Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
POPULATION
Total population a million; as of 1 July 179.4 182.4 186.4 188.5 191.6 194.8 197.0 199.3 201.6 203.9 205.8 208.6 211.4 214.3 217.1 219.9 222.7 225.6 228.5
Population density persons per square kilometer 94 96 98 99 101 102 103 105 106 107 108 110 111 112 114 115 117 118 120
Population annual change, percent 2.0 1.7 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Urban population percent of total population 30.9 … … … … 35.9 … … … 39.4 42.1 … … … … 43.1 … … …
LABOR FORCE thousand; calendar year 77803 78455 80704 81456 85776 86361 90110 89603 92735 94847 95651 98812 100779 102631 103973 105857 106282 108131 111947
Employed 75851 76423 78518 79210 82039 80110 85702 85406 87672 88817 89838 90807 91647 92811 93722 93958 95177 97583 102553
Agriculture 42378 41206 42153 40072 37858 35233 37720 34790 39415 38378 40677 39744 40634 43042 40608 42323 40136 42609 41332
Manufacturing 7693 7946 8255 8784 10841 10127 10773 11009 9934 11516 11642 12086 12110 11496 11070 11953 11578 11890 12549
Mining 528 565 525 663 741 643 774 875 675 726 523 … 632 733 1035 904 924 1021 1071
Others b 25252 26706 27585 29691 32599 34107 36435 38731 37648 38197 36997 38977 38272 37540 41009 38778 42539 42063 47601
Unemployed 1952 2032 2186 2246 3738 6251 4408 4197 5063 6030 5813 8005 9132 9820 10251 11899 11105 10548 9395
Unemployment rate percent 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 4.4 7.2 4.9 4.7 5.5 6.4 6.1 8.1 9.1 9.6 9.9 11.2 10.3 9.8 8.4
Labor force annual change, percent 3.0 0.8 2.9 0.9 5.3 0.7 4.3 -0.6 3.5 2.3 0.8 3.3 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.8 0.4 1.7 3.5
Labor force participation rate percent 54.7 … … … 58.0 … 66.9 66.3 66.9 67.2 67.8 68.6 67.8 67.8 67.6 66.8 66.2 66.6 67.2
Male … … … … … … … … 83.2 86.6 … … 85.6 85.7 86.0 84.9 84.2 83.7 83.5
Female … … … … … … … … 51.2 51.2 … … 50.1 50.2 49.2 48.4 48.6 49.5 51.1
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 210866 249969 282395 329776 382220 454514 532568 627695 955754 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Private consumption 124184 145540 157910 192958 228119 279876 332094 387171 647824 813183 856798 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Government consumption 18649 20785 24731 29757 31014 35584 40299 42952 54416 72631 90780 113416 132219 163701 191056 224981 288080 329760 416867
Gross fixed capital formation 59758 67488 72774 86667 105381 129218 157653 177686 243043 221472 275881 323875 353967 392789 515381 655854 805786 986215 ###
Increase in stocks 5032 12541 18737 10546 13327 15900 5800 21615 -82716 -96461 33283 47194 35980 122682 36911 39975 42382 -1053 7664
Exports of goods and services 53289 63865 78723 88231 101332 119593 137533 174871 506245 390560 569490 642595 595514 613721 739639 945122 ### ### ###
Less: Imports of goods and services 50046 60249 70481 78383 96953 125657 140812 176600 413058 301654 423318 506426 480815 465941 632376 830083 855588 ### ###
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – -13145 23972 -46995 -185355 -87673 -47163 -70416 -35806 84054
At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 1993 | 2000 market prices 263262 286765 307474 329776 354641 383792 413798 433246 376374 379352 | ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Agriculture 53056 54583 58002 58963 59291 61885 63828 64468 63609 64985 | 216831 225686 231614 240387 247164 253882 262403 271401 284338
Mining 26628 29969 30461 31497 33262 35502 37739 38538 37474 36866 | 167692 168244 169932 167604 160101 165223 168032 171422 172300
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Manufacturing 54211 59941 66042 73556 82649 91637 102260 107630 95321 99058 | 385598 398324 419388 441755 469952 491561 514100 538085 557766
Electricity, gas, and water 2508 2720 2961 3290 3703 4292 4877 5480 5646 6113 | 8394 9058 9868 10349 10898 11584 12251 13517 14994
Construction 15226 17487 19664 22513 25858 29198 32924 35346 22465 22036 | 76573 80080 84470 89622 96334 103598 112234 121901 130816
Trade 41725 46669 50344 55298 59504 64231 69475 73524 60131 60094 | 224453 234273 243267 256517 271142 293654 312519 338807 363314
