ANATOMY  Evals 1 Rationalization 
 Intro to Anatomy, Intro to Diagnostic Imaging 

MODULE 1: GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

Rationalized by: Jastine De Guzman, Venus Papa

Question 1
This approach is considered to be the most practical way of
studying anatomy and includes laboratory dissections:
Select one:
a. Clinical anatomy
● Clinical anatomy emphasizes aspects of bodily
structure and function important in the practice of
medicine, dentistry, and the allied health sciences. It
incorporates the regional and systemic approaches
(Moore, 2010).
b. Applied anatomy
● Applied anatomy is another term for ​clinical
anatomy​.
c. Regional anatomy
● Regional anatomy is also called topographical
anatomy, which considers the organization of the
human body as major parts or segments. This is the Select one:
approach usually followed in anatomy courses that a. 5cm scarry wound on the Anterior chest wall, located
have a laboratory component involving dissection inferolateral to the Left nipple.
(Moore, 2010). ● scarry wound = not a description of an injury or
d. Systemic anatomy lesion
● Systemic anatomy is the study of the body’s ​organ From Doc Mostajo’s ppt
systems that work together to carry out complex
functions (Moore, 2010).
e. Surface anatomy
● Surface anatomy is an essential part of the study of
regional anatomy which provide knowledge of what
lies under the skin and what structures are
perceptible to touch (palpable) in the living body at
rest and in action (Moore, 2010).

Question 2 ●
Choose the most appropriate description of the injury for the ● inferolateral to the left nipple = wrong, the stab
case: wound is on the right side; it’s superior (nearer to
the vertex of the cranium than) to the right nipple,
not inferior; it’s medial (nearer to the median plane
of the body/center), not lateral
From Doc Mostajo’s ppt:

Page 1 
b. 5cm Stab wound on the Anterior chest wall, located
superomedial to the Right nipple.
● stab wound
● anterior chest wall = correct, front
● superomedial to the right nipple = (supero-)above
the right nipple, near the median plane (medial) of
the body
c. 5cm Stab wound on the Anterior chest wall, located
inferomedial to the Umbilicus.
● umbilicus = navel/belly button
d. 5cm Stab wound on the Anterior chest wall, located
superolateral to the Right nipple.
● superolateral to the right nipple = wrong; ●
superomedial, not superolateral; the stab wound is
nearer the center of the body Question 4
● From Doc Mostajo’s ppt: A Ball and Socket joint like your Hip is said to be a Multiaxial
and Multiplanar joint. What are the movements allowed in
this type of synovial joint?
Select one:
a. Flexion, Extension, Plantar flexion, Dorsiflexion, Abduction
and Adduction
b. Flexion, Extension, Pronation, Supination, Abduction and
Adduction
c. Flexion, Extension, Internal rotation, Lateral rotation,
Abduction and Protraction
d. Flexion, Extension, Internal rotation, Lateral rotation,
Abduction and Adduction
From Doc Mostajo’s ppt:
●

Question 3
The Elbow is a Hinge type of joint that allows movements like ●
Flexion and Extension. In what plane and axis do these
movements occur? Question 5
Select one: CJ would like to describe the Liver in relationship with the
a. Sagittal plane and Z axis Stomach in a human body. What would best describe these
b. Coronal plane and X axis structures?
c. Coronal plane and Z axis
d. Sagittal plane and X axis
From Doc Mostajo’s ppt:

