Sei sulla pagina 1di 26

Tubing Selection

Learning Objectives

 Tubing Materials
 Tubing Size Considerations
 Design Factors
 Examples of Tubing Catalogs

1 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing String Selection and Design Objectives

To enable:
 Optimize production from producing zones
 Routine maintenance (wireline)
 Facilitate stimulation treatment
 Well killing
 Abandonment

2 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Material

Selection requires the specification of :


 material grade (=quality)
 operational parameters
 dimensions
 thread and connection type

3 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Which Tubing Grade?

API Specification for Casing and Tubing (API SPEC 5CT)

Selection of tubing grade is based on:


 Physical strength
 Chemical Properties (resistance to H2S, CO2, water etc.)
 Availability and standardisation at customer
 Cost

4 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Grade Examples

API identification of tubing GRADE


 character + two digit figure

 character is an indication of the type of steel


- (C, J, K, L, etc)
 two digit figure X 1000 PSI = yield strength

 API L80 = Carbon Steel. Suitable for H2S service


- Relatively inexpensive
 API P105 = high strength steel. Suitable for deep wells, high load.
- Expensive

5 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Yield strength

Force
Tensile strength

upper
Yield strength plastic
lower
deformation

elastic
deformation
a

Length
Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved

6
Tubing Material

Material Type selection?


 establish the wellbore environment

- Sour Gas: resistance to H2S, > low hardness, stress relieved, > J55, C75, C95.

- Sweet Gas: CO2, provisions for inhibition or appropriate material selection, > L80 13 Cr

7 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Material

Operational parameters (1)


 mechanical and hydraulic loading on the tubing string under the range of
envisaged operating conditions
 Cold fluid injection > contraction
 Load cycles > fatigue > avoid high grade materials

8 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Material

Operational parameters (2)


 abrasion and erosion properties of the fluid.
- external erosion (blast joint)

- internal erosion (flow couplings above and below turbulence inducing components)

 internal/external fluid pressures


- > strength

- > connections leak tight

9 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Selection

Dimensional data?
 Consider:
- Inside and outside diameter (ID/OD)

- Upsets and profiles in tubing at connection

- Connection type and size

10 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Example of a Tubing Connection

11 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Selection Criteria (Forces & Stresses - 1)

 Tension:
- Loading due to own weight and retrieving certain packers.
- Actual stress < 80% of tubing yield strength

 Compression:
- Loading when setting certain packers.

12 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Selection Criteria (Forces & Stresses - 2)

 Collapse:
- when annulus pressure is high and tubing is empty
• design by assuming that annulus is full of liquid, while the tubing is empty and has
maximum tubing head pressure at surface (i.e. CITHP)

 Burst:
- when tubing pressure is high, and annulus is empty

13 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Selection/Design Factors (1)

 For the criteria:


- Forces and stresses
- Wellbore environment

 Selection balance between:


- grade and weight (=lbs/ft > wall thickness)
- type of connection > strength
> leak potential

14 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Selection/Design Factors (2)

 For the criteria:


- Production rate
- Logging and wire line
- Well bore environment

 Selection balance between:


- ID pipe body
- Type of connection ID & OD and turbulence

15 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing - detailed specification

 Size and dimensions


- OD (up to 4 1/2” - Tubing, over 4 1/2” - Casing)
- Weight (lbs/ft)
 Material grade
- Minimum yield strength
(J-55 = 55000 psi, N-80 = 80000 psi)
 Tubing connection
- Non-Upset or Upset
- Premium joint
- Coupling OD
 Construction
- Seamless
16 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved
Tubing

Key Message
 Tubing is not just another “piece of pipe”!
- special equipment manufactured to high standards in order to, withstand high stresses,
pressures and temperatures often in a corrosive environment for long periods.

- Failure to select and run the right Tubing can result in expensive workovers and even
possible loss of the Well.

- Generally it cannot be welded

17 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Example of Tubing Materials and Dimensions
Mannesmann oil field tubulars

I J K L M N O P Q R S T
J-55 2.375-4.500 55 75 S
N-80 2.375-7.000 80 100 S
L-80 2.375-7.000 80 95 S x
L-80 13 Cr 2.375-7.000 80 95 23 S x
MW Cr 13-80 2.375-7.000 80 95 23 S x
C-90 2.375-7.000 90 100 25 S x
MW-90 SS 2.375-7.000 90 100 24 S x
MW-90 SS HC 4.500-7.000 90 100 24 S x
P-110 2.375-7.000 110 125 S x
MW-110 LT 2.375-7.000 110 125 S x x
Vallourec Industries

95 VT 2.375-4.500 95 105 S x
L80 VK 2.375-4.500 80 95 S x
110 Hastelloy® G3 2.375-4.500 110 115 35 S x x x x x
Key
I - Grade L - Tensile strength, minimum, 000 psi
J - Tubing OD range, min. to max, in M - Hardness, HRC
K - Yield strength, minimum, 000 psi N - Seamless (S) or welded (W)
Applications index
18O - Deep Wells
Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved Q - High collapse S - CO2 service
P - Low temperature R - Sour gas T - CO2, H2S, CI corrosive service
Sample of Tubing Materials

Vallourec Industries

Key
I - Grade L - Tensile strength, minimum, 000 psi
J - Tubing OD range, min. to max, in M - Hardness, HRC
K - Yield strength, minimum, 000 psi N - Seamless (S) or welded (W)
Applications index
O - Deep Wells Q - High collapse S - CO2 service
P - Low temperature R - Sour gas T - CO2, H2S, CI corrosive service

Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


19 Copyright ©2011 NExT. All rights reserved
International Standards relevant to Tubular Goods

API Committee 5 – Tubular Goods


 Specification and Publications

- The API Committee 5 on Standardisation of Tubulars Goods publishes and continually


updates a series of Specifications, Standards, Bulletins and Recommended practices
severing the manufacture, performance and handling of tubular goods.

