19 (a) State Le Chatelier’s Principle. [1 mark] (b) The Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia involves the following equilibrium. N,(g) +3H,(g) == 2NH(g) AH = ~95 k} mol State and explain how the equilibrium composition of ammonia would change (if any) with the following changes: (i) Lowering the temperature [3 marks] (ii) Decreasing the pressure [3 marks] (iii) Addition of a suitable catalyst [3 marks] (c) A mixture containing 1 mol of nitrogen and 3 mol of hydrogen were allowed to achieve equilibrium at 180 °C, 2000 atm and in the presence of a catalyst, the equilibrium mixture was found to contain 1.8 mol of ammonia. (i) Determine the equilibrium constant K, [2 marks] (ii) What can be said of the magnitude of K,? [1 mark] (iii) Explain why such conditions are not practically used? [2 marks] 20 (a) State what is meant by a buffer solution. [2 marks] (b) Explain why buffer is of utmost important in biochemical reactions occurring in our body. (c) An example of a buffer solution is an aqueous mixture of sodium ethanoate and ethanoic acid. Explain how the buffer works when a little acid or base is added to it. [2 marks] (ii) Calculate the pH of a buffer containing 0.40 mol dm of sodium ethanoate and 0.50 mol dm” of ethanoic acid. [K, of ethanoic acid = 1.8 x 10% mol dm] [3 marks] (d) The numerical value for solubility product, K,, of cadmium phosphate, Cd(PO,), is 2.5 x 10. Calculate the maximum mass of cadmium phosphate that can dissolve in 1 dm* of 1.0 x 10° mol dm* sodium phosphate, Na,PO,. [M, of cadmium phosphate = 526] . [2 marks] [6 marks]