Kamal Science 01115671119

3 Prep-First Term-Unit One

Graphical Representation of Moving Objects
G. R.F
Mathematicians use mathematical relations
between different variables.
* Variable is an alphabetic character whose
magnitude can be represented by a number
Answer:
To understand and describe physical phenomena.
Mathematical methods used by physicists:
1- Graphs 2- tables
G.R.F
Physicists use mathematical methods such as
graphs and tables.
Answer:
To:
 1- predict the relation between certain physical
quantities (such as distance & time)
2- understand the practical results
3- Describe physical phenomenon (such as motion)
in an easier way.
Graphical Relation between speed & time：

*A car starts to move from rest （Initial speed= 0）

*After 1 sec。， Its speed becomes 2m/s
* After another sec., its speed increases to 5m/s
*The driver had to use the brakes to slow down the
car, so its speed decreases to 1m/s.
* The car stops completely after another second.
Representing the uniform speed graphically:

If the relation between distance and time is a

straight line, then the car moves with a uniform
speed (Regular Speed).

We can calculate the speed by using the slop or

gradient between two points on the graphical line,
Then the speed can be calculated from the
following physical relation: speed=distance/time
Meaning of the Uniform speed:
The car covers equal distances in equal interval of
times.

Distance Time taken speed

Covered(cut) (elapsed)
20 cm 1sec 20 cm/s
40 cm 2 sec 20 cm/s
60 cm 3 sec 20 cm/s
Speed= distance/ time
The object cuts 20 cm for every one sec.
 The (distance-time) graph for regular motion at
constant (uniform) speed is represented by a
straight line passing through the origin point.
The car moves with a non –uniform speed (Irregular
speed)
Meaning of Non-Uniform Speed：
 The car cuts equal distances in unequal
intervals of time.
OR
 The car cuts unequal distances in equal
intervals of time.
The car stops = Body at rest
Speed:
 Distance covered by body in one second.
 Distance cut by an object in Unit time。
 Rate of change in the distance covered by the
object。
*Rate=-------/time
The Concept of acceleration:
Speed Time Acceleration
3 m/s 1 sec 3 m/s2
6m/s 2 sec 3 m/s2
9m/s 3 sec 3 m/s2
12 m/s 4 sec 3 m/s2
Acceleration= speed/ time
Acceleration:
 Speed covered by body in one second.
 Speed cut by an object in Unit time。
 Rate of change in the speed covered by the
object。
*Rate=-------/time
A car moves with a uniform acceleration

A car moves with a non-uniform acceleration

A car moves with zero-acceleration or steady

velocity or constant velocity
*The (speed –time)graph for regular motion at
a constant (uniform) speed is represented by a
straight line parallel to the tome axis.
Acceleration Deceleration
(Retardation)
Increase in velocity Decrease in Velocity

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