Building Management System BMS

By

Imam Kamil
(BEES/S14/0224)

Muhammad Latif Qureshi

(BEES/S14/0152)

2017

FacultyofEngineeringSciencesandTech nologyHam
dardInstituteofEngineeringa n d Technology
HamdardUniversity,MainCampus,Karachi,Pakistan
Building Management System BMS

By

Imam Kamil
(BEES/S14/0224)

Muhammad Latif Qureshi

(BEES/S14/0152)

2017

FacultyofEngineeringSciencesandTech nologyHam
dardInstituteofEngineering and Technology
HamdardUniversity,MainCampus,Karachi,Pakistan
 Building Management System BMS
By

Imam Kamil
(BEES/S14/0224)
Muhammad Latif Qureshi
(BEES/S14/0152)
Aproject presentedtothe

Faculty of EngineeringSciences and Technology

HamdardInstitute of Engineering andTechnology
Inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfor
thedegree of

BachelorsofEngineering
In
Electronics

FacultyofEngineeringSciencesandTech nologyHam
dardInstituteofEngineering and Technology
HamdardUniversity,MainCampus,Karachi,Pakistan
 FacultyofEngineeringSciencesandTechnologyHa
mdardInstituteofEngineering
andTechnologyHamdardUniversity,MainCampus,Ka
rachi.

CERTIFICATE
This project “Building Management System” presented by Imam Kamil&Muhammad Latif
Qureshiunder the direction of their project advisor’s and approved by the project examination
committee, has been presented to and accepted by the Hamdard Institute of Engineering and
Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics).

_____________________ ___________________
Engr. Muhammad Adeel (Member)
(Project Advisor)

_________________________ _________________________
Engr. Mohammad Faizan (Member)
(Co-Supervisor)

___________________ ___________________
Prof. Dr. Rashid Hussain
(Chairman Electrical Engineering (Director, HIET)
Department)
 ABSTRACT
The Final year project named as “Building Management System BMS” proposed in the

department of electronics engineering basically defines the cheap and very efficient management

system for commercial and domestic buildings. Here we are doing basic operations to control the

humidity, temperature, detection of smoke in case of any fire incident and along with this we are

also controlling the switching of lights based on the movement of people inside the rooms and

counting them too. The purpose of generating this Method Statement is to define the procedure

step by step to implement the correct practices for Installation of Building Management System

BMS to ensure that the site installation work execution complies with the project requirements

and serves the intended function to satisfactory level.

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

AllpraisesandthankstoAl-
Mighty”ALLAH”,themostmerciful,themostgracious,thesourceofknowledgeandwisdomendowe
dtomankind,whoconferreduswiththepowerofmindandcapabilitytotakethisprojecttotheexcitingoc
eanofknowledge.AllrespectsareforourmostbelovedHolyProphet“HazratMUHAMMAD(Peace
BeUponHim)”,whosepersonalitywillalways besourceofguidance for humanity.

AcknowledgementisduetoHamdardInstituteofEngineeringand
TechnologyforsupportofthisProject, a highlyappreciatedachievementfor us inthe undergraduate
level.

WewishtoexpressourappreciationtoEngr.Muhammad
Adeelwhoservedasourmajoradvisor.Wewouldliketoexpressourheartiestgratitudefortheirkeengui
dance,sincerehelpand friendlymanner whichinspires us to do well in the project and makes it a
reality.

Many people, especially our classmates and team members itself, have made valuable comment
suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our project. We thank
Engr.MuhammadFaizan&all the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete our
project.

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Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Motivation:............................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Aims and Objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Advantages: .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Organization of Thesis: .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.6 1st Evaluation Task: ........................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 4
LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Background: ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 System Overview:............................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Methods: ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Time Control Methods (for heating) .................................................................................. 6
2.3.2 Temperature control methods ............................................................................................ 7
2.3.3 Lighting control systems .................................................................................................... 7
2.4 History of development Thermostats and TRVs: ................................................................................... 8
2.5 Control Networks:.............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.6 Introduction to DELTA PLC and Software: ............................................................................................ 10
2.7 Profibus Communication: ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.8 Wiring of DELTA: ............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.9 About HMI:.......................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.9.1 Functions of HMI ............................................................................................................. 15
2.9.2 HMI Wiring ...................................................................................................................... 16
2.9.3 Communication Protocol ................................................................................................. 17
2.10 Relay ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.10.1 Types ............................................................................................................................. 20
CHAPTER 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 21
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE ............................................................................. 21

iii
3.1 About PIR: ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Rain Sensor:........................................................................................................................................................ 24
3.2.1 Technical parameters....................................................................................................... 25
3.3 Smoke Alarm: .................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.4 Magnetic Switch: .............................................................................................................................................. 27
3.5 Power Supply: ................................................................................................................................................... 29
CHAPTER 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 30
SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS .................................................................................................... 30
4.1 Main Graphical User Interface: ................................................................................................................... 30
4.2 Results:................................................................................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 33
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK .......................................................................................... 33
5.1 Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
5.2 Commercial Usage: ......................................................................................................................................... 33
5.3 Recommendations for future work: ......................................................................................................... 33
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................. 34
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................................... 37
a) Code: ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37
b) Data Sheets: .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
Raindrop Module ...................................................................................................................... 41
PIR Motion Sensor .................................................................................................................... 42
Thermistor PT-100 .................................................................................................................... 43

