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AFES Modules
Tank Earth Foundations Earth Foundations with a Concrete Ringwall Reinforced Concrete Slab
Foundation with a Crushed stone Ringwall
Type
Conditions The subgrade has adequate bearing capacity Large tanks, tanks with heavy or tall shells Pile supported foundation where soil
to be and acceptable settlements and self-supported roofs impose a bearing pressures are very low
considered substantial load on foundation under shell
When the anchorage is not necessary¶
Can be used where high foundation uplift
forced are encountered resulting form
internal pressure or wind/seismic loading to
provide for anchorage
Advantage The most economical type of tank foundation Allows very good leveling of the periphery The reinforced concrete slab is very
Provides uniform support of the tank bottom of the bottom and the shell which is recommendable when the level of the
by dissipating concentrated loads in a granular positioned on it underground water is high
pattern Can used in congested areas with space
limitations
Dis- Possible the uneven settlement which cause Relatively high cost than the crushed stone The foundation is very expensive
advantage additive effort in the future ringwall foundation
Difficult to construct flat level plane of the
bottom of the shell of the tank
(⇒ Leveling Ring※)
Notes
¶ Regions of low seismicity or in seismic areas where the tank diameter to height ratio is such that there is no uplift of the tank shell or small sloshing effect.
The magnitude of lateral forces, overturning moments, and associated hydrodynamic mass be determined to assess their impact on tank shell and foundation
design
※ A concrete leveling ring can be used under the tank shell in the gravel ring wall foundation. This leveling ring is 200mm deep by 300mm wide
unreinforced concrete whose primary function is to provide a stable level base upon which the fabricator can build the tank shell wall. Additional advantages
of the leveling ring are to distribute concentrated shell loads on to the gravel ring wall and minimize edge settlement under seismic condition
2. Tank Foundation Design Process
Start
Choose Project
Create Structure
IF Pile Foundation,
Array Pile Data
END
3. ‘Tank Foundation Data’ Input
1. Click “New/Open Project” to generate Tank Foundation in ‘Toolbar icon’ Menu. Choose Project that
you want to work on in “Project Dialog Window”.
Input the coordinates of ‘Tank Foundation’, then click “Add” command button. Input ‘Tank
Foundation’, and click “Save” Command button.
Note) Choose Foundation or Spread Row that you want to edit, then click “Delete” to delete Node.
EX) Make a Node to locate ‘Tank Foundation’ by clicking ‘Add’. Input coordinates and click “Save”
command button.
Choose Pile Foundation. Choose Node to assign from ‘Using node list’ Click “>” and “Save” to
specify Foundation Module.
Click ”New” Command Button. Input ‘Group Name’ in ‘Group Name Box’. Choose “Tank_1” for
Group Type. Choose ‘Block foundation’, then Soil Condition is automatically chosen to ‘Non Pile Fdn’.
This foundation does not support ‘Pile Foundation’.
Click ‘Difference Size( Each Foundation)’ button to apply different size and reinforced steel data for
two different foundation.
Choose Node to assign from ‘Using node list’ Click “>” and “Save” to specify Foundation Module.
Choose ‘Footing Tab’ in Dialog Box. Choose ‘Soil Name’. Check ‘Allowable Bearing Pressure’ of Soil
Foundation using the information of Soil Name, which is input in Bearing Capacity of Soil Tab of
“Setting of Constant Dialog”.
This is Input Box when you want to design Footing by Element. (You do not need to choose currently.)
Choose Footing Shape as a Circle.
Input ‘Footing Diameter.’
Input Height of Footing.
Input ‘Lean Concrete and Crushed Stone Thickness.’
Input ‘Soil Height’. (Standard of Footing Top: Upward +, Downward -)
Input a projecting part of ‘Dimension of Lean Concrete and Crushed Stone’ to horizontal direction.
(Standard of Footing Edge.) Click “Save” Command Button to save Data.
input Feature : Footing
Note) You can choose ‘Using Bar’ in Material and Unit Weight Tab of “Setting of Constant”.
Bar DB that AFES can support is ASTM A615, KS D 3504, BS 4449, SAUDI ARABIAN, TS 708, ES
272-74, and TIS 2725. You can add BAR DB if you e-mail to jbchoe@gsconst.co,kr.
Input ‘Footing Clear Cover’ in Clear Cover Tab of “Setting of Constant”. It applies to all chosen
Foundation. Data inputted in ”Setting of Constant” are save in unit of Current Project.
Input Reinforcement Data
Click ‘Generation (New)’ command button, then the picture below is shown.
Choose Circle or Rectangular for Pile Array.