20 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Sample of Tubing Materials

Kawasaki Steel Corp.

Nippon Steel Corp.

Key
I - Grade L - Tensile strength, minimum, 000 psi
J - Tubing OD range, min. to max, in M - Hardness, HRC
K - Yield strength, minimum, 000 psi N - Seamless (S) or welded (W)
Applications index
O - Deep Wells Q - High collapse S - CO2 service
P - Low temperature R - Sour gas T - CO2, H2S, CI corrosive service
Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved
21 Copyright ©2011 NExT. All rights reserved
API Recommended Practices & Specifications

 Specification for Casing and Tubing


– API SPEC 5CT (Metric Units)
 Specification for Casing and Tubing
– API SPEC 5CT (US Customary Units)
 Recommended Practice for Care and Use of Casing and Tubing
– API RP 5C1
 Bulletin on Performance Properties of Casing, Tubing & DP
– API BULL 5C2
 Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing, Tubing, Drill Pipe,
and Line Pipe Properties
– API Bull 5C3
22 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved
International Standards relevant to Tubular Goods

International Standards Organisation (ISO)


– ISO is described as “the specialized international agency for standardisation”.
Members are from the national standard organisation of more than 91
countries. ISO is responsible for all fields of international standardisation
except electrical and electronic.

– ISO Technical Committee 67 (ISO/TC 67) – Oil Industry matters

– Issues standards on material, equipment and offshore structures used in


drilling, production, refining and the transport by pipelines of petroleum and
natural gas.

23 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved


Tubing Performance Properties
Tubing Performance Properties
Tubing Size Threaded and Coupled Integral Joint Joint Yield Strength*
Collapse Internal
Weight with Couplings Threaded and Coupled
Nominal Outside Inside Drift Drift Box Resisitance Joint
Size Diameter Grade Non Integral Diameter Diameter Non Upset Upset Diameter Outside (Pressure)* (Burst) Non Integral
Upset Upset
Upset Joint Upset Regular Special Diameter Pressure* Upset Joint
(in.) (in.) (lb/ft) lb/ft) (lb/ft) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (psi) (psi) (lb) (lb) (lb)

F-25X 6.40 6.50 – 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 – – – 3,870 3,300 32,990 45,300 –
H-40 6.40 6.50 – 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 – – 5,580 5,280 52,780 72,480 –
J-55 6.40 6.50 6.50 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 2.347 3.220 7,680 7,260 72,580 99,660 100,000
J-55 X – – 7.90 2.323 – – – – 2.229 3.437 9,550 9,250 – – 124,000
J-55 X – – 8.70 2.259 – – – – 2.165 3.500 10,530 10,320 – – 137,000
J-55 X – – 9.50 2.195 – – – – 2.101 3.625 11,470 11,390 – – 149,000
J-55 X – – 10.70 2.091 – – – – 1.997 3.687 12,960 13,120 – – 168,000
J-55 X – – 11.00 2.065 – – – – 1.971 3.750 13,310 13,570 – – 173,000
C-75 6.40 6.50 6.50 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 2.347 3.220 10,470 9,910 98,970 135,900 136,000
C-75X – – 7.90 2.323 – – – – 2.229 3.437 13,020 12,600 – – 169,000
C-75 8.60 8.70 8.70 2.259 2.165 3.500 3.668 3.460 2.165 3.500 14,350 14,060 149,360 186,290 186,000
C-75 X – – 9.50 2.195 – – – – 2.101 3.625 15,640 15,520 – – 203,000
27/ 8 2.875
C-75X – – 10.70 2.091 – – – – 1.997 3.687 17,670 17,890 – – 229,000
C-75X – – 11.00 2.065 – – – – 1.971 3.750 18,150 18,490 – – 236,000
N-80 6.40 6.50 6.50 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 2.347 3.220 11,160 10,570 105,570 144,960 145,000
N-80 X – – 7.90 2.323 – – – – 2.229 3.437 13,890 13,450 – – 180,000
N-80 8.60 8.70 8.70 2.259 2.165 3.500 3.668 3.460 2.165 3.500 15,300 15,000 159,310 198,710 198,000
N-80 X – – 9.50 2.195 – – – – 2.101 3.625 16,690 16,560 – – 217,000
N-80 X – – 10.70 2.091 – – – – 1.997 3.687 18,850 19,090 – – 245,000
N-80 X – – 11.00 2.065 – – – – 1.971 3.750 19,360 19,730 – – 251,000
P-105 6.40 6.50 6.50 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 2.347 3.220 14,010 13,870 138,560 190,260 190,000
P-105 X – – 7.90 2.323 – – – – 2.229 3.437 18,230 17,650 – – 236,000
P-105 8.60 8.70 8.70 2.259 2.165 3.500 3.668 3.460 2.165 3.500 20,090 19,690 209,100 260,810 261,000
P-105 X – – 9.50 2.195 – – – – 2.101 3.625 21,900 21,730 – – 285,000
P-105 X – – 10.70 2.091 – – – – 1.997 3.687 24,740 25,050 – – 321,000
P-110 X 6.40 6.50 – 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 – – – 13,080 14,530 145,160 199,320 –

*Collapse resistance, internal yield pressure, body yield strength, and joint yield strength are minimum values with no safety factor
.
x
Not API standard, it is shown for information only.
24 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved
Any Questions?

25 Copyright ©2015 NExT. All rights reserved

Potrebbero piacerti anche