iv
Table of Figure
Figure 2. 1:Functions of Delta PLC[19] .........................................................................................................................13
Figure 2. 2:Pinouts of Delta EX-02 [20] ........................................................................................................................14
Figure 2. 3:Functions of HMI [21] ................................................................................................................................15
Figure 2. 4 : HMI Wiring of Schematic [22] .................................................................................................................17
Figure 2. 5:Communication Protocols [23] ..................................................................................................................18
Figure 2. 6:Relay [24] ...................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 3. 1:PIR Sensor [25] ...........................................................................................................................................22
Figure 3. 2:Working Principle of Motion Sensor [26] ...................................................................................................23
Figure 3. 3:Rain Drop Sensor Module [27] ...................................................................................................................25
Figure 3. 4:Smoke Addressable Detectors and Alarms [28] .........................................................................................26
Figure 3. 5:Magnetic Switch Sensors for doors [29] ....................................................................................................27
Figure 3. 6:Working Principle of switches [30] ............................................................................................................28
Figure 3. 7:Simple Electronic Circuit for reed switch [31] ............................................................................................28
Figure 3. 8:Complete Hardware of our final year project ............................................................................................29
Figure 4. 2:HMI Panel 2 ...............................................................................................................................................30
Figure 4. 3:Picture of hardware running condition ......................................................................................................32

v
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In today’s world everything is temporary except change and it is obvious that firms of now days
need professionals who have command in more than one field and hence our aim was to excel in
such area where we can find amalgamation of two or more than two techniques and in this regard
we found an area of building management system. It is very much true that in today’s era of
technology still people are deployed at manystatic places of commercial buildings and assigned
with a task to check whether the chillers and lights are switch on or off but the only paradox is
that this task is done by an ordinary electronic designed system proposed by us as our final year
project and this can be implemented innational and international market of all developing
countries easily.

1.1Motivation:

As in developing countries there are several places where people are monitoring the electrical
appliances are still running or switched off while no one will guarantee or cannot monitor if the
building area of stroyes are many hence one has to increase the employee number and in order to
provide an efficient method where employee number may be decreased up to a sufficient number
and all loads and conditions can be monitored easily we have chosen this problem.

1.2Problem Statement

After analyzing the area and problem we formulate our problem statement which states that the
area of establishing the environment inside the commercial and domestic buildings where at least
the necessary automation and control can be performed using PLC.

1
1.3Aims and Objectives

Here are the major Aims and objectives of our final year project:
 Monitoring and Control of Temperature and Humidity values
 Monitoring and control the smoke sensor readings and alarm
 Checking the doors are closed or not and presence of people inside building

And for above mentioned objectives we have to do following tasks as mentioned below:
 Interfacing of different temperature and humidity sensors and
 Interfacing the basic PIR Sensor and Smoke Sensor
 Buzzer for generating the alarm people

For above mentioned objectives we will require following tasks to be completed:

 Reading temperature and humidity of environment through PLC system
 When tag information verified then microcontroller generates new code by an algorithm
 Interface between GSM module and microcontroller

1.4Advantages:

By accomplishing the above aims and objectives it will be very much beneficial for the modern
metropolitan city to spend least amount in checking or maintain the building again and again i.e.
during this process and here are some of the advantages that can motivate the audience of
relevant field mentioned below:

 The role of the BMS in day to day building operation

 Building Control Applications

 Measuring and Monitoring building performance

 Interaction with other building systems

2
BMS controls and monitor the building’s Mechanical and Electrical equipment such as Heat
Ventilation, Air condition, Light and also includes Security system.It controls heating and
cooling to manage the system that distribute this air throughout the building, for example by
operating fan or opening/closing door.Basically it provides a single sea for monitoring and
control of various parameters in a building for all utilities.

1.5 Organization of Thesis:

This report documents the details of “Building Management System BMS Using PLC” and also
of its practical Implementation, which is done by using Delta Ex-2 and its Software. The primary
task in general are mentioned as under:
 Interfacing Temperature sensor.
 Interfacing Humidity Sensor
 Main entrance Gate open/close status
 Fire alarm Status

The report is divided into 5 chapters and the features and related to programming is also
described and lastly it is ended by conclusion and future work.

1.6 1st Evaluation Task:

 Placement of an intelligent system components at various locations in a building

 Alarming conditions
 System integration

3
CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Background:

The emergence of BMS has enabled new classes of applications for distributed systems that filter
into very many interdisciplinary fields. These networks have been used for solving problems in
the fields of distributed control, tracking and inventory, structural monitoring, fire-safety, habitat
monitoring etc. In the larger class of distributed control applications exists the area of Building
Management Systems. The objective of a BMS is to achieve optimal level of control of occupant
comfort while minimizing energy use. These control systems are the integrating component to
fans, pumps, heating/cooling equipment, dampers, mixing boxes, and thermostats. Monitoring
and optimizing temperature, pressure, humidity, and flow rates are key functions of modern
building control systems. These systems are inherently accustomed to using networked sensors
in some wired configuration and thus the integration of wireless sensor networks becomes harder
to sell to potential users. Users in the field need to perceive sensor networks as an attractive
addition with definite added benefits. Some of the possible benefits are ease and cost of
installation.