Below is example of Circle Array.
Decide how many Circles are needed to arrange Pile. Choose 3 Circle Arrays.
Diameter of the first Pile Circle is 1200 mm. Arrange 3 piles with 60 Start Angle.
Diameter of the second Pile Circle is 3000 mm. Arrange 6 piles with 30 Start Angle.
Diameter of the third Pile Circle is 4000 mm. Arrange 10 piles with 120 Start Angle.
Choose ‘Base Point’ when you arrange ‘Pile’. (Example of arranging Piles based on Footing Center.)
Refer to the picture for more input information.
Input ‘Pile Data’, and click “Save” Command Button.
Input Bolt Size, Projection, and Bolt Length. You do not need to input Bolt Size, Projection, and Length
Data if “Using Anchor Box” in Anchor Box is checked.
To change ‘Anchor Bolt’ coordinates, change Spread Sheet and click “Save” Command Button.
Note) Tank1 Type assigns automatically the Equipment Type as ‘Large Storage Tank’.
Click “delete’ to delete Assigned Equipment.
a) Operating
b) Empty(=Erection)
c) Test
d) X Wind
e) Y Wind
f) X Earthquake
g) Y Earthquake
The default allowable or unfactored load combinations for a tank foundation generated by AFES
depend on the concrete design code selected. For eg if ACI code is selected, the combinations are as
follows:
a) DL + Oper
b) DL + Oper + X Wind
c) DL + Oper + Y Wind
d) DL + Oper + X EQ
e) DL + Oper + Y EQ
f) DL + Empty(=Erec)
g) DL + Empty(=Erec) + X Wind
h) DL + Empty(=Erec) + Y Wind
i) DL + Empty(=Erec) + X EQ
j) DL + Empty(=Erec) + Y EQ
k) DL + Test
The default ultimate or factored load combinations for a tank1 foundation generated by AFES depend
on the concrete design code selected. For eg if ACI 318 - 1999 is selected, the combinations are as
follows:
a) 1.4DL + 1.4Oper
b) 1.05DL + 1.05Oper + 1.275 X Wind
c) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.3 X Wind
d) 1.05DL +1.05Oper + 1.275 Y Wind
e) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.3 Y Wind
f) 1.05DL + 1.05Oper + 1.403 X EQ
g) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.43 X EQ
h) 1.05DL + 1.05Oper + 1.403 Y EQ
i) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.43 X EQ
j) 1.4DL + 1.4Empty(=Erec)
k) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.275 X Wind
l) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.3 X Wind
m) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.275 Y Wind
n) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.3 Y Wind
o) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.403 X EQ
p) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.43 X EQ
q) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.403 Y EQ
r) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.43 X EQ
s) 1.0DL + Test
Note) 1. Input ‘Load Case Name & Load Case Value’ in ‘Load Case Window’, and make a
‘Load Combination’ in Load Combination Window.
2. Make ‘Load Combination’ using ‘Import Function’ in ‘Load Combination Window’,
and go to ‘Load Case Window’, then ‘Load Case’ is automatically input.
After following 1 or 2 steps above, input ‘Load Case Value’ for each pier.
‘Default Load Combination’ in AFES has the function that can design ‘Tank Foundation’ by importing
“Vessel_Load_comb_1.txt” file in ‘Data Directory’.
Note) SW : ‘Default Load Case’ of AFES is SELF WEIGHT. Fy (=-1) means that automatically
calculate ‘Foundation Self Weight’ to the direction of Vertical Downward.
Click “Load Combination” Icon, then “Loads Combination” Dialog is shown.
In case of Tank Foundation, you can input values in ‘Number of Moment Dist. Point’ to assume
concentrated load as distributed load.
Click ”Show Detail Report” Command Button to see detailed calculation sheet.
Detailed calculation sheet is as below.
Print out Reports by clicking ‘Option’ Icon in Toolbar Menu.
Click “Calculation (All)” Command Button to design multiple Ring Wall. ”Detail Report” Tab is
activated, and Design Result of Ring Wall is displayed.
5. Material Calculation for ‘Tank Foundation’
To calculate Materials for Foundation, click “Take Off Bill of Material” Icon in Toolbar Menu.
AFES interfaces directly with AutoCAD, and MicroStation to create a construction drawing.
Click “Export DXF File” Icon in Toolbar Menu to generate construction drawing.
You can choose a single rebar that you want to calculate for Bar Bending calculation.
You can verify the adjusted value in ‘Standard Tab’ of drawing.
Ex) If you use ‘#-‘, choose ‘ASTM A 615’ and adjust values.