Page 2 
Select one:
a. The Liver is Contralateral to the Stomach
● Contralateral means occurring on the opposite side
of the body relative to another structure; the right
hand is contralateral to the left hand (Moore, 2010).
b. The Liver is Inferolateral to the Stomach
● Inferolateral is a combined term of inferior (situated
nearer the sole of the foot) and lateral (farther away
from the median plane) (Moore, 2010).
c. Both the Liver and Stomach are considered bilateral
structures.
● Bilateral is a term of laterality wherein paired
structures having right and left members (e.g., the
kidneys) (Moore, 2010). Liver and stomach are not
bilateral structures since they are not paired
structures.
d. The Stomach is Ipsilateral to the Liver
● Ipsilateral is a term of laterality wherein something
occurring on the same side of the body as another
structure (Moore, 2010). Stomach is not ipsilateral to
the liver since it is located opposite (contralateral)
to the liver.
Question 6
Choose the correct and appropriate description for the
structures of the brain:
Select one:
a. The Occipital lobe is rostral to the Frontal lobe
● Rostral is often used instead of anterior when
describing parts of the brain; it means toward the
rostrum (L. for beak); however, in humans it denotes
nearer the anterior part of the head (e.g., the frontal
lobe of the brain is rostral to the cerebellum)
(Moore, 2010). The occipital lobe is not nearer the
anterior part of the head compared to frontal lobe.
b. The Cerebellum is superior to the Parietal lobe
● Superior refers to a structure that is nearer the
vertex, the topmost point of the cranium (Mediev.
L., skull) (Moore, 2010). The cerebellum is not
superior to the parietal lobe, rather it is inferior.
c. The Temporal lobe is inferior to the Cerebellum
● Inferior refers to a structure that is situated nearer
the sole of the foot (Moore, 2010). The temporal
lobe is not inferior to the cerebellum, rather it is
superior.
d. The Occipital lobe is posterior to the Frontal lobe
● Posterior (dorsal) denotes the back surface of the
body or nearer to the back (Moore, 2010).
Question 7
RA is a 25 y/o male who came in to the ER after sustaining an
injury while performing a slam dunk in front of his friends.
History revealed that he accidentally twisted his right foot
upon landing. This was described as the ​sole of the foot facing
towards the median plane​. The Mechanism of injury is best
described as:
Select one:
a. Protrusion
● Protrusion is a movement anteriorly (forward) as in
protruding the mandible (chin), lips, or tongue
(Moore, 2010).
b. Torsion
● Torsion is the state of being twisted (Medical
Dictionary Online).
c. Eversion
● Eversion moves the sole of the foot away from the
median plane, turning the sole laterally. When the
foot is fully everted, it is also dorsiflexed (Moore,
2010).
d. ​Inversion
● Inversion moves the sole of the foot toward the
median plane (facing the sole medially). When the
foot is fully inverted it is also plantarflexed (Moore,
2010).
Question 8
A Circular movement of the upper extremity that involves
sequential Flexion, Abduction, Extension and Adduction is
called:
Select one:
a. Internal Rotation
● Internal rotation (medial rotation) brings the
anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane
(Moore, 2010).
b. Pronation and Supination
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 ● Pronation and supination are the rotational
movements of the forearm and hand that swing the
distal end of the radius (the lateral long bone of the
forearm) medially and laterally around and across
the anterior aspect of the ulna (the other longbone
of the forearm) while the proximal end of the radius
rotates in place (Moore, 2010).
c. Opposition and Reposition
● Opposition is the movement by which the pad of the
1st digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad
while reposition describes the movement of the 1st
digit from the position of opposition back to its
anatomical position (Moore, 2010).
d. Circumduction
● Circumduction is a circular movement that involves
sequential flexion, abduction, extension, and
adduction (or in the opposite order) in such a way
that the distal end of the part moves in a circle
(Moore, 2010).
e. External Rotation
● External rotation (lateral rotation) takes the anterior a. The 3-4cm Gun shot wound on the left anterior shoulder is
surface away from the median plane (Moore, 2010). more proximal than the 5cm Laceration on the dorsal aspect
of the hand.
● dorsal aspect = wrong, the laceration is on the
palmar aspect of the hand.
● from the internet:

●
● Moore: ​Dorsum u ​ sually refers to the superior aspect
Question 9 of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the body,
What is the most appropriate description of the injuries such as the dorsum of the tongue, nose, penis, or
illustrated in the body diagram based on its relationship to foot. It is also used to describe the ​posterior surface
each other? of the hand​, opposite the p ​ alm. ​The surface of the
hands, the feet, and the digits of both corresponding
to the dorsum is the ​dorsal surface, ​the surface of
the hand and fingers corresponding to the palm is
the ​palmar surface
b. The 3-4cm Gun shot wound on the left anterior shoulder is
more distal than the 5cm Laceration on the palmar aspect of
the hand.
● the gun shot wound is more ​distal​ than the
laceration = wrong; the gun shot wound is actually
more proximal than the laceration because the gun
shot wound is nearer to the ​attachment of the limb

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 ● Moore: ​Proximal ​and ​distal ​are used when
contrasting positions nearer to or farther from the
attachment of a limb or the
● central aspect of a linear structure, respectively.
● From Doc Mostajo’s ppt:
●
c. The 3-4cm Gun shot wound on the left posterior shoulder is
more proximal than the 5cm Laceration on the palmar aspect
of the hand.
● gun shot wound on the left ​posterior​ shoulder =
wrong, the gun shot wound is on the anterior (front)
shoulder
● Moore: ​Posterior ​(dorsal) denotes the back surface
of the body or nearer to the back. ​Anterior ​(ventral)
denotes the front
● surface of the body.
d. The 3-4cm Gun shot wound on the left anterior shoulder
is more proximal than the 5cm Laceration on the palmar
aspect of the hand.
● gun shot wound = correct
● left anterior shoulder = correct; left, front shoulder
● gun shot wound is more proximal = correct, it’s near
to the attachment of the limb than the laceration
● laceration on the palmar aspect of the hand =
correct, laceration on the palm of the hand
Question 10
While performing a physical examination on a patient in a
supine position, how will you describe the head relative to
the other structures of the body?
Select one:
a. The hand is proximal to the head
● Proximal is used when contrasting positions nearer
to the attachment of a limb (Moore, 2010).
● The head is proximal (nearer to the attachment of
the limb) than the hand.
b. The head is superior to the foot
● Superior refers to a structure that is nearer the
vertex, the topmost point of the cranium (Moore,
2010).
● Even in supine position (lying on the back), the head
is still considered superior to the foot.
c. The head is lateral to the arms
● Lateral stipulates that a structure is farther away
from the median plane (Moore, 2010).
● The head is medial (nearer to the center of the body)
to the hand.
d. The head is inferior to the neck
● Inferior refers to a structure that is situated nearer
the sole of the foot (Moore, 2010).
● The neck is inferior (near the sole of the foot) than
the head.
● Even though the patient is in a supine position, the
correct anatomical position must be followed in
describing the structures.
● Moore: supine position is ​recumbent, lying on the
back, face upward
● From wikipedia:
●
● Moore: ​All anatomical descriptions are expressed in
relation to one consistent position, ensuring that
descriptions are not ambiguous. One must visualize
this position in the mind when describing patients
(or cadavers), whether they are lying on their sides,
supine (recumbent, lying on the back, face upward),
or prone (lying on the abdomen, face downward). =
meaning that the anatomical position is followed
whether the body is standing, lying on his back or
lying on his belly
● Moore: The ​anatomical position ​refers to the body
position as if the person were standing upright with
the:
• head, gaze (eyes), and toes directed
anteriorly (forward),
• arms adjacent to the sides with the palms
facing anteriorly, and
• lower limbs close together with the feet
parallel.
● From wikipedia, standard anatomical position:
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 ●