These networks are ad hoc systems, which can be built up and torn down with relative ease
without disturbing the environment. However, a key difference between the existing sensor
peripherals and wireless sensor networks is the flexibility of the platform. The underlying
hardware and software platform allows local processing and storage, and can perform complex
filtering and triggering functions, even application-specific or sensor 2 specific aggregation,
filtering, and compression of collected data.

The ability to communicate not only allows sensor data and control information to be
communicated across the network of nodes, but nodes to cooperate in performing more complex
tasks, such as statistical sampling, data aggregation, and system health and status monitoring.
Overall low-power design from radios, to protocol stack to sensing utilities allow these nodes to

4
run for extended periods of time on regular batteries. The computing and networking capabilities
allow sensor networks to be reprogrammed or retake after deployment in the field, and that is
one of the biggest benefits. Our goal is to develop an effective sensor network architecture for
building management applications, in general.

As a starting step we focus on one aspect of building management, HVAC control. The ability of
sensor networks to provide a value added benefit to this application will enable people in the
broader area of building management to embrace the new technology and further its spread. This
thesis develops a specific HVAC control application, one that is largely representative of the
domain. It presents a collection of requirements, constraints and guidelines for integration of
sensor networks into existing building management infrastructure.

Included as part of the design, are the hardware and sensor platforms, control units, and data
access and management facility. A simple solution to using multiple ad hoc sensors integrated
seamlessly into the control system provides insight into the behavior of long-term sensor
network deployments.

2.2 System Overview:

The technology area of building automation/management systems (BAS/BMS) and controls

includes a variety of systems, over a wide range of complexity, designed for the control,
monitoring and optimization of various functions and services provided in a building, including
heating and cooling, ventilation, lighting and often the management of electric appliances.

They make environments more comfortable, safe and efficient by integrating systems such as
heating, air conditioning, lighting, security and telecommunications rolled into one centrally
controlled, automated system. In order to do this effectively different systems need to be able to
communicate and interact with each other.

The primary objective of such a system is to achieve an optimal level of control of occupant
comfort while minimizing energy use. Monitoring temperature, pressure, humidity occupancy

5
and flow rates are key functions of modern building control systems. A BMS has to be properly
installed and commissioned for optimal operation and to realize potential savings. Energy
efficiency can be optimized by a combination of scheduling, controlling temperature and using
system economizer functions. Sensors out of calibration can lead to enormous energy waste.
Integration of other auxiliary functions such as fire detection and suppression and security and
occupancy detection can result in substantial cost savings. The use of these technologies allows
the optimization of various services often with large energy savings.

There are numerous methods by which building services within buildings can be controlled.
Most systems seek to control either by:

 Time: when a service such as heating or lighting is provided and when it should not be
provided

 Parameter representative of the service like temperature for space heating or luminance
for lighting. This can also vary with time

2.3Methods:

Control and BMS methods are described hereafter:

2.3.1 Time Control Methods (for heating)

• Time switches turn on and off the heating (or water heating) system at preselected periods (of
the day, of the week)

• Optimizers: these controls start the heating system in a building at a variable time to ensure
that, whatever the conditions, the building reaches the desired temperature when occupancy
starts

6
2.3.2 Temperature control methods

Frost protection generally involves running heating system pumps and boilers when
external temperature reaches a set level (0oC) or less in order to protect against freezing

Compensated systems: which control flow temperatures in the heating circuit relative to
external temperature thus allowing a rise in the circuit flow temperature when outside
temperature drops

Thermostatic radiator valves: these units sense space temperature in a room and throttle
the flow accordingly through the emitter (radiator and converter) to which they are fitted

Modulating control: can be applied to most types of heat emitters and is used to restrict
the flow depending on the load demand and this controlling the temperature

Proportioning control: involves switching equipment on and off automatically to regulate

output

Other methods are thermostats, occupation sensing (described hereafter for lighting
control) and interactive control

2.3.3Lighting control systems

Different control systems exist, either based on time control or a required level of luminance or
use of lighting

• Zoning: Lights are switched on in zones corresponding to the use and layout of illuminated
areas, in order to avoid lighting a large are if only a small part of it requires light

• Timed control: to switch on and off automatically in each zone to match a prerequisite schedule

7
for light use

• Occupancy sensing: In areas which are occupied intermittently, occupancy sensors can be used
to indicate whether or not anybody is present and switch the light on or off accordingly.
Detection systems are based on ultrasonic movement and infrared sensing

• Light level control: this consists of switching or dimming artificial lighting to maintain a light
level measured by a photocell. It is particularly necessary to give value to ambient daylighting
Building Management Systems

These technologies consist of both hardware and software. The hardware is typically represented
by one (or more) control and processing units and by a number of peripheral devices (which
control the operation of say, heating or cooling systems, artificial light-sources or other
appliances and which can be represented by sensors, thermostats, etc.,) connected to the control
units. The control unit, based on the information supplied by some of the peripherals or based on
pre-set instructions, runs the system.

The control unit can be as simple as a relay or a timer switching on or off an 8 electric water
heater or as sophisticated as a microprocessor operating on “fuzzy logic”. Commands can be sent
from the central unit to the peripheral units through Ethernet cable, power-lines or telephone
lines, fibre-optic cables or even using radio transmissions. The software is simply the program
and the instructions that allow the control unit to manage the operations of the peripheral devices
and of the appliances.