Transport and communications 18474 20040 21618 23249 25189 27329 29701 31783 26975 26772 | 65012 70276 76173 85458 96897 109262 124809 142327 166077
Finance c 21479 24309 26164 28048 30901 34313 36384 38543 28279 26245 | 115463 123086 131523 140374 151123 161252 170074 183659 198800
Public administration 20738 21380 22012 22458 22752 23046 23338 23617 21888 22251 | 69460 70200 70482 71148 72324 73700 76618 80778 84378
Others 9218 9670 10207 10903 11533 12360 13272 14318 14588 14933 | 60294 63757 68500 73957 80583 87099 94087 101194 109323
Net factor income from abroad -11397 -12508 -13351 -12553 -9730 -11924 -12487 -15463 -27965 -22145 | -92133 -66211 -56357 -81231 -80468 -107382 -113857 -120409 -96997
GNI at 1993 | 2000 market prices 251865 274257 294123 317223 344911 371869 401311 417783 348409 357207 | ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Expenditure on GDP at 1993 | 2000 market prices 263262 286765 307474 329776 354641 383792 413798 433246 376374 379352 | ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Private consumption 155094 167455 172640 192958 208062 234245 257016 277116 260023 272070 | 856798 886736 920750 956593 ### ### ### ### ###
Government consumption 26689 28094 29702 29757 30443 30851 31681 31701 26828 27014 | 90780 97646 110334 121404 126249 134626 147564 153310 169297
Gross fixed capital formation 69519 78488 81302 86667 98589 112386 128699 139726 93605 76573 | 275881 293793 307585 309431 354866 393501 403719 441614 493223
Increase in stocks 11133 9884 16125 10546 14836 15853 5873 3342 -6387 -9622 | 20139 32659 13085 45997 25099 33508 29027 -243 3865
Exports of goods and services 59808 71702 82605 88231 97002 104492 112391 121158 134707 91864 | 569490 573163 566188 599516 680621 793613 868257 942431 ###
Less: Imports of goods and services 58981 68856 74900 78383 94291 114035 121863 139796 132401 78546 | 423318 441012 422271 428875 543184 639702 694605 756895 832820
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – 9547 -26896 8757 -8535 16238 52028 25483
Money supply (M2) annual change, percent 44.2 17.0 20.2 22.0 20.2 27.6 29.6 23.2 62.3 11.9 15.6 13.0 4.7 8.1 8.1 16.4 14.9 18.9 14.6
M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 40.1 39.6 42.2 44.0 45.7 49.0 54.2 56.7 60.4 58.8 53.8 50.1 48.5 47.5 45.0 43.4 41.4 41.6 38.0
GOVERNMENT FINANCE l billion Rupiah; fiscal year beginning 1 April | ending 31 December
Central Government
Total revenue and grants 39546 41585 48863 56113 66418 80427 87630 112276 156470 204432 | 204942 301077 300186 341396 403367 495224 637987 708495 981031
Total revenue 39546 41585 48863 56113 66418 80427 87630 112276 156408 204432 | 204942 300600 299886 340928 403105 493919 636153 706791 978721
Current revenue 39546 41585 48863 56113 66418 80412 87630 112276 156408 204432 | 204942 300600 299886 340928 403105 493919 636153 706791 978721
Taxes 37431 39098 45423 49168 57980 72829 57339 70934 102394 112905 | 115788 185541 210953 242048 280559 347031 409203 491835 658665
Nontaxes m 2115 2487 3440 6945 8439 7583 30290 41341 54014 91528 | 89154 115059 88933 98880 122546 146888 226950 214956 320056
Capital receipts – – – – – 15 – – – –| – – – – – – – – –
Grants n
… … … … … … – – 62 –| – 477 300 468 262 1305 1834 1704 2309
Total expenditure and net lending 41336 43372 52058 57833 62607 66723 82221 109302 172669 231880 | 219936 341562 327863 376505 427176 509633 667129 757245 985271
Total expenditure 41336 43372 52058 57833 62607 66723 82221 109302 172669 231880 | 219936 341562 327863 376505 427176 509633 667129 757245 985271
Current expenditure 23145 22932 25799 30128 34008 36037 46269 70943 117527 149978 | 177342 218923 189069 307258 365726 476744 612177 692838 912992
Capital expenditure o
18191 20440 26259 27705 28599 30686 35952 38359 55142 81902 | 42594 122639 138794 69247 61450 32889 54952 64407 72279
Net lending … … … … … … … … … …| … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit 16401 18653 23064 25985 32410 44375 41361 41333 38881 54455 | 27600 81677 110817 33670 37379 17176 23976 13953 65730