Question 11
This movement involves turning a part of the body around its
longitudinal axis moving the anterior surface of a limb closer
to the median plane, similar when a patient tries to put
his/her hand over the abdomen.
a. External rotation
● External rotation (lateral rotation) takes the anterior
surface away from the median plane (Moore, 2010).
b. Internal rotation
● Internal rotation (medial rotation) brings the
anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane
(Moore, 2010).
c. Ulnar deviation
● Ulnar deviation is an action at the wrist joint that
adducts the hand (Clemente, 2011). (1st figure from
d. Radial deviation http://shouldercomplex.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/2/5/19259
● Radial deviation is an action at the wrist joint that 189/5456089.png?337; 2nd figure from
abducts the hand (Clemente, 2011). https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/30/flashcards/7
455030/gif/dutts_c007f003-14B56B225096EB16EAD.gif)

Question 12
This approach in studying anatomy considers the organization
of the human body as major parts or segments, and examines
the arrangement and relationships of the various systemic
structures within:
Select one:
a. Regional anatomy
● Regional anatomy considers the organization of the
human body as major parts or segments. It is the
method of studying the body’s structure by focusing
attention on a specific part, area, or region;
examining the arrangement and relationships of the
various systemic structures within it; and then
usually continuing to study adjacent regions in an
ordered sequence (Moore, 2010).
b. Clinical anatomy
● Clinical anatomy emphasizes aspects of bodily
structure and function important in the practice of
medicine, dentistry, and the allied health sciences. It
incorporates the regional and systemic approaches
(Moore, 2010).
c. Systemic anatomy

Page 6 
 ● Systemic anatomy is the study of the body’s organ
systems that work together to carry out complex
functions (Moore, 2010).
d. Applied anatomy
● Applied anatomy is another term for ​Clinical
anatomy​.
e. Surface anatomy
● Surface anatomy is an essential part of the study of
regional anatomy which provide knowledge of what
lies under the skin and what structures are
perceptible to touch (palpable) in the living body at
rest and in action (Moore, 2010).
●
Question 13
The Shoulder is a Ball and Socket type of synovial joint that
allows movements like Abduction and Adduction. In what
plane and axis does these movements occur?
Select one:
a. Coronal plane and Z axis
b. Sagittal plane and X axis
c. Sagittal plane and Z axis
d. Horizontal plane and Y axis

● I’m sorry there isn’t an explicit explanation about

this in the book.
● But according to the lecture notes, the axis of a
plane corresponds to the one that runs
perpendicular at a right angle to it.
● X axis is perpendicular to the sagittal plane. Y axis is
perpendicular to the transverse plane. Z axis is
perpendicular to the coronal plane.

● Abduction and adduction occurs in the coronal plane

which corresponds to the axis perpendicular to it -
the Z axis.

Question 14
One of your friends got involved in a motorcycle accident and
showed you his injuries as shown in the picture. As a Medical
student, how would you describe his injuries considering that
the nature of injury is​ caused by rubbing of the skin against a
rough surface​ (Asphalt).

Page 7 
 ● Similar to abduction-adduction movement, lateral
flexion of the trunk also occurs in coronal plane and
the Z axis.

Select one:
a. Hematoma
● Hematoma is a mass of usually clotted blood (Dr.
Mostajo PPT lecture).
b. Abrasion
● Abrasion is an injury caused by something that rubs ●
the skin (Dr. Mostajo PPT lecture).
c. Stab wound
● Stab wound is a wound made by a pointed weapon
(such as a knife) (Dr. Mostajo PPT lecture).
d. Contusion
● Contusion is a rupture of small blood vessels and
discoloration without a break in the overlying skin
(Dr. Mostajo PPT lecture).

Question 15
This movement will occur in what plane and axis?

Question 16
As shown in the body diagram, choose the most appropriate
description of the injury.

