet
subspecies in Vietnam, between 01/2012 - 6/2013. White- nest swifdet (Aerodramus) are birds of high
economic value from nests collected. Samples were collected from 4 geographical area: Khanh Hoa, Trang
Bon-Dong Nai, Kien Giang and Con Dao. Phylogeographic tree is based on four algorithms. Maximum
Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference and Neightbour joining using cytochrome b
gene sequences (Cytb) of the mitochondnal D N A from subspecies Aerodramu fuciphagus in combination
with sequences from GenBank. Haplotype network was built based on Network Use Netwoek Draw. The
results showed that Vietnamese white- nest swiftlet was classified into three major groups. Among these,
the samples from Trang Bom - Dong Nai and Kien Giang have close relationship with the subspecies of A
fuciphagus amechanus and A fuciphagus vestitus, respctively. Khanh Hoa and Con Dao swiftlet showed
clear separation from the subspecies in Trang Bom - Dong Nai, Kien Giang and subspecies data from
GenBank. Common haplotype was shared by the Khanh Hoa house-switflet populations, Trang Bom -
Dong Nai, Kien Giang and subspecies vestitus, germani and amechanus. Analysis based on gene Cytb
mtDNA has showed that population in Trang Bom - Dong Nai is capable A fuciphagus vestitus subspicies,
Kien Giang population is capable A fuciphagus amechanus, population from Khanh Hoa Island and Con
Dao is likely endemic subspecies in Vietnam.
Key word: Aerodramus fuciphagus, mitochondrial DNA genetic diversification.

Ngudi phan bifen: TS. Lfe Due Minh

Ng&ynh$nb£i: 16/8/2013
N giy thdng qua phin bifen: 17/9/2013
Ngay duyfet ding: 24/9/2013

82 NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N dN G TH6N - KY 2 - THAMC: i -