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Capital account surplus/deficit -18191 -20440 -26259 -27705 -28599 -30671 -35952 -38359 -55142 -81902 | -42594 -122639 -138794 -69247 -61450 -32889 -54952 -64407 -72279
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -1790 -1787 -3195 -1720 3811 10085 5409 2974 -16199 -27447 | -14993 -40485 -27677 -35109 -23809 -14408 -29142 -48750 -4240
Financing
Domestic borrowing -2 -2 551 1852 -1495 -8408 … … 1634 –| 18900 30218 20561 34562 51866 24680 55709 72674 74615
Foreign borrowing 1792 1789 2634 -132 -2316 -1677 -4392 -4281 20998 29388 | 9554 10267 7116 548 -28057 -10272 -26567 -23924 -19100
Use of cash balances – – – – – – -1017 1307 -6433 -1941 | -13461 – 0 0 – – – – –
Expenditure by Function, Central Government billion Rupiah; fiscal year beginning 1 April | ending 31 December
Total 38720 41319 52200 54983 61866 66723 77964 112893 174099 225874 … 359038 323182 395953 447305 … … … …
General public services 19642 19343 25233 26010 13178 14325 19213 47412 88446 120920 … 272493 238126 279036 331296 … … … …
Defense p 3158 3457 4071 4282 5526 6704 7994 9063 12035 13029 … 18073 21585 29992 32591 … … … …
Education 3512 4053 5076 5479 6045 6042 7040 8531 11918 14349 … 13433 13264 20887 17741 … … … …
Health 938 1145 1263 1497 2011 1723 1962 2435 3889 5186 … 4542 3747 7316 6174 … … … …
Social security and welfare q
– – – – 3259 4153 5643 7125 9220 12006 … 30766 21164 21300 25245 … … … …
Housing and community amenities 685 810 1062 870 11041 13699 15819 17316 23435 33787 … 4726 4550 4971 3784 … … … …
Economic services 10505 12219 14227 15034 19358 14125 18431 18740 22164 23250 … 12747 18448 29709 27857 … … … …
Agriculture 2959 3274 3784 3694 11903 6290 9729 8839 11511 8610 … 4652 9048 11461 10959 … … … …
Industry 746 760 905 627 725 1004 1055 1065 639 656 … 2382 1536 3896 2047 … … … …
Electricity, gas, and water 1708 2288 3044 3232 225 355 536 1150 1136 2895 … 1146 828 1299 3330 … … … …
Transport and communications 3846 4027 4668 5344 5230 5086 5720 6317 6395 5580 … 3709 5460 9784 8820 … … … …
Other economic services 1246 1870 1826 2136 1275 1390 1391 1369 2481 5509 … 858 1576 3269 2701 … … … …
Others r 281 292 350 445 1448 1610 1862 2271 2992 3347 … 2257 2299 2742 2619 … … … …
Imports, total 22005 25929 27280 28328 32041 40630 42902 41717 27362 24004 33518 30964 31293 32556 46528 57714 61073 74484 135312
1. Singapore 1283 1698 1671 1793 1877 2367 2875 3411 2543 2526 3789 3147 4100 4155 6083 9471 10035 9840 36875
2. China, People's Republic of 653 835 752 936 1369 1495 1598 1518 906 1242 2022 1843 2427 2957 4101 5843 6637 8558 17479
3. Japan 5455 6327 6014 6248 7740 9217 8504 8252 4292 2913 5397 4689 4409 4228 6082 6906 5516 6527 13877
4. United States 2520 3397 3822 3255 3588 4756 5060 5444 3523 2841 3393 3210 2644 2702 3236 3886 4066 4798 6504
5. Malaysia 290 407 525 517 579 2595 823 865 627 606 1131 1005 1037 1138 1682 2149 3193 6412 7900
6. Thailand 184 278 345 235 406 737 1095 867 842 933 1109 986 1191 1702 2772 3447 2983 4287 6752
7. Saudi Arabia 335 837 852 351 680 943 665 588 515 971 1598 1314 1104 1498 1967 2712 3384 3373 4416
8. Korea, Republic of 992 1439 1894 2103 2166 2451 2411 2322 1528 1330 2083 2209 1647 1528 1943 2869 2876 3197 4038
9. Australia 1206 1378 1413 1399 1542 2016 2535 2427 1761 1460 1694 1814 1587 1648 2215 2567 2986 3004 4101
10. Germany 1527 2067 2141 2072 2473 2819 3001 2629 2366 1399 1245 1301 1224 1181 1734 1781 1457 1982 2875
External debt percent of GNI 64.0 71.6 72.2 58.7 62.6 63.4 58.3 65.1 168.2 117.1 93.6 86.6 70.1 60.6 56.9 48.8 37.5 33.9 …
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 83.4 81.8 79.5 79.8 82.0 79.1 75.0 73.7 80.7 80.0 76.8 76.9 76.2 75.8 75.5 71.8 74.8 75.2 …
Short-term debt percent of total debt 15.9 18.0 20.5 20.2 18.0 20.9 25.0 24.1 13.3 13.2 15.7 16.3 17.2 16.7 17.6 22.3 25.2 24.8 …
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services 33.3 34.2 32.6 33.6 30.7 29.9 36.6 30.0 31.7 30.0 22.4 23.5 24.7 25.7 23.6 15.3 18.6 10.5 …
a Projections based on census/survey figures except for 1990 and 2000, which are actual population census figures, and 1995, which is the actual figure from the
b intercensal population
For 2001, includes survey.