Select one:
a. Coronal plane and Y axis
b. Sagittal plane and Z axis
c. Coronal plane and Z axis
d. Sagittal plane and X axis

Page 8 
Select one:
a. 3-4 cm Gun shot wound on the Anterolateral aspect of the
Right Proximal 1/3 of the Forearm. Select one:
● right ​= incorrect, it’s on the left side. a. Flexion, Extension, Plantar flexion, Dorsiflexion, Abduction
● forearm = ​incorrect, it’s on the ​arm and Adduction
b. 3-4 cm Gun shot wound on the Anterolateral aspect of b. Flexion, Extension, Internal rotation, Lateral rotation,
the Left Proximal 1/3 of the Arm. Abduction and Protraction
● anterolateral aspect = the gun shot wound is on the c. Flexion, Extension, Internal rotation, External rotation,
anterior (front) surface of the arm ​away ​from the Abduction and Adduction
median plane (lateral) ● From Doc Mostajo’s ppt:

● ●
● left = correct side d. Flexion, Extension, Pronation, Supination, Abduction and
● proximal ⅓ = it’s on the region of the arm nearer to Adduction
the attachment of the limb
c. 3-4 cm Gun shot wound on the Anteromedial aspect of the Question 18
Left Proximal 1/3 of the Arm. On physical examination, what movement is being
d. 3-4 cm Gun shot wound on the Anterolateral aspect of the demonstrated?
Right Proximal 1/3 of the Arm.

Question 17
This joint will allow which of the following movements?

Page 9 
Select one:
a. Flexion of the hip joint
b. Internal rotation of the hip joint
● Moore: ​Medial rotation ​(internal rotation) brings the
anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane,
whereas ​lateral rotation ​(external rotation) takes the
anterior surface away from the median plane.
● In the given picture, even if the leg is moved laterally
(to the side), this causes the ​hip joint​ to move closer
to the medial plane (rotate internally).
● ○ lower limbs close together with the feet
c. Pronation of the hip joint
d. External rotation of the hip joint
Question 19
As a Medical student and health practitioner, all anatomical
descriptions will be expressed in relation to one another. It is
important to refer all descriptions in a position that is globally
accepted. The correct anatomical position is referred to as:
Select one:
a. Standing upright with head and eyes looking upward, arms
at the side with palms facing forward, lower limbs close
together with toes directed anteriorly
b. Sitting erect with head and eyes looking forward, arms at
the side with palms facing forward, lower limbs close
together with toes directed anteriorly.
c. Standing upright with head and eyes looking forward,
arms at the side with palms facing forward, lower limbs
close together with toes directed anteriorly.
d. Standing upright with head and eyes looking forward, arms
at the side with palms facing forward, lower limbs widely
spaced with toes directed anteriorly.
● According to Moore (2010), the anatomical position
refers to the body position as if the person were
standing upright with the:
○ head, gaze (eyes), and toes directed
anteriorly (forward),
○ arms adjacent to the sides with the palms
facing anteriorly and
parallel
Question 20
This is a vertical plane passing through the body dividing it
into equal right and left halves, and is at a right angle to the
Transverse plane.
Select one:
a. Horizontal plane
● Horizontal planes (transverse plane) pass through
the body at right angles to the median and frontal
planes, which are vertical planes (Moore, 2010).
b. Transaxial plane
● Radiologists refer to transverse planes as transaxial,
which is commonly shortened to axial planes
(Moore, 2010).
c. Median plane
● Median plane, the vertical plane passing
longitudinally through the body, divides the body
into right and left halves. This plane defines the
midline of the head, neck, and trunk where it
intersects the surface of the body (Moore, 2010).
d. Transverse plane through the umbilicus
● Transverse plane through the umbilicus is a
horizontal plane that divides the body into superior
(upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Question 21
JM, a medical student preparing for his exam in anatomy
accidentally dropped his book on his right foot. He was able
to observe a 7-8cm discoloration on the dorsal surface, but
no break in the overlying skin was noted. What would best
describe JM’s injury?
Page 10 
Select one:
a. Abrasion
● Abrasion is an injury caused by something that rubs
the skin (Dr. Mostajo PPT lecture).
b. Contusion
● Contusion is a rupture of small blood vessels and
discoloration without a break in the overlying skin
(Dr. Mostajo PPT lecture).
c. Stab wound
● Stab wound is a wound made by a pointed weapon
(such as a knife) (Dr. Mostajo PPT lecture).
d. Laceration ●
● Laceration is a deep cut or tear of the flesh (Dr. ● The thumb is a saddle type of joint, but it is not the
Mostajo PPT lecture). reason why its abduction and adduction occurs in
the sagittal plane rather than the coronal plane is
Question 22 other joints.
As a medical student, how will you describe the position of b. The thumb is shorter compared to the other digits
the bone relative to the surface of the body and other c. The thumb is rotated 90 degrees relative to other
adjacent structures? structures.
Select one: ● Moore:
a. The bone is considered a deep structure compared to the ●
skin and muscle
b. The bone is an intermediate structure located between the
skin and subcutaneous fat
c. The bone is actually a superficial structure that covers both
muscles and skin
d. The bone is an intermediate structure compared to the
Skin and muscle