2.4 History of development Thermostats and TRVs:

They were the first control equipment to disseminate in the building owing to the first energy
crisis. Building management systems developed in the ‘80s in the residential and services
sectors, as simplified applications of systems and technologies already developed in the
industrial sector in the ‘70s to automate production processes and to optimize plant performances

8
These technologies were mostly based on the concept of Programmable Logic Controllers
(PLC). Subsequent developments, as well as most residential applications were later based on
“distributed-intelligence microprocessors”, whereby “intelligent” peripheral units are capable of
managing a variety of tasks and functions while a central unit acts as a supervisor. Once the trend
to industrial automation had expanded sufficiently in industrial countries, these technologies
sought new applications and markets in other sectors.

As these systems were rather expensive, the richest segments of the services and the residential
sector were the first target. Hence the first buildings to be equipped with systems and devices
were banks, large businesses and prestige buildings, and a few villas 9 and mansions for wealthy
people. The most widely used applications at the beginning were for security/safety purposes and
later on for air conditioning (heating/cooling) purposes.

The concept of “intelligent building” in its current definition was born about 8- 10 years ago.
Due to their cost, the first applications to become popular (and the ones with faster market
penetration rates) in the services and residential sector were security and safety devices (alarm
systems against burglars and intruders, fire alarm systems and smoke detectors, gas-presence
detectors). Other applications, especially those for energy management, have had a much slower
diffusion. Besides the cost of the equipment, which remains high even when it is not very
sophisticated, installation costs must be supported.

These are substantial and when already existing buildings have to be retrofitted they are usually
quite high. This is one of the primary reasons why any means of reducing the installation cost for
these systems could help increase the diffusion rate. Wireless peripheral devices are key to
bringing this to fruition with their minimal setup cost.

2.5 Control Networks:

Today There are many ways to create automated systems, from pneumatics to custom,
proprietary hardware and software solutions to open interoperable standards-based control
networks.

9
The open device networks have common traits including an open protocol; a prescribed
architecture (flat or tiered); device level interoperability; and a network operating system for
easy management, installation and remote services. In this sense, automation networks have
evolved similarly to PC networks.

2.6Introduction to DELTA PLC and Software:

Programmable logic controller (PLC) is a control system using electronic operations. Its easy
storing procedures, handy extending principles, functions of sequential/position control, timed
counting and input/output control are widely applied to the field of industrial automation
control.Delta's DVP series programmable logic controllers offer high-speed, stable and highly
reliable applications in all kinds of industrial automation machines.

In addition to fast logic operation, bountiful instructions and multiple function cards, the cost-
effective DVP-PLC also supports various communication protocols, connecting Delta's AC
motor drive, servo, human machine interface and temperature controller through the industrial
network in to a complete "Delta Solution" for all users.

WPLSoft is a highly accessible programming software application for Delta’s programmable

logic controllers (PLC). With its modular editing interface, WPLSoft integrates hardware
configuration, network configuration, and motion control programming into the same editing
platform. The user-friendly WPLSoft provides graphical interfaces and convenient wizards to
enhance software accessibility as well as editing flexibility.

WPLSoft offers up to 5 programming tools*, including: Ladder Diagram (LD), Function Block
Diagram (FBD), Sequential Function Chart (SFC), Instruction List (IL), and Structured Text
(ST), allowing users to choose proficient tools for better editing efficiency. Delta’s PLSoft
adopts the IEC 61131-3 standard and supports PLCopen® function blocks for quick
configuration of motion control programs that helps you save on project development time and
achieve more intelligent and powerful industrial control solutions.

10
This reference design is the schematic diagram is the Schematic human-machine interface (HMI)
smart display solution. A thin-film-transistor LCD capacitive/resistive touchscreen with a high-
performance microcontroller and essential circuitry on the back. The circuitry incorporates this
terrific microcontroller, the FT900, it provides a plethora of connectivity options, making it the
ideal choice for advanced technology bridging solutions. By executing instructions from shadow
RAM, rather than flash memory, the FT900 can operate at true Zero Wait States (0WS) up to
100MHz with 310 DMIPS performance.

The FT900 is connected to the FT812/813 graphics controller; the FT900 sends the initial
commands to the FT812/813, which then drives the display. The FT900 is also connected to
serial flash memory, for which they have provided a library that comes with the example for the
Schematic. The board can be programmed in two ways: with an external programmer or using a
bootloader. In the first case, the hardware engineers at schematic have provided an additional
breakout board which eases the process of putting down the code on the metal.

The board has a connector for mikroProg for FT900 on one end, and a serial cable connector on
the other. Attach the mikroProg, and on the other end, connect the board with the schematic
using the flat cable. The cable should go in the “main” connector of the schematic 7. The
breakout board also has the routed peripheral pins, in case you want to connect a peripheral
device to the board. The schematoc HMI also comes with a bootloader for FT900, that way, you
can program the board through the USB port.

2.7Profibus Communication:

PROFIBUS is an international fieldbus communications standard for linking process control and
plant automation modules. Instead of running individual cables from a main controller to each
sensor and actuator, a single multi-drop cable (or other communications link – eg fibre or
wireless) is used to connect all devices, with high speed, bi-directional, serial messaging used for
transfers of information.

