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1. A concrete one-way slab has a total thickness of 120 mm. The slab will be reinforced
with 12-mm-diameter steel bars with fy = 275 MPa. Concrete strength f’c = 21 MPa.
Determine the spacing of reinforcement bars. Mu=23× 106 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Solution:
12 mm main bars @
100 mm O.C.
Width, b=1000mm
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
23× 106 = 0.90𝑅𝑛 (1000)(94)2
𝑅𝑛 = 2.892𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜋
𝑏 1000 1000𝐴𝑏 1000× (12)2
4
s=𝑁 = 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠
= 1085
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎
𝐴𝑏
2. A one-way slab having a simple span of 3 m is 160 mm thick. The slab is reinforced
with 12 mm tension bars (fy = 275 MPa) spaced at 140 mm o.c. Steel covering is 20
mm. Calculate the uniform live load pressure that the slab can carry. Use f’c = 20.7
MPa. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3.
Solution:
Consider 1m strip of slab, b=1000mm
1
Effective depth: d=160-20-2 (12) = 134 𝑚𝑚
1000 1000 𝜋
Steel area, 𝐴𝑠 = × 𝐴𝑏 = × (12)2 = 807.8𝑚𝑚2
𝑠 140 4
𝐴𝑠 807.8
𝜌= = = 0.006028
𝑏𝑑 1000(134)
𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.006028(275)
𝜔= = = 0.08009
𝑓′𝑐 20.7
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 =
8
𝑤 (3)2
25.5334= 𝑢8
𝑤𝑢 = 22.696 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑤𝑢 = 1.4𝑤𝐷𝐿 + 1.7𝑤𝐿𝐿
22.696=1.4(3.76)+1.7𝑤𝐿
𝑤𝐿 = 10.25 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
Solution:
𝐿 4000
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 143𝑚𝑚 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 150𝑚𝑚 )
28 28
At Midspan:
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 11.735(4)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 11.735 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
16 16
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑 2
11.735 𝑥 106 = 0.90 𝑅𝑛 (1000)(124)2
𝑅𝑛 = 0.848 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 0.00337 > 0.0021
𝑓𝑦
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00337(1000)(124) = 418 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
𝐴𝑠𝑏 (12)2
4
Spacing 𝑠 = 𝑥 1000 = 𝑥 1000 = 271 𝑠𝑎𝑦 270𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 418
At support:
𝑤𝑢 𝐿2𝑛 11.735(4)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 18.776 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
10 10
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑 2
18.776 𝑥 106 = 0.90 𝑅𝑛 (1000)(124)2
𝑅𝑛 = 1.357 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜋
𝐴𝑠𝑏 (12)2
4
Spacing 𝑠 = 𝑥 1000 = 𝑥 1000 = 268 𝑠𝑎𝑦 265𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 422
Solution:
Effective depth:
d = 94mm
Weight of slab:
𝑊𝑠 = 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 ℎ 𝑊𝑠 = 23.5(1)(0.12)
𝑊𝑠 = 2.82𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Factored floor pressure load:
𝑊𝑢 = 16.698𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝜌 = 0.009039
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 :
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦
= 0.00507 OK
a) 3(h)=3(120)=360mm OK
b) 450mm
𝐴𝑡 = 0.002𝑏ℎ 𝐴𝑡 = 0.002(1000)(120)
𝐴𝑡 = 240𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 (10)2
4
Spacing= 𝐴𝑠
𝑥1000 𝑠= 240
𝑥1000
a) 5h=5(120)=600mm
b) 450mm OK
Solution:
Width, b=1000mm
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
23× 106 = 0.90𝑅𝑛 (1000)(94)2
𝑅𝑛 = 2.892𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜋
𝑏 1000 1000𝐴𝑏 1000× (12)2
4
s=𝑁 = 𝐴𝑠 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝐴𝑠 1085
𝐴𝑏