d. The thumb when in resting position is always abducted

Question 24
Protraction of the Scapula on the thoracic wall will bring the
shoulder:
Select one:
a. Anteriorly
● Protraction and retraction are used most commonly
for anterolateral and posteromedial movements of
the scapula on the thoracic wall, causing the
shoulder region to move anteriorly and posteriorly,
respectively (Moore, 2010). Since it is protraction of
the scapula on the thoracic wall, this will bring the
shoulder anteriorly.
Question 23
In reference to the anatomical position, Abduction and
Adduction of the thumb occurs in the sagittal plane. What is
the reason behind this unique characteristic compared to the
other joints of the body?
Select one:
a. The thumb is a saddle type of joint

Page 11 
 ●
b. Superiorly
c. Inferiorly
d. Posteriorly ●
b. right atrium
Question 25 ● From Doc Perez’s ppt:
After your first Exam in anatomy, you decided to meet up
with some friends. Unfortunately, you noticed that one of
them is unable to ​move his arm laterally away from his body
since he suffered from a basketball injury last year. The
limited movement being described is:
Select one:
a. Supination
● Supination is the opposite rotational movement of
pronation, rotating the radius laterally and
uncrossing it from the ulna, returning the pronated
forearm to the anatomical position (Moore, 2010).
b. Abduction
● Abduction means moving away from the median
plane (e.g., when moving an upper limb laterally
away from the side of the body) (Moore, 2010).
c. Adduction
● Adduction means moving toward the median plane ●
(Moore, 2010). ● RA = right atrium
d. Pronation c. superior vena cava
● Pronation rotates the radius medially so that the d. left atrium
palm of the hand faces posteriorly and its dorsum
faces anteriorly (Moore, 2010). Question 28
Who discovered x-ray?
Question 26 Select one:
What is the distance of the x-ray tube from the patient when a. Wilhem Rontgen
taking chest PA view? ● Wilhelm Roentgen is a German engineer and
Select one: physicist who discovered x-rays. The very first
a. 72 inches medical x-ray taken was of his wife, Anna Bertha
● 72 inches or 6 feet is the distance when taking chest Ludwig hand (Dr. Perez PPT lecture).
PA view (x-rays penetrate through the patient’s b. Albert Solomon
back). In addition, it diminishes beam divergence ● Albert Solomon uses a conventional X-ray machine
and magnification of an object close to the cassette to produce image of 3 000 gross anatomic
(Dr. Perez PPT lecture). mastectomy specimens, observing black spots at the
b. 7 feet centers of breast carcinomas (Dr. Perez PPT lecture).
c. 4 feet c. Karl Theo Dussik
d. 82 inches ● Karl Theo Dussik, an Australian neurologist who
collaborated with his brother Friedreich, was the
Question 27 first person to ultrasonically echo image the human
On chest PA view, what forms the right cardiac border? body, outlining thereby the ventricles of a human
Select one: brain (Dr. Perez PPT lecture).
a. right ventricle d. Thomas Edison