This arrangement can offer huge savings on cabling costs, when compared with older methods,
particularly for large sites. It allows simple linking of devices from many different vendors and,

11
with care, can reduce installation, commissioning, fault-finding and associated plant downtime
costs.
Due to the use of serial messaging for transfer of sensor information to a controller and return of
any required actuator commands over one common bus link, special tools are necessary to view
what is happening on this vital communications artery. These tools are needed to verify the bus
integrity, the communication waveform shapes and content quality of the signals from each
separate device for verification of optimal operation and location of weaknesses and faults. For
most effective use, these tools need trained and experienced personnel able to apply the
appropriate tests, at the right location and to successfully understand and interpret the results
presented, so allowing rapid and accurate identification of any errors, and their correction.
There are two different versions of PROFIBUS. These are known as PROFIBUS DP and
PROFIBUS PA. Simplistically, PROFIBUS DP is usually run over violet sheathed, two core
screened cable, at speeds from 9.6 kbps up to 12 Mbps, using RS 485 balanced transmission. The
required speed for any one network is chosen to give an appropriate cycle time for
communication with all connected devices, to effectively and accurately achieve their respective
operational role in a timely manner. Slower communication speed allows longer cable runs and
are suited to more slowly changing operational systems – faster speeds and shorter cycle times
are needed for quickly changing systems. Note that the RS 485 standard allows connection of
only 32 devices – larger networks may be built by adding more, electrically isolated, segments
using repeaters and/or hubs.
PROFIBUS PA is normally run over heavier gauge, two core screened cables, often with blue
outer sheath, at fixed 31.25 kbps communications speed, with near identical message formats to
those of PROFIBUS DP, but here with both slave power and communications signals often
carried over the same wires. PROFIBUS PA communication may be employed for systems
needing intrinsically safe equipment where risks of explosion must be minimised.
Neither PROFIBUS DP nor PROFIBUS PA should be confused with ProfiNet which is a totally
different Ethernet based communications standard used for process measurement and control
over Cat 5 (or similar) twisted pair cables, as most frequently seen for linking office computers.

12
2.8Wiring of DELTA:

The greatest advantage of an HMI is the user-friendliness of the graphical interface. The
graphical interface contains color coding that allows for easy identification (for example: red for
trouble). Pictures and icons allow for fast recognition, easing the problems of illiteracy. HMI can
reduce the cost of product manufacturing, and potentially increase profit margins and lower
production costs.

Figure 2. 1:Functions of Delta PLC[19]

[15]

HMI devices are now extremely innovative and capable of higher capacity and more interactive,
elaborate functions than ever before. Some technological advantages the HMI offers are:
converting hardware to software, eliminating the need for mouse and keyboard, and allowing
kinesthetic computer/human interaction.

13
 Figure 2.2:Pinouts of Delta EX-02 [20]

2.9About HMI:

Since a panel that helps user to interact with machine is known as HMI whereas if the same
panel is communicating or interacting with user graphically is known as GUI.

The Human Machine Interface HMI Refer as User Interface, Man-Machine Interface and it is
used for Monitoring, Controlling, Managing or Visualizing Processes. It can use external buttons
or touch screen to control machinery. Most of the cases used for Real Time Data Acquisition and
can increase productivity by having a centralized control.

In Industrial aspect both GUI and HMI are synonyms to each other hence there is no as such
problem to name them either.

14
 Figure 2.3:Functions of HMI [21]

2.9.1 Functions of HMI

HMI has several functions and over here the wientek HMI 6050ITH may have several plenty of
functions such that mentioned below in bullets:

 Process Animation
Where one can see the process flow animated in front of screen.

 Data Monitor
Where one user may monitor the data i.e. temperature, pressure and any other
contiuously.

 Controlling Set Points

It is often used to feed values by which our DCS/SCADA System will start comparing
and generating actuation for our actuators.

15
  View Alarm and Events
Oftenly HMI is also used to get any alarm triggered or event being monitored using the
graphical display of weintek.

 History Database
By just injecting a SD Card one may generate a data log and create a data base too in this
HMI.

 Settings
In this section further nominal settings are provided in which one may change brightness
and control settings of our HMI.

 Generate Reports and Logs

Used to generate reports and excel sheets if once programmed accordingly.

2.9.2 HMI Wiring

One of the important and most significant part of interfacing HMI with PLC is how to wire it
with PLC using accurate protocol i.e. RS232 or RS485. As below mentioned diagram is shown
to you in this thesis:

16
 Figure 2. 4 : HMI Wiring of Schematic [22]

2.9.3 Communication Protocol

The protocol word means how to do or the way by which an action is being performed such that
a plc controller is communicating with any sensor and hence this requires a specific protocol.
There are several protocols i.e. modbus protocol, profinet and profi bus protocol and in addition
to this we have popular interfaces/communication protocols of RS232 protocol and RS485
protocol.

The major difference in between these mentioned protocols are that one RS232 is used for short
distance and the second one is used for large distance based communication. In this PLC we
have both options available

17
Figure 2.5:Communication Protocols [23]

18
2.10 Relay

It can be defined as an electrically operated switch, most of them are basically using
electromagnetic principle to operate as a mechanical switch and very some of are based on other
principles and hence we have two types of relays as mentioned below:

 Electro-Mechanical Relay &

 Solid State Relays

Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal, here low power
signal means a circuit with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits
or where several circuits must be controlled by one logic.
Discussing some historical facts, in the beginning these relays were used in long distance
telegraph circuits as an amplifier because they repeat the signal coming in from one circuit and
re-transmit it again to another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and
early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or
other loads is called a contactor.

