Clinically Significant Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions With Carbamazepine - SpringerLink

Clinically Significant Pharmacokinetic
Drug Interactions with Carbamazepine

An Update
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
September 1996, Volume 31, Issue 3, pp 198–214
Edoardo Spina (1)
Franco Pisani (2)
Emilio Perucca (3)
1. Institute of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

2. Institute of Neurological and Neurosurgical Sciences, University of Messina,
Messina, Italy
3. Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics,
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Drug Interaction
First Online:
20 October 2012
171 Citations
1 Shares
Summary
Carbamazepine is one of the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs and is

also used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and psychiatric disorders,
particularly bipolar depression. Because of its widespread and long term use,
carbamazepine is frequently prescribed in combination with other drugs, leading
to the possibility of drug interactions.
The most important interactions affecting carbamazepine pharmacokinetics are

those resulting in induction or inhibition of its metabolism. Phenytoin,
phenobarbital (phenobarbitone) and primidone accelerate the elimination of
carbamazepine, probably by stimulating cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and reduce
plasma carbamazepine concentrations to a clinically important extent.
Inhibition of carbamazepine metabolism and elevation of plasma carbamazepine
to potentially toxic concentrations can be caused by stiripentol, remacemide,
acetazolamide, macrolide antibiotics, isoniazid, metronidazole, certain
antidepressants, verapamil, diltiazem, cimetidine, danazol and
(dextropropoxyphene) propoxyphene. In other cases, toxic symptoms may result
from elevated plasma concentrations of the active metabolite carbamazepine-
10,11-epoxide, due to the inhibition of epoxide hydrolase by valproic acid (sodium
valproate), valpromide, valnoctamide and progabide.
Carbamazepine is a potent inducer of CYP3A4 and other oxidative enzyme system

in the liver, and it may also increase glucuronyltransferase activity. This results in
the acceleration of the metabolism of concurrently prescribed anticonvulsants,
particularly valproic acid, clonazepam, ethosuximide, lamotrigine, topiramate,
tiagabine and remacemide.
The metabolism of many other drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, anti-

psychotics, steroid oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids, oral anticoagulants,
cyclosporin, theophylline, chemotherapeutic agents and cardiovascular drugs can
also be induced, leading to a number of clinically relevant drug interactions.
Interactions with carbamazepine can usually be predicted on the basis of the

pharmacological properties of the combined drug, particularly with respect to its
therapeutic index, site of metabolism and ability to affect specific drug
metabolising isoenzymes. Avoidance of unnecessary polypharmacy, selection of
alternative agents with lower interaction potential, and careful dosage
adjustments based on serum drug concentration monitoring and clinical
observation represent the mainstays for the minimisation of risks associated with
these interactions.
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Clinically Signiﬁcant Pharmacokinetic

Drug Interactions with Carbamazepine

September 1996, Volume 31, Issue 3, pp 198–214

1. Institute of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Carbamazepine is one of the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs and is

The most important interactions affecting carbamazepine pharmacokinetics are

Carbamazepine is a potent inducer of CYP3A4 and other oxidative enzyme system

The metabolism of many other drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, anti-

Interactions with carbamazepine can usually be predicted on the basis of the

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