Page 12 
 ● Thomas Edison began investigating materials for
ability to fluoresce when x-rayed, and by the turn of
the century, he had invented a fluoroscope with
sufficient image intensity to be commercialized. He
had quickly discovered that calcium tungstate
screens produced brighter images (Dr. Perez PPT
lecture).
Question 31
Question 29 What is the predominant component of the hilar structures?
What is the density of the lungs on Chest radiograph? Select one:
Select one: a. Mainstem bronchi
a. radiodense b. Pulmonary arteries
b. Isodense ● In over 90% of individuals, the left hilum is higher
c. Hyperdense than the right hilum; since hilar density/shadow is
d. radiolucent predominant of the pulmonary arteries.
● Radiolucent refers to less dense (hypodense) c. Lymphatics
substance. d. Superior pulmonary veins

Term Other term Image

Question 32
Hypodense Lucent Black What structure is NOT grossly visible on Chest PA view?
Select one:
Isodense N/A As white as a. Left ventricle
b. Right ventricle
Hyperdense Opaque Very White ● From ppt:
(Dr. Perez PPT lecture; Batch 2020 Introduction to Diagnostic
Imaging Trans)

(Dr. Perez PPT lecture)

●
c. Aortic knob
Question 30
● aka aortic knuckle
What is the density of the humerus in relation to the lungs on
(​https://jemds.com/latest-articles.php?at_id=4847​)
chest radiograph?
● From ppt:
Select one:
a. hyperdense
● Bones and other soft tissues have greater density.
Hence, they absorbed more density. This results to a
white image (Dr. Perez PPT lecture). Since the
humerus is a bone, it has greater density than the
lungs, which is filled with air. In conclusion, the
humerus is hyperdense to the lungs.
b. radiolucent
c. hypodense
d. isodense
●
d. Right atrium

Page 13 
Question 33 d. + 100
TRUE about the depth of inspiration on chest radiograph,
EXCEPT.
Hounsfield Units
Select one:
a. failure to distend the lungs fully can cause crowding of the
- 1 000 air
vessels at the lung bases
b. the transverse cardiac diameter may appear enlarged if the - 100 fat
inspiration is shallow
c. at least 6 anterior ribs should lie above the diaphragm 0 water
d. 4 anterior ribs should be seen above the diaphragm to
achieve adequate inspiration on chest radiograph + 20 to + 80 soft tissues
● From the ppt:
+ 100 bone/mineral/contrast

> + 1 000 metal

Question 34
Which among the following diagnostic imaging modalities
uses sound waves to create an image?
Select one: (Dr. Perez PPT lecture)
a. MRI
● Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical Question 36
imaging technology that uses radio waves and a Which imaging modality has the disadvantage of using
magnetic field to create detailed images of organs ionizing radiation?
and tissues (Dr. Perez PPT lecture). Select one:
b. Ultrasound a. CT scan
● Diagnostic ultrasound (aka medical sonography or ● Computed tomography (CT) scan uses ionizing
ultrasonography) uses high frequency sound waves radiation.
to create images of the inside of the body. The b. MRI
ultrasound machine send sound waves into the body ● Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical
and is able to convert the returning sound echoes imaging technology that uses radio waves and a
into a picture (Dr. Perez PPT lecture). magnetic, instead of ionizing radiation (Dr. Perez PPT
c. X-ray lecture).
● X-ray (radiography) is the oldest and most commonly c. Ultrasound
used form of medical imaging. It uses ionizing ● Diagnostic ultrasound (aka medical sonography or
radiation to produce images of a person’s internal ultrasonography) uses high frequency sound waves,
structure by sending X-ray beams through the body, instead of ionizing radiation (Dr. Perez PPT lecture).
which are absorbed in different amounts depending
on the density of the material (Dr. Perez PPT Question 37
lecture). A calcified stone in the lumen of the gallbladder is seen on
d. CT scan ultrasound image as what?
● Computed tomography (CT) scan combines multiple Select one:
X-ray projections takes from different angles to a. hyperechoic
produce detailed cross-sectional images of areas b. hypoechoic
inside the body. It uses ionizing radiation (Dr. Perez c. hypodense
PPT lecture). d. isoechoic