Figure 2. 6:Relay [24]

19
Whereas Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a
semiconductor device to perform switching.
Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used
to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these
functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".

2.10.1 Types

Here are the several types of relays that are commonly available in the market, their names are
mentioned as below:

• Latching relay
• Coaxial relay
• Solid state relay
• Contactor
• Overload protection relay
• Time delay
• Vacuum relays

20
CHAPTER 3

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE

This experimental setup is quite easy to set at any environment, whereas here we have a sensor
for sensing temperature data DHT 11. As soon as temperature rises it will automatically switch
on relays which will open the electric ventilation. Similarly BSS Alarm status will be displayed
on HMI whereas A/C can also be switched on and off as per the value increased by PT-100 in
meanwhile one can see the all readings i.e. current, temperature etc. on HMI. Here we have also
fixed a PIR Sensor which whenever detect the motion it will trigger the lights of room
automatically and the counter simultaneously count the arrivals of people who enter and exit
inside and outside of the rooms.
In case if the door of room is open by mistake the RED Led status will be displayed on HMI
otherwise it will remain green. It should be noted that initially we used DHT11 sensor for our
first evaluation task but later on we went for PT-100 for more accurate and industrial related
readings and environment.

3.1 About PIR:

PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within approximately 10m from the sensor.
This is an average value, as the actual detection range is between 5m and 12m.PIR are
fundamentally made of a pyro electric sensor, which can detect levels of infrared radiation.
For numerous essential projects or items that need to discover when an individual has left or
entered the area. PIR sensors are incredible, they are flat control and minimal effort, have a wide
lens range, and are simple to interface with.
Most PIR sensors have a 3-pin connection at the side or bottom. One pin will be ground, another
will be signal and the last pin will be power. Power is usually up to 5V. Sometimes bigger
modules don’t have direct output and instead just operate a relay which case there is ground,
power and the two switch associations.

21
Interfacing PIR with microcontroller is very easy and simple. The PIR acts as a digital output so
all you need to do is listening for the pin to flip high or low. The motion can be detected by
checking for a high signal on a single I/O pin. Once the sensor warms up the output will remain
low until there is motion, at which time the output will swing high for a couple of seconds, then
return low.
If motion continues the output will cycle in this manner until the sensors line of sight of still
again. The PIR sensor needs a warm-up time with a specific end goal to capacity fittingly. This is
because of the settling time included in studying nature’s domain. This could be anyplace from
10-60 seconds.Throughout this time there ought to be as little movement as could reasonably be
expected in the sensors field of perspective.
An automatic door opening system consists of a pr sensor which senses the presence of human
being and sends pulses to the microcontroller which controls the motor driver by sending
appropriate pulses to its input pins and enable pin.
Generally, human body emits infrared energy which is sensed by the PIR sensor from a
considerable distance. The output from the PIR sensor i.e., passive infrared detector is amplified
to a transistor BC547, the output of which at the collector is connected to pin 1 of the
microcontroller. While any moving object is sensed by the PIR it develops logic high at its
output which gets inverted by the transistor used to develop a logic low at pin 1 of
microcontroller.

Figure 3. 1:PIR Sensor [25]

22
Thus the microcontroller receives a logic low signal from the pr sensor through the transistor and
through proper programming, sends a logic low to pin 2 and logic high to pin 7, making the
motor run in forward direction and the door connected to the shaft of the motor opens. The
program is so written that it delivers appropriate input to the motor driver IC L293D as explained
above, to run the motor in one direction, so as to enable a door open situation. As the door gets
fully opened an interrupt signal is received from the motor door from an SPDT leaf switch to
stop the motor by placing zero logic once the door reaches to extreme end to enable pin of
L293D for disabling the motor.

Figure 3.2:Working Principle of Motion Sensor [26]

23
In other words, the current signal from the SPDT switch sends a interrupt signal to the
microcontroller and it sends a output of logic low to the enable pin input of the motor ic, thus
stopping the motor. After few seconds the microcontroller sends reverse logic to the motor driver
IC such that the motor rotates in the opposite direction representing closing of the door. This
happens as the microcontroller sends a logic low to pin2 and logic high to pin7and the motor
reverses its direction and door gets automatically closed. This happens few seconds after the
person crosses the door path. Thus the door can be closed or opened automatically as a person
approaches it or leaves through it.

3.2 Rain Sensor:

The Raindrop Detection Sensor module is an easy-to-use and low cost drop recognition sensor.
The sensor works through a series of exposed parallel traces on board which produces electrical
variations when drops or water volume changes. By using microcontrollers or ADC ICs
(Arduino and PIC) it's fairly easy to convert the analog output from the sensor to digital values.

1. Water Sensor water level sensor is an easy-to-use, cost-effective high level/drop recognition
sensor, which is obtained by having a series of parallel wires exposed traces measured
droplets/water volume in order to determine the water level

2. Easy to complete water to analog signal conversion and output analog values can be directly
read Arduino development board to achieve the level alarm effect

3. Rainwater can be used to detect water level detection

This can be directly read by an Arduino or a comparator circuit if you wish to use it as a rain
detection alarm. It can be used to monitor a variety of weather conditions.

