A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN

MATHEMATICS 11
March 19, 2017

MARK JEROME N. DE LA PEÑA MS. CYRENE CASPE

MAED (MATH) PROFESSOR

I. OBJECTIVE
Given several exercises, the grade 11 students are expected to determine if the
two-sided limit exist and does not exist using the left- and right-hand limit with at least
75% proficiency level.
II. CONTENT AND MATERIALS
A. Topic: EXISTENCE OF LIMIT OF A FUNCTION USING LEFT AND RIGHT HAND
LIMIT
B. Reference: Basic Calculus by Jomar Pelias
C. Materials: powerpoint presentation and chalk/whiteboard

III. PROCEDURE
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
A. REVIEW
Good morning every one.
Fix everything first before we start.
Alright, it seems that all are ready.
Ok, what was our discussion last About definition of limits.
meeting?
That’s right!
And, what do we mean by limit of “In taking the limit of a function as the independent
a function? variable approaches a certain number, we only
How do we get limit of a function? observe the behavior of the function values as the
Very good! independent variable comes closer (closer only, not
exactly) to the number and what will happen to the
actual value is not a concern.”
I hope all of you did not forget it
because it is still connected to our
discussion this meeting.
B. LESSON PROPER
Suppose, I have a function
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) = ,
𝑥−1 X f(x) x f(x)
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2
Show that the lim =1 1.5 2.25 0.5 0.25
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
using factoring. 1.1 1.21 0.9 0.81
Solution: 1.01 1.0201 0.99 0.9801
𝒙𝟑 −𝒙𝟐 1.001 1.002001 0.999 0.998001
𝒍𝒊𝒎
𝒙→𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 1.0001 1.00020001 0.9999 0.99980001
𝒙𝟐 (𝒙−𝟏)
= 𝒍𝒊𝒎 (𝒙−𝟏) 1.00001 1.0000200001 0.99999 0.9999800001
𝒙→𝟏
= 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙𝟐
𝒙→𝟏 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1
= (𝟏)𝟐 𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1−
=𝟏
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2
Hence, lim =1
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
Another way to get the limit of a
function is using table of values. Because, as we substitute values of x closer to 1both
Now, I want you to get the limit of from its right side and left side, it seems that the
this function using the given table? value of the function is equal to 1.

Very good!

Based on the table, why is the

limit equal to 1?
Correct!
So, we observe that in getting the
limit of this function, from the left
side of 1 and from the right side of
1, they have the same
approximate value of f(x) which is
the limit.

Therefore, based on the concept

of limit that you have learned,
once a function has a limit, the
approximate value of f that will
probably exist as we substitute
values closer to a from its right
side and left side are the same.
Thus, on the case of our first
example, in symbol, we have
“ If lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1, then
𝑥→1
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 1
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
Here is another example.
 𝑥 2 −𝑥
Show that the lim = −1 Solution:
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙
using the idea of factoring. 𝒍𝒊𝒎
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
𝒙(𝒙−𝟏)
You do it on your own. Then, I’ll = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙
𝒙→𝟎
call someone to answer later. = 𝒍𝒊𝒎(𝒙 − 𝟏)
Ok, any volunteer. 𝒙→𝟎
=𝟎−𝟏
= −𝟏
Very good.

X f(x) x f(x)
Now, I want you to use the given 0.5 -.5 -0.5 -1.5
table of values. 0.1 -0.9 -0.1 -1.1
0.01 -0.99 -0.01 -1.01
0.001 -0.999 -0.001 -1.001
0.0001 -0.9999 -0.0001 -1.0001
0.00001 -0.99999 -0.00001 -1.00001
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −1 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −1
𝑥→0+ 𝑥→0−

Again, based on the table if

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −1, what can we
𝑥→0
say about
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)?
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

Very good! Both limits are equal

What can we conclude therefore
about the existence of limit of a
function?

“If the 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) exists and is equal to

𝒙→𝒂
L, then both 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) and
𝒙→𝒂−
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙)exists and equal.
𝒙→𝒂+
 𝑥 → 0− f(x) 𝑥 → 0+ f(x)
How about this? -1 4 1 4
-0.1 1.7 0.1 1.21
Find 𝑙𝑖𝑚− 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ 𝑓(𝑥) given -0.01 1.07 0.01 1.0201
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
3𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 -0.001 1.007 0.001 1.002001
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 -0.0001 1.0007 0.0001 1.00020001
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥
using table of values. -0.00001 1.00007 0.00001 1.0000200001

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1

𝑥→0− 𝑥→0+

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1
𝑥→0

It’s the other way around.

What do you observe in this
example?
Correct!
Based on the example, we have

If 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏, then

𝒙→𝟎+ 𝒙→𝟎
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏
𝒙→𝟎

What can we conclude therefore?

“If both 𝒍𝒊𝒎− 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒇(𝒙) exist
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
and equal, then 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) exists and is
𝒙→𝒂
equal to L.”

Let us see if this is the same to

our theorem. Kindly read it class.
Theorem
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) exists and is equal to L if and We have the same conclusion.
𝒙→𝒂
only if both 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
exist and equal.
How is it?
Very good!

Let us try another example,

Find 𝑙𝑖𝑚− 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
given
 𝑥 + 5 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑓 1 < 𝑥 Yes, 6
What do you observe on the
table?

Do we have a limit as x -1
approaches 1from the left? What The limit does not exist, because the two one sided
is it? limit are not equal.
How about the limit as x
approaches 1 from the right? If 𝒍𝒊𝒎− 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒇(𝒙) exist but not equal , then
What can you say then then to 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

limit of f(x)? 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) does not exist.

𝒙→𝒂
Very good!
It is opposite to our theorem.
What can we can also conclude
then?
Very good!

C. ASSESSMENT
I want you to answer the following
on your problem set notebook.
Then, later on I will call someone
to show the solution on the board.
I. Directions: Show that
𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑
𝒍𝒊𝒎 = −𝟐
𝒙→−𝟐 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐
using factoring and table of
values, then compare the
result.

II. Directions: Determine the limit

of the following functions using the
left-and right-hand limit.
1. 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙),where
𝒙→−𝟐
3𝑥 − 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑥
2. 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙),where
𝒙→−𝟐
5 − 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ −2
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 − 2 < 𝑥