Question 35
Term Image
What is the Hounsfield Unit of Fat on CT scan?
Select one:
Hyperechoic acoustic very white
a. 0
enhancement
b. -1000
(“white” region
c. -100

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 behind a
particular
structure)

Isoechoic as white as (used

in relation to
another ●
structure) ● Mnemonic: T2 = World War 2 (WW2) = water 2
b. T1WI
Hypoechoic/anec acoustic dark/completely
hoic shadowing black Question 40
(“black” region Most pathology in cranial MRI is readily seen on what
behind a sequence?
particular Select one:
structure) a. T2WI
(Dr. Perez PPT lecture) ● From the ppt:

Question 38
The following are true regarding the advantages of MRI,
EXCEPT.
Select one:
a. can be use in patients with pacemaker
● from the ppt:

●
b. better soft tissue resolution
c. extremely versatile
d. no ionizing radiation
● From the ppt: ●
b. T1WI

Question 41
The following soft tissue organs are visible on abdominal Xray
are, EXCEPT.
Select one:
a. kidneys

Question 39
Water is bright on what sequence in MRI?
Select one:
a. T2WI
● From the ppt:

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 ●
b. appendix
c. spleen ●
d. liver b. Right mainstem bronchus
c. Left mainstem bronchus
Question 42 d. Carina
Identify:
Question 43
Identify:

Select one:
a. Trachea
● From the ppt: Select one:
a. Aorta
b. Heart
● From the ppt:

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 ● ●
c. Superior vena cava d. Hila
d. Inferior vena cava ● From the ppt:

Question 44
Identify:

Question 45
Identify:

Select one:
a. Inferior vena cava
b. Superior vena cava
● SVC

Select one:
a. Anterior rib
● ● From the ppt:
c. Aorta
● number 6

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 c. Anterior rib
d. Posterior rib
● From the ppt:

●
b. Clavicle
c. Scapula
●

Question 47
Identify:

●
d. Posterior rib

Question 46
Identify:

Select one:
a. Kidney
● From the ppt:

Select one:
a. Scapula
b. Clavicle

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 Select one:
a. Liver
● The liver lies in the right upper quadrant (RUQ), seen
as a bland area of grey on an abdominal X-ray. The
superior edge of the liver forms the right
hemi-diaphragm contour (Dr. Perez PPT lecture).
b. Spleen
c. Stomach
d. Kidney

●
b. Stomach
● From the ppt:

●
c. Liver
d. Spleen

Question 48
Identify:

(Dr. Perez PPT lecture)

Question 49
Identify:

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Select one: Select one:
a. Liver a. Liver
b. Kidney b. Kidney
c. Spleen ● Kidneys lie at the level of T12-L3 and lateral to the
● Emphasis on the whiter structure. psoas muscles (Dr. Perez PPT lecture).

● ●
d. Stomach c. Stomach
d. Spleen
Question 50
Identify:

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 Select one:
a. Psoas muscle shadow
● The psoas muscles arise from the transverse
processes of the lumbar vertebrae and combine with
the iliacus muscles (Dr. Perez PPT lecture).
b. Large intestine
c. Small intestine
d. Properitoneal fat line

(Dr. Perez PPT lecture)

Question 51
Identify:

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 (1st figure from Dr. Perez PPT lecture; 2nd figure from
http://www.slideshare.net/ejheffernan/approach-to-pfa-inte
rpretation)

*Compiled with the help of Vivien Dayanghirang. Thank you!

^^ ​-Jena-

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