Social Protection and Violence; has it

affects on your society

July 2010

Department of Management Sciences

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

 Social Protection and Violence; has it affects on your

society

Written by:
Wajahat Hussain

BBA (Hons) Marketing

Instructed By:

Muhammad Suhail Nazar

Assistant Professor
Department of Management Sciences, IUB

Department of Management Sciences

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
 Preface
This research paper has been written to find out the influence of social protection

and violence on the society. The basic aim is to find out what is meant by social

protection and violence and are they influence society. If so than how they do so.

We came to the conclusion that both social protection and violence has a great

influence on society.

We believe that careful management of social protection and enforcing laws

against violence can serve as the betterment of the society. We as a member of our

society should be aware of our rights such as social protection and should have much

courage to raise voce against violence.

This research paper also throws light on the areas or types of social protection and

violence. And also gives suggestion to overcome and control the affects of these two on

society.

Finally we like to thank all our fellows who supported us, and our research

instructor Mr. Suhail Nazar.

Wish all the best to readers

Team Members
 Abstract
Risk is everywhere. People feel no safety. Poor life, oppression and wish to live

decent life are the major concerns of today’s word.

This paper tries to understand the impact of social protection and violence on the

society. Is there any affect of these two factors? If so than how they affect the society?

First there will be a brief understanding of social protection and violence what are the

types of these two and finally what are the impacts of these two on the quality of

individuals and society.

Consulting different sources like web, media, reports and some social institutions

we came to the point that social protection and violence has the great impact on the

quality of society. Requiring careful management for the betterment of society.

 Introduction
There are different problems in this world now days. People are insecure about

every thing – their lives, health and about their future. There are many factors affecting

the quality of life and society. Violence, poverty, poor health, poor education and social

security concerns are some of these. These factors have a deep affect on society.

Social protection is the programs and policies intended to diminish poverty and

exposure by promoting proficient labor markets, retreating people's experience to risks,

and enhancing their competence to protect themselves against hazards and disruption/loss

of earnings. On one hand social protection ensure that all men and women have basic

social and economic security. At the same time it plays a more far-reaching by enhancing

the quality of life of individuals and societies.

Violence is the expression of physical or verbal force against self or other,

compelling action against one's will on pain of being hurt. Its been believed that reducing

violence and enhancing social protection policies and program can better the society. The

term violence covers a broad spectrum. It has many areas domestic violence, media

violence, sexual violence, emotional violence, cultural violence and religious violence. It

is an area of concerns for many laws and cultures trying to suppress and stop it.

The main aim of this paper is to identify is there any affect of social protection

and violence on the society? If there is than how it affects the society? What are the

causes and the ways to control? What are the benefits and what are the criticisms? We

will try to figure it out one by one, social protection, its types and its affects on society,

violence, its types and its affects on society respectively.

 Social Protection
Exposure to risk is undeniably part of the human condition. The sources of risk

are many, and all populations are inclined to obnoxious shocks resulting from natural,

health, social, economic, political, and environmental risks. As a result, sustainable

development and poverty reduction approaches are required where the social, economic

and environmental magnitudes of human welfare are mutually addressed (Juan Somavia,

2003)

Social protection can be recognized as one of the most significant social

achievements of the last century. Social protection is a quite new policy approach that

aims to incorporate concerns about social security and poverty reduction into a cohesive

framework (Kabeer, 2008). To date, the social protection agenda has generally been

presented in terms of categories of poor, excluded and vulnerable social groups,

differentiated according to age, health status and relationship to formal labor markets

(OECD 2009)

♦ Areas of Social Protection

There are five main areas in social protection (Asian Development Bank 2010).

Social protection intrusions are consist of protective, preventive, promotive and

transformative measures (OECD 2009)

1. Labor market (Transformative) policies and programs designed to promote

employment, the efficient operation of labor markets and the protection of

workers, for example, minimum wage legislation

 2. Social insurance (Preventive) programs to mitigate the risks associated with

unemployment, ill health, disability, work-related injury and old age

3. Social assistance and welfare service (Protective) programs for the most

vulnerable groups with no other means of adequate support, including single

mothers, the homeless, or physically or mentally challenged people

4. Micro-and area-based schemes (Promotive) to address vulnerability at the

community level, including micro insurance, agricultural insurance, social funds

and programs to manage natural disasters

5. Child protection to ensure the healthy and productive development of children.

When implemented properly they can serve as a tool for the reduction of poverty and

so as betterment for the society (Asian Development Bank 2010). Social protection

measures can have different and often overlying objectives and collisions (e.g.

simultaneously “promoting” incomes as well as “preventing” deprivation) (OECD2009)

♦ Social Protection and Society

According to Juan Somavia social protection programs enable societies to

advance the welfare and security of their citizens by protecting them from susceptibility

and dispossession so that they can chase a decent life. Social protection can meet the

crucial needs of human survival by ensuring that all men and women have basic social

and economic security.