24
3.2.1 Technical parameters

1. Operating voltage: DC3.3-5.5V

2. Operating current: less than 20mA

3. 4 M2 screws positioning holes

4. The output format : digital switching outputs

Figure 3. 3:Rain Drop Sensor Module [27]

3.3 Smoke Alarm:

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial
security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system, while
household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or
visual alarm from the detector itself.

25
Smoke detectors are housed in plastic enclosures, typically shaped like a disk about 150
millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but shape and size vary. Smoke can
be detected either optically (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), detectors may use
either, or both, methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking in areas
where it is banned. Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial, and residential buildings are
usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by the building power with a
battery backup.
Domestic smoke detectors range from individual battery-powered units, to several interlinked
mains-powered units with battery backup; with these interlinked units, if any unit detects smoke,
all trigger even if household power has gone out.
The risk of dying in a home fire is cut in half in homes with working smoke alarms. The US
National Fire Protection Association reports 0.53 deaths per 100 fires in homes with working
smoke alarms compared to 1.18 deaths in homes without (2009-2013). Some homes don't have
any smoke alarms, some don't have working batteries; sometimes the alarm fails to detect the
fire.

Figure 3. 4:Smoke Addressable Detectors and Alarms [28]

26
3.4 Magnetic Switch:

A reed switch can be switched on/off by applying a magnetic field. You can read up on reed
switches Reed switches can be normally open or normally closed.

Figure 3. 5:Magnetic Switch Sensors for doors [29]

We bought some reed switches and magnets from Digike.Let’s build a simple door alarm using a
“normally open” reed switch, a small magnet and a WiSense sensor node. Let’s assume that the
sensor node is powered by a coin cell battery. We can use one plastic enclosure to house the
sensor node and the reed switch. We also need a tiny enclosure to house the magnet.

27
 Figure 3. 6:Working Principle of switches [30]

When installing the magnet and the sensor/switch enclouse, make sure that the magnet is
sufficiently close to the reed switch when the door is in the closed position.
Obviously we want the battery to last as long as possible. The micro (MSP430) and the radio
(cc2520) on the sensor node should stay in deep sleep as much as possible. We need an interface
circuit which will generate an interrupt on a GPIO pin whenever the switch changes state. This
will wake up the micro-controller (from its deep sleep mode) whenever the switch opens or
closes. This technique keeps energy consumption to a minimum. It also ensures that the device
immediately reacts whenever the door being monitored opens or closes.

Figure 3. 7:Simple Electronic Circuit for reed switch [31]

28
3.5Power Supply:

Delta DVP-EX2 PLC is widely used PLC in industrial automation. DVP-EX2 series provides
16~ 60 points MPU and 8 ~ 32 points digital I/O module. The maximum I/O points including
those on the MPU are 256 points. DVP-ES2 can be used for various applications with different
I/O points, power supply, digital I/O and analog I/O modules.

Figure 3. 8:Complete Hardware of our final year project

29
CHAPTER 4

SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS

4.1 Main Graphical User Interface:

Figure 4. 1:Main Graphical User Interface GUI

Figure 4. 2:HMI Panel 2

30
Figure 4.3:HMI Panel 2

31
4.2 Results:

Figure 4. 3:Picture of hardware running condition

32
CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 Conclusion:

In this project report we tried to present the quality BMS System for domestic and industrial
purpose. Keeping all necessary parameters in view. For this we use concept of industrial
electronics and instrumentation to set up the experimental prototype and did the professional
course needed on Delta ES-02 PLC module and learn ladder logic in order to execute the project
in efficient manner.

5.2 Commercial Usage:

Being an electronic engineer we always go for an idea that can later be marketed in society and
can advance the human life. Hence in the same regard we will make it in product form and will
try to portray at different exhibitions so that the commercially people may buy it and in this
manner an employment source can be generated

5.3Recommendations for future work:

As in today’s market every PLCs has its own software, we being project partners of this project
willing to suggest that one may go for Schneider market because it provide one platform for all
programmable logic controllers which means it will be beneficial for vendor to maintain the
product.

33
REFERENCES
[1]. D. H. Stefanov and Z. Bien, The Smart House for Older Persons and Persons With Physical
Disabilities: Structure, Technology Arrangements, and Perspectives, IEEE Transactions On
Neural Systems And Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 2, June 2004, pp. 228-250 O.
Bingol et al. Web-based Smart Home Automation: PLC-controlled Implementation – 62 –

[2] J. Lertlakkhanakul, J. W. Choi and M. Y. Kim, Building Data Model and Simulation
Platform for Spatial Interaction Management in Smart Home, Automation in Construction, Vol.
17, Issue 8, November 2008, pp. 948-957

[3] A. R. Al-Ali and M. AL-Rousan, Java-based Home Automation System, IEEE Transactions
on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 2, May 2004, pp. 498-504

[4] R. J. C. Nunes and J. C. M. Delgado, An Internet Application for Home Automation, 10th
Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, MeleCon 2000, Vol. I. pp. 298-301

[5] C. Douligeris, Intelligent Home Systems, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 31, Issue
10, October 1993, pp. 52-61

[6] Y.-J. Mon, C.-M. Lin and I. J. Rudas, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Control for Indoor
Temperature Monitoring, ActaPolytechnicaHungarica, Vol. 9, No. 6, 2012, pp. 17-28