mining.
c Includes ownership of dwellings.
d Derived from balance of payments data.
e For 1990 to 1996, data refer to CPI for 27 cities; 1997–2002 , to CPI for 43 cities; and for 2003 onward, to CPI for 45 cities.
f Refers to current accounts, transfer, and mature time and savings deposits in Rupiah held by residents with the monetary system.
g Includes import deposits and other items (net).
h Shown in the consolidated balance sheets of commercial banks.
i Refers to claims of the public sector, private enterprises, and individuals.
j Prior to 1998, rate refers to TABANAS (National Development Savings Scheme). From 1998 onward, rate refers to interest on savings deposits in commercial banks.
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
k Refers to time deposits in deposit money banks (weighted average).
l For 2000, data cover 9 months beginning 1 April to 31 December.
m Includes surplus on petroleum sales until 1996.
n Prior to 1996, grants were included in foreign borrowings.
o For 2001, data include balanced funds amounting to Rp82400.4 billion.
p Includes public order and safety.
q Includes environmental protection.
r Includes tourism and culture and religion.
s Data prior to 1997 followed the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM4) and BPM5 thereafter.
Sources:
Population For 1990–1999, 2002–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central
Bureau of Statistics.
For 2000–2001, Official communication, 2 May 2005; past communication. Bank Indonesia.
Urban Population For 1990, 1995, and 1999, Welfare Indicators, 1998 and 1999. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 2000, Official website (www.bps.go.id). Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 2005, Official communication, 22 June 2007. Central Bureau of Statistics.
Labor Force Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of Statistics.
Labor Force Participation Rate For 1990 and 1994, Statistik Dalam 50 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka 1995. Central Bureau of Statistics.
National Accounts For 1990–1996 and 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication.
Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1997, National Income of Indonesia, 1996–1999. Central Bureau of Statistics.
Production Indexes
Agriculture FAOSTAT Database Online. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Manufacturing For 1990–1993, Economic Indicators, February 1999; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1994–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
Energy
Crude Petroleum For 1990–1997, Official communication, 1 April 1998. Bank Indonesia.
For 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
Consumption:
For 2001–2004, Energy Statistical Yearbook 2004. United Nations.
Coal Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of Stat
Natural Gas For 1990–1995, Energy Statistical Yearbook 1995; past issues. United Nations.
For 1996–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
Consumption:
For 1990–1995, 1998, and 2001–2004, Energy Statistical Yearbook 2004; past issues. United
Nations.
Electricity For 1990–1996, Official communication, 23 May 2001; past communication. Bank
For 1997–2002, Official communication, 28 May 2004; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
For 2003–2004, Official website (www.pertamina.com). PT PLN (Persero).
For 2005–2006, Official website (www.bps.go.id). Central Bureau of Statistics.
Retail Prices For 1990–2001, Official communication, 2 May 2005; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
For 2002–2006, Official website (www.pertamina.com). PT Pertamina (Persero).
Price Indexes For 1990–1995. Statistical Yearbook 1998; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1996–1997, Official communication, 30 April 2002. Bank Indonesia.
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
For 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
Wholesale Price Index For 1990–1995, Statistical Yearbook 1998; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1996–1997, Official communication, 30 April 2002. Bank Indonesia.
For 1998–2001, Official website (www.bps.go.id). Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 2002–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
Money and Banking For 1990–1992, Indonesian Financial Statistics, March 1996; past issues. Bank Indonesia.
For 1993–2008, Official communication, 23 April 2009; past communication. Bank Indonesia.
Government Finance For 1990–1994, Official communication, 1 April 1998. Bank Indonesia.
For 1995, Official communication, 9 April 1999. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1996–2008, Official communication, 23 April 2009; past communication. Bank Indonesia.
External Trade For 1990–1997, Economic Indicators, February 1999; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
Direction of Trade Direction of Trade Statistics CD–ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Balance of Payments For 1990–1991, Balance of Payment Statistics CD–ROM, May 2001. International Monetary Fund.
For 1992–2008, Official communication, 23 April 2009; past communication. Bank Indonesia.
International Reserves International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Exchange Rates