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PART I:
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PART I:
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The input side converter could be alternatively realized as simple diode bridge,
but the input current would contain significant low-frequency harmonics then.
The diode bridge could not feed back braking energy in to the mains. Therefore,
a braking resistor in the DC link would be needed. Alternatively, a thyristor
bridge at the input side could feed back braking energy, but would still suffer
from significant low-frequency input current harmonics, especially during
inverter operation.
Instead of defining a voltage in the DC link, one could also define the current in
the DC link via DC link inductor as shown in Fig. 3. The converter system in Fig.
3 needs small capacitive filters at input- and output side for decoupling the
inductors.
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The big advantage of the DC link is the decoupling (at least, to a large extent) of
the control tasks of the input-side and the output-side converter.
How the Matrix Converter Helps You to Get Rid of Passive Components in
the DC-Link
Matrix Converters are often seen as a future concept for variable speed drives
technology, but despite intensive research over the decades they have until now
only achieved low industrial penetration. As mentioned before, the reason for
this might be the higher complexity in modulation and analysis effort [25].
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The Sparse Matrix Converter is a new kind of AC/AC converter with a reduced
number of components and a modulation scheme of low complexity and
realization effort. Sparse Matrix Converters avoid the multi-step commutation
procedure of the conventional matrix converter which could impair the system
reliability for operation in industrial environment.
The Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter topology has got 9 Transistors, 18 Diodes,
and 7 Isolated Driver Potentials.
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We will employ our new simulator GeckoCIRCUITS which gives the following
benefits:
For the family of the Sparse Matrix Converters, we employ the Zero DC Link
Current Commutation which is described in detail in [19]. The scheme makes
the commutation safe and simple compared to the conventional multi-step
commutation scheme.
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One has to define the relevant voltage sector pairs at the input and output side.
There are 12 different voltage sectors over one mains period for each side.
Fig.8 shows voltage sector 2 for the input side and voltage sector 11 for the
output side as yellow shaded areas. The position of the red vertical time slider
defines the relevant pair of sectors.
Obviously, there waits a lot of hard work to implement a current controller with
so many different states to be defined from measured voltages, and such a
large number of state-dependent equations and different switching sequences.
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Fig. 10: Put the File “tools.jar” Into to Folder jre1.6/lib/ext/ of Your Actual Java Runtime
Environment to make the JAVA-Block work.
In case of the current control of the Sparse Matrix Converter, first one has to
identify the actual voltage sectors. Straightforward, this could be implemented in
form of if-then statements:
if ((us<=0)&&(ut<=us)) seIN= 1;
else if ((us>=0)&&(ur>=us)) seIN= 2;
else if ((ur>=0)&&(us>=ur)) seIN= 3;
else if ((ur<=0)&&(ut<=ur)) seIN= 4;
else if ((ut<=0)&&(ur<=ut)) seIN= 5;
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seIN is the number of the input voltage sector (e.g. seIN=2 in Fig. 8). ur, us,
ut are the three-phase input voltages of the converter. Now, relative on-times
dIN[0] and dIN[1] of input-side switches can be calculated depending on the
sector:
switch (seIN) {
case 1: dIN[0]= -ut/ur; break;
case 2: dIN[0]= -ur/ut; break;
case 3: dIN[0]= -us/ut; break;
case 4: dIN[0]= -ut/us; break;
case 5: dIN[0]= -ur/us; break;
case 6: dIN[0]= -us/ur; break;
case 7: dIN[0]= -ut/ur; break;
case 8: dIN[0]= -ur/ut; break;
case 9: dIN[0]= -us/ut; break;
case 10: dIN[0]= -ut/us; break;
case 11: dIN[0]= -ur/us; break;
case 12: dIN[0]= -us/ur; break;
default: break;
}
dIN[1]= 1 - dIN[0];
After this, switching sequences have to be defined based on seIN, and with the
relative on-times exact switching sequences can be calculated (it’s a lot of code,
not shown here). For the switching pattern of the output stage similar
expressions occur. See [19] and [21] for details and algorithms.
And that’s just 10% of the whole code of the current controller!
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We put all current control code as described in [19] into a special control block
called “Sparse-Matrix Control” (green Tab ‘Special’) which allows to
conveniently control the Sparse Matrix Converter, the Very Sparse Matrix
Converter and the Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter. The implementation of the
Sparse Matrix Converter is shown in Fig. 12.
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Fig. 12: Full Implementation of the Sparse Matrix Converter with Zero DC-Link Current
Control Scheme in GeckoCIRCUITS.
Part II will go into the details of the Sparse Matrix Converter model of Fig. 12.
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Fig. 13: Numerical Simulation of the Time Behavior of the Sparse Matrix.
Further Information
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References
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