[7] L. Jiang, D.-Y. Liu and B. Yang, Smart Home Research, Proceedings of the Third
International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Vol. 2, August 2004, pp. 659-
663

[8] E. N. Yılmaz, Education Set Design for Smart Home Applications, Computer Applications in
Engineering Education, Vol. 19, Issue 4, December 2006, pp. 631-638

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[9] İ. Coşkun and H. Ardam, A Remote Controller for Home and Office Appliances by
Telephone, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 44, Issue 4, Nov. 1998, pp. 1291-
1297

[10] A. K. Gupta, S. K. Arora, Industrial Automation and Robotics, Dec 1 2007, 348 pages,
Laxmi Publications, ISBN-10: 8131801810

[11] S.-J. (‘‘Tony’’) Hsieh, P. Y. Hsieh, Web-based Modules for Programmable Logic Controller
Education, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, Vol. 13, Issue 4, December 2005,
pp. 266-279

[12] T. Yigit and Ç. Elmas, An Educational Tool for Controlling SRM, Computer Applications
in Engineering Education, Vol 16, Issue 4, 2008, pp. 268-279

[13] A. Keyhani, M. N. Marwali, L. E. Higuera, G. Athalye and G. Baumgartner, An Integrated

Virtual Learning System for the Development of Motor Drive Systems, IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems, Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2002, pp. 1-6

[14] L. Burnell, A. Sanchez, J. Priest, and C. Hannon, The Crescent Lab: A Smart Home Lab for
Students, Computer Science, ENC ’06. Seventh Mexican International Conference, 2006, pp. 55-
61 ActaPolytechnicaHungarica Vol. 11, No. 3, 2014 – 63 –

[15] M. Jimenez, P. Sanchez, F. Rosique, B. Alvarez and A. Iborra, A Tool for Facilitating the
Teaching of Smart Home Applications, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 8 FEB
2011, DOI: 10.1002/cae.20521

[16] S. Alayon, C. Gonzalez and P. Toledo, A Laboratory Experiment for Teaching Automation
Inspired by the Smart Home, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 24 Feb 2011,
DOI: 10.1002/cae.20530

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[17] F. Mateos, V. M. Gonza´lez, R. Poo, M. Garcı´a, and R. Olaiz, Design and Development of
an Automatic Small-Scale House for Teaching Domotics, Proceedings of 31st ASEE/IEEE
Frontiers in Education Conference, Reno, Nevada, 2001, Vol. 01

[18] J. L. Guzman, M. Berenguer, F. Rodriguez, and S. Dormido, Web-based Remote Control

Laboratory using a Greenhouse Scale Model, Computer Applications in Engineering Education
Vol. 13, Issue 2, Jul 2005, pp. 111- 124

[19] https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/delta-plc-15792770773.html

[20] http://www.automation-talk.info/2012/04/delta-dvp-es2-plc-manual-instruction.html

[21] https://docs.inductiveautomation.com/display/DOC/Designer+Basics

[22] http://aliveandbloggin.com/hmi-wiring-diagram.html

[23] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-connection-the-communication-device-and-HMI-
of-CNC_283433155

[24] http://uk.farnell.com/omron-industrial-automation/ly2-24vdc/relay-dpdt-120vac-28vdc-
15a/dp/1340934

[25] http://www.circuitstoday.com/interface-pir-sensor-to-arduino

[26] http://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/how-pir-sensor-works-and-how-to-use-it-
with-arduino/

[27] http://www.xcluma.com/rain-drop-detection-module-sensor-raindrops-humidity-weather-
sensor-yl83

[28] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_detector

[29] https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/magnetic-switch-11169412073.html

[30] https://wisense.wordpress.com/2013/12/03/build-a-door-alarm-using-a-reed-switch/

[31] https://wisense.wordpress.com/2013/12/03/build-a-door-alarm-using-a-reed-switch/

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APPENDIX
a) Code:

37
38
39
40
b) Data Sheets:

Raindrop Module

The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as a switch when
raindrop falls through the raining board and also for measuring rainfall intensity. The module
features, a rain board and the control board that is separate for more convenience, power
indicator LED and an adjustable sensitivity though a potentiometer.

Specifications

Adopts high quality of RF-04 double sided material.

Area: 5cm x 4cm nickel plate on side,

Anti-oxidation, anti-conductivity, with long use time;

Comparator output signal clean waveform is good, driving ability, over 15mA;

Potentiometer adjust the sensitivity;

Working voltage 5V;

Output format: Digital switching output (0 and 1) and analog voltage output AO.

1. VCC: 5V DC
2. GND: ground
3. DO: high/low output
4. AO: analog output

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PIR Motion Sensor

Nearly all PIRs will have slightly different specifications, although they all pretty much work the
same. If there's a datasheet, you'll want to refer to it.

Size: Rectangular
Output: Digital pulse high (3V) when triggered (motion detected) digital low when idle (no
motion detected). Pulselengths are determined by resistors and capacitors on the PCB and differ
from sensor to sensor.
Sensitivity range: up to 20 feet (6 meters) 110° x 70° detection range
Power supply: 5V-12V input voltage for most modules (they have a 3.3V regulator), but 5V is
ideal in case theregulator has different specs.

42
Thermistor PT-100

43
44