Social protection affects the quality of life of individuals and societies by

• Developing and unleashing human potential

• Facilitating structural change

 • Increasing stability

• Advancing social justice and cohesion

• And promoting economic dynamism

(Juan Somavia 2003)

Social protection has a key role to play not only in enhancing equity through

relocation measures but also as a productive factor in promoting economic growth. At the

political level, social protection facilitates the acceptance of reforms because men and

women are shielded from potential risks. At the same time, social protection enables

individuals to undertake riskier activities with greater returns, which persuade economic

growth. Also social protection in the development process promotes the growth of human

and social capital, which enhances individual productivity, which is essential for

economic growth and sustainable development.

♦ Critics

In spite of its contribution to the development of human protection social

protection has always been the object of criticism (Juan Somavia, 2003). Critics say that

it overall has a negative affect on economic performance. They argue that it cost too

much requiring major portion of public funding and reducing the opportunity to invest in

other profitable sectors. They believe that it makes labor market depend on public support

overruling work ethics and so as hampering structural changes.

Above criticism has been greatly invalidated by the experience of countries

successful in economic, political and social terms that show that economic development

and social protection are mutually reinforcing (Juan Somavia 2003)

 Violence
Violence is best understood as a pattern of behavior projected to establish power

and uphold control over family, household members, cherished partners, colleagues or

groups. The roots of all forms of violence are founded in the many types of dissimilarity,

which continue to exist and grow in our society. In any form, violence and abuse

intensely affect individual health and welfare.

Violence is the deliberate use of physical force or power, vulnerable or actual, against

oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a

high likelihood of resulting in damage, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or

withdrawal.

♦ Causes

Violence is caused by emotions and a huge lack of discipline. Violence is a form

of pursuit (for everyone, no one has the courage or self poise to admit their sick joy when

they watch it or cause it). Violence is stupidity whim that people use to show there in

control.

♦ Types of Violence

• Physical Violence

• Sexual Violence

• Emotional Violence

• Psychological Violence
 • Spiritual Violence

• Cultural Violence

• Wheels of Power and Control and Equality

Physical Violence/ Domestic Violence

It happens when someone uses a part of his or her body or an object to influence others

actions. Physical violence includes, but is not limited to, the following:

• Pushing;

• Shoving;

• Pinning or holding a person down;

• Confinement;

• Pinching;

• Hair-pulling;

• Slapping;

• Punching;

• Arm twisting;

• Kicking;

• Biting;

• Strangling;

• Choking;

• Burning;
 • Overmedication;

• Assault with an object or weapon;

• Threats with an object or weapon;

• Stabbing; and

• Murder.

Sexual Violence

It occurs when others are forced to take part into sexual activities against their will.

Sexual violence comprises of, but is not limited to, the following:

• Touching you in a sexual manner against your will (i.e. kissing, grabbing,

fondling);

• Forced sexual intercourse;

• Forcing you to perform sexual acts you find degrading or painful;

• Use of a weapon to make you comply with a sexual act;

• Beating sexual parts of your body;

• Exhibitionism (need to expose body parts to others);

• Denial of a woman’s sexuality;

• Humiliating, criticizing or trying to control a woman’s sexuality;

• Denial of sexual information and education (i.e. birth control);

• Withholding sexual affection;

• Forced abortion or sterilization;

 • Forced prostitution; and

• Unfounded allegations of promiscuity and/or infidelity.

Emotional Violence

It occurs when others are emotionally hurt, make them realized that they are worthless

and are of no use. Emotional violence consists of, but is not limited to, the following:

• Name calling;

• Constant criticism;

• Blaming others for all relationship problems;

• Humiliating or belittling in front of others;

• Using silent treatment;

• Confinement to the home;

• Not allowing one to have contact with family and friends;

• Destroying possessions;

• Threats;

• Jealousy;

• Intimidation;

• Stalking;

• Threatening to take the children; and

• Threatening to commit suicide.

Psychological Violence

Through the use of threat and coercion make others afraid of us and then gaining control

over them is known as psychological violence. It includes, but is not limited to, the

following:

• Threatening to harm, their children or their family if they leave (for example);

• Threatening to harm themselves;

• Threats of violence;

• Threats of abandonment;

• Destruction of ones personal property;

• Social isolation from family and friends;

• Confinement to the home;

• Verbal aggression; and

• Constant humiliation.

