www.sakshieducation.

com

NUMBER SYSTEM
I. Digits = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Total number of different digit = 10
II. Numbers
1. Natural Numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, .....}

m
2. Whole Numbers = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .....}
3. Integers = {... –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ....}

o
4. Even Numbers = {2, 4, 6, 8, .....}

.c
5. Odd Numbers = {1, 3, 5, 7, ..... }
6. Prime Numbers = Numbers which has only 2 factor is prime number.

n
Ex: 2 = 2 × 1, 3 = 3 × 1, 5 = 5 × 1, 7=7×1

io
Or Number which is completely divisible by only one and itself is prime number.

at
Ex: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31
7. Composite Numbers: Numberes which has more than two factors is called composite
c
number or which is divisible by any other number is composite number.
du
Ex: 4, which is divisible by 1, 2 and 4.
♦ Upto 50 there are 15 prime numbers (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47)
ie

♦ In between 51 and 100 there are 10 prime numbers.

♦ 2 is the least prime number.
sh

♦ 4 is the least composite number.

♦ 1 is neither prime nor composite.
ak

P
8. Rational Numbers: Numbers which can be express in the form of , where P and Q
⎧ 3 7 8 −8 −7 0 ⎫ Q
are integers but Q ≠ 0 ⎨ , , , , ,0, ⎬
.s

⎩ 4 9 3 7 11 5 ⎭

{−1.5,2.57,1.73,1.3,2.37 }
w
w

9. Irrational Number: Numbers which are not rational called irrational number.
Ex: 2, 5,1.73....,.043....,.010010001.......
w

22
♦ π is irrational number but and 3.14 both are rational.
7

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

Test of divisibility
♦ Test of divisibility by 2: If last digit of given number is either 0 or divisible by 2.
Ex: 340, 668, 2356, 7298
♦ Test of divisibility by 4: If last 2 digits of given number is either '00' or divisible by 4.
Ex: 1600, 1724, 520, 448, 6324, 7156

m
♦ Test of divisibility by 8: If last 3 digits of given number is either '000' or divisible by 8.
Ex: 23000, 65640, 57351, 728240.

o
♦ Test of divisibility by 16: If last 4 digits of given number is either '0000' or divisible by

.c
16.
Ex: 51000, 6448, 314880, 539600, 31120

n
♦ Test of divisibility by 3: If sum of digits of given number is divisible by 3, then that num

io
ber is divisible by 3.

at
Ex: 6363, 3432, 56139, 7353
♦ Test of divisibility by 9: If sum of digits of given number is divisible by 9, then that num
c
ber is divisible by 9.
du
♦ Ex: 2169, 57663, 59886, 735984, 379872
♦ Test of divisibility by 6: If the given number is divisible by both 2 and 3.
ie

Ex: 59312, 6756, 5363154, 81312, 367884

♦ Test of divisibility by 11: If the difference & sum of digits at even places an odd places
sh

are either 0 or divisible by 11 then that number is divisible by 11.

ak

Ex: 4 8 3 2 7 1 8 is divisible by 11

since, (4 + 3 + 7 + 8) – (8 + 2 + 1) = 11
.s

♦ Test of divisibility by 5: A given number is divisible by 5 if unit digit is either 0 or 5.

w

Ex: 3765, 2350, 957315, 238760

♦ Test of divisibility by 10: A given number is divisible by 10 if last digit is 0.
w

♦ If we divide a number by another number, then

w

Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder

♦ Some series...
1
i. (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n) = n(n + 1)
2

1
ii. (12 + 22 + 32 + ..... + n2) = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

1 2
iii. (13 + 23 + 33 + ..... + n3) = n (n + 1) 2
4

PROBLEMS
1) The difference between the local value and the face value of 9 in the numeral
3792684 is ?

m
1) 8991 2) 89991 3) 899991 4) 888891

o
Ans: 1

.c
Sol: (Local value of 9) – (Face value of 9) = (90000 – 9) = 89991.

n
2) What is the place value of 2 in the numeral 34892651?

io
1) 20000 2) 200000 3) 2000 4) 19998
Ans: 3

at
Sol: Place value of 2 in the given numeral = 2000
c
du
3) Find which one of the following is true.
a) 437 is a prime number b) 811 is a prime number
1) Both a and b are true 2) Only a is true
ie

3) Only b is true 4) None of these

sh

Ans: 2
Sol: a) 437
ak

Clearly, (21)2 > 437.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 are the prime numbers less than 21.
.s

19 divides 437 completely.

... 437 is not a prime number.
w

b) 811
w

Clearly, (30)2 > 811.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 29 are the prime numbers less than 30.
w

None of these divides 811 completely.

... 811 is a prime number.

5) If 17200 is divided by 18, the remainder is:

1) 22 2) 1 3) 2 4) 16
www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

Ans: 2
Sol: We know that (xn - an) is divisible by (x + a), when n is even.
... (17200 – 1200) is divisible by 18.
⇒ (17200 – 1200) is divisible by 18, the remainder is 1.

m
6) The sum of first five prime numbers is:
1) 26 2) 16 3) 28 4) 24

o
Ans: 3

.c
Sol: The first 5 prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
The required sum is (2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11) = 28

n
io
7) What least value must be given to * so that the number 87315*6 is divisible by 11?

at
1) 2 2) 1 3) 7 4) 3
Ans: 4 c
Sol: (8 + 3 + 5 + 6) – (7 + 1 + x) = (14 – x) must be divisible by 11.
du
... x = 3.
ie

8) What least value must be given to * so that the number 91876*2 is divisible by 8?
1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 4
sh

Ans: 2
Sol: From the options, clearly 3 is the required value.
ak

EXERCISE
.s

1. The only even prime number is

w

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 0
w

2. The greatest five digit number is

w

1) 1000 2) 55555 3) 33333 4) 99999

3. The digit in ones place of the product (2153)167 is

1) 7 2) 4 3) 9 4) 5

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

4. The least number which must be added to 6709 to make it exactly divisible by 9 is
1) 1 2) 4 3) 5 4) 2

5. π is
1) Rational 2) Irrational 3) Imaginary 4) An integer

m
6. The number of ordered triples of positive integers which are solutions of the equa-

o
tion x+y+z = 100 is

.c
1) 5081 2) 4851 3) 6871 4) 7081

n
7. 252 can be expressed as a product of prime as

io
1) 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 2) 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7

at
3) 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 3) 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7

8. Τhe smallest three-digit prime number is

c
du
1) 103 2) 107 3) 109 4) non of these
ie

9. The sum of all natural numbers from 75 to 97 is

1) 1598 2) 1798 3) 1958 4) 1978
sh

10. The sum of first the first 20 odd natural numbers is equal to
ak

1) 210 2) 300 3) 400 4) 420

.s

ANSWERS
w

1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 1 6. 2 7. 2 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com