Spiritual Violence

Using spiritual and religious beliefs to manipulate, gain control and dominate others fall

into spiritual violence. Spiritual violence includes, but is not limited to, the following:

• Trying to prevent from practicing religious or spiritual beliefs;

• Making fun of ones religious or spiritual beliefs;

• Forcing to raise children in another religion or spiritual choice; and

• Using religious or spiritual beliefs to manipulate, dominate or control.

Cultural Violence

Cultural violence is when someone gets harmed as a result of practices disregarded by

his/her culture, religion or tradition. Cultural violence includes, but is not limited to, the

following:

• Female circumcision;

• Rape-marriage;

• Sexual slavery; and

• Honor crimes.

♦ Violence and Society

Violence effects individuals and individual are the part of society they may have

attached to some community, group or social network. Ones behavior surely affects other

because he/she exercises violence on others. Different kinds of violence media, physical,

domestic or sexual have a drastic impact on people around. Media and domestic violence

are of major concerns of words arguments, because domestic violence is a broad term

covering physical, sexual, emotional and psychological violence.

Childs innocence is dominated by threat of violence. Kids try to avoid in school,

return home in fear of being beaten up (Kerby Anderson 1995). Domestic violence badly

affect child. When they see their parents exercising violation they feel it right to do so

and exercise on their siblings, friends and class mates. Media violence is another burning

issue. Television not only creates violence but fear as well (Kerby Anderson 1995). Child

sees thousands of murder on TV and impact of that on behavior is obvious. When child
will see such movies full of violation they will try to exercise them in real life. According

to statistics the average child confronts with 8,000 televised murders and 100,000 acts of

violence before finishing basic school. Television violence affects both adult and child

affecting perception and behavior (Kerby Anderson 1995). Particular types of toys also

drag towards violation- gun, sword etc. Parents should have a strong check and balance

on their child.

♦ Control

1. Deny watching violent television, movies, or videogames, try to spend extra time

in reading, meditating, being with family members, or engaging in activities that

are healthy and motivating.

2. Write to companies that sponsor violent shows warning them to stop.

3. Learn conflict resolution techniques before situation get worse

4. Support groups that offer mediation and violence prevention services.

5. Help children develop their own imaginative, creative and self oriented play,

away from media generated violent themes or “action heroes.”

6. Help children discover the healing power of nature by spending time with them in

natural environments.

7. Hold the victims of violence and their families in mediation and sympathies

(Gordon Davidson)
 Conclusion

Despite of cultures, geographies and systems men and women are exposed to

different contingencies. Exposure to risk is undoubtedly part of human life. There are

many sources of risk, and all populations are vulnerable to unpleasant shocks resulting

from natural, health, social, economic, political, and environmental risks. People are

afraid of violence, threats and abuses. They need surety of life, safety and security.

This paper has tried to through light on the role of social protection and violence

on society. What are the meaning of social protection and violence how they can affect

the life of individual and influence society? This paper has also tried to find some ways to

control these threats and tried to find ways to overcome.

We came to this point both social protection and violence has a great impact on

society. Social protection is the programs and policies design to avoid risks. Improving

the quality of life, developing and unleashing human potential, facilitating structural

change, increasing stability, advancing social justice and cohesion, and promoting

economic dynamism.

On the same side violence is the pattern of behavior projected to establish power

and uphold control over family, household members, cherished partners, colleagues or

groups. Violence falls in different areas like domestic, physical, media, sexual, cultural,

emotional and religious. Influencing the behavior and actions of individual. As

individuals are the part of society affected ones exercise violence on the members of that

society thus affecting society.

Finally in this paper it has be proven that social protection and violence both has a

clear and drastic impact on society.

 References

• OECD: Sustainable development: critical issues (Paris, 2001).

• A.Bonilla and J.V.Gruat, Social protection: “ A life cycle continuum investment

for social justice, poverty reduction and sustainable development” (Geneva,

November 2003)

• ADB: Social protection, reducing risks, increasing opportunity (May 2010)

• GSDRC: Social Protection and poverty reduction (university of Birmingham

2006)

• Kerby Anderson: Probe ministries “violence in the society” (1995)

• UNDP: Poverty in focus (June 2009)

• Gordon Davidson: The inner cause of violence and what you can do (2007)

• Bibi Baxter: Types of violence and cruelty (www.musicalenglishlessons.org)

• Cindy Hormansdorfer, GTZ: Health and social protection (OECD 2009)

• Sarojini Ganju Tahkur, Catherine Arnold and Tina Jhonson: Gnder and social

protection. (OECD 2009)

• Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Violence

• Bardhan, Pranab: Social Justice in the Global Economy (Geneva, International

Institute for Labour Studies, 2002).