Report 3 - CHE 521

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA
University of the City of Manila

College of Engineering and Technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Aerated Lagoons ………..………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

Design Description………………………………………..…………………………………… 3
Principle of Operation………...……………………………………………………………….3
Data and Assumptions……………………………….……………………………………….4
Design Considerations……………………..…………………………………………………5
Design Requirements………………………………………………………………………….5
Design Calculations……………………………………….……………………………………5
Influent-Effluent Properties………………………………………………………………… 12
Technical Datasheet………………………………………………………………………….. 13
Trickling Filters …………………………………….…………………………………………………..….. 14

Design Description………………………………………..…………………………………..15
Design Selection………………………………………………………………………………..15
Principle of Operation………...………………………………………………………………15
Data and Assumptions……………………………….………………………………………16
Design Considerations……………………..………………………………………………..16
Design Requirements…………………………………………………………………………17
Design Calculations……………………………………….…………………………………..17
Influent-Effluent Properties………………………………………………………………..22
Technical Datasheet………………………………………………………………………….23
References …………………………………….…………………………………………………………….. 25
CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

AERATED LAGOONS and TRICKLING FILTERS
BALUYOT, CONGE, DACAIMAT, RAYMUNDO 1
There are several types of pond systems. These are anaerobic ponds and facultative
ponds. Anaerobic ponds, which are lacking oxygen except at a thin layer at the surface, rely
totally on anaerobic digestion to achieve organic removal. In anaerobic ponds, the influent is
introduced to anaerobic digestion. The process involves two stages, mainly (1) putrefaction -
the bacterial degradation of organic matter into organic acids and new bacterial cells; and (2)
methanogenesis - the process in which methanogenic bacteria break down the products of
putrefaction into methane, carbon dioxide, water, ammonia and new bacterial cells.
Facultative ponds take their name from the facultative bacteria that populate them.
Facultative bacteria are capable of adaptive response to aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions.
Facultative ponds degrade organic matter through different processes depending on the
depth layer considered. Facultative ponds have three biologically-active layers. In the bottom,
where sludge accumulates, organic matter is degraded anaerobically. In the top layer, the
organic matter is degraded aerobically due to the presence of dissolved oxygen produced by
photosynthesis occurrence in algae. Finally, in the middle layer, the facultative layer, dissolved
oxygen is present some of the time, fed from the upper layer.
Increased mixing and aeration from the mechanical units means that the ponds can
be deeper and tolerate much higher organic loads than a maturation or a facultative pond
(see waste stabilization ponds). The increased aeration allows for increased degradation and
increased pathogen removal. As well, because oxygen is introduced by the mechanical units
and not by light-driven photosynthesis, the ponds can function in more northern climates.
Mechanical aeration enhances the treatment efficiency and reduces the required hydraulic
retention time (HRT) for aerobic degradation of organics (ROSE 1999). It also increases
pathogen removal because of the favorable effect of oxygen on solar water disinfection
(CURTIS et al. 1992). The smaller area requirement means that it is appropriate for both rural,
and peri-urban environments (TILLEY et al. 2008). However, the use of aerators also increases
the complexity of the systems and technical material and energy is needed (ARTHUR 1983).
Design Description
An aerated lagoon is a large, mixed aerobic reactor similar to facultative ponds in waste
stabilization pond systems; with the difference that natural oxygenation is enhanced.
Mechanical aerators provide oxygen and keep the aerobic organisms suspended and mixed
with water to achieve a high rate of organic degradation. As natural oxygenation is enhanced,
ponds can be deeper (thus smaller in surface) and are suited also for colder climates
compared. There are two types of aerated ponds: common aerated lagoons (enhanced
facultative ponds) and completely mixed aerated ponds are in essence activated sludge
systems without sludge. The effluent of aerated ponds may be reused or used for recharge,
but settled sludge requires a further treatment or correct disposal.
Figure 1: Aerated Lagoons

Principle of Operation
In a surface-aerated system, the aerators provide two functions: they transfer air into
the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required
for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and
microbes). Typically, the floating high speed surface aerators are rated to deliver the amount
of air equivalent to 1 to 1.2 kg O2/kWh. However, they do not provide as good mixing as is

normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve
the same performance level as activated sludge units.
With low speed surface aerators SOTE (Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency) is higher
thanks to better mixing capacity. This mixing capacity of an impeller depends highly on the
impeller diameter. Low speed surface aerator present such high diameter. Therefore SOTE for
low speed surface aerators is about 2 to 2.5 kg O2/kWh. This is why low speed surface
aerators are mostly used in sewage or industrial treatment as WWTP are bigger and sparing
energy (and money) becomes very interesting.
Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 °C and 40
°C, the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature. Most surface aerated vessels
operate at between 4 °C and 32 °C.
Data and Assumptions

1. The number of aerated lagoon used is one.
2. The dimensions of aerated lagoons are equivalent to a rectangular prism.
3. The elevation of lagoon is 0.
4. The aeration process is done at atmospheric pressure
5. The conversion of BOD to COD is 1:1.6
6. Volumetric wastewater flow is 3800 m3/d
7. The influent TSS has a value of 200 g/m3
8. The influent BOD is 200 g/m3
9. The effluent BOD is 30 g/m3
10. BOD removal-rate constant is k = 2.5/d at 20°C
11. The air temperature is 30°C.
12. The influent wastewater temperature is 22°C
13. The kinetic coefficients for the biological solids has the following values:
Y = 0.65 g/g k = 6.0 g/g-d
Ks = 100 g/m3 kd = 0.07 g/g-d (for T = 20 to 25°C)

14. The aeration constants have a value of α = 0.85 and β = 1.0.

15. The oxygen concentration to be maintained in liquid must have a value of 1.5 g/m3
16. Mixing power requirement is 8 kW/103 m3
Design Considerations
1. The pond should be built to a depth of 2 to 5 m. Use 3.5 m. (Metcalf and Eddy)
2. Temperature coefficient is ϴ = 1.036 (Wang and Pereira, 1986)
3. The temperature factor is f = 0.5 (Wang and Pereira, 1986)
4. The floating high speed surface aerators are rated to deliver the amount of air
equivalent to 1 to 1.2 kg O2/kWh. Use 1.1 kg O2/kWh. (Wang and Pereira, 1986)
5. The cell is to be configured with a length-to-width ratio of 3:1 or 4:1. Use 3.5:1. (Wang
and Pereira, 1986)
6. High speed aerators operates about 22 kW. (FUCHS Enprotech, 2015)
7. Aerators have an efficiency of 60%. (Stenstrom and Rosso, 2010)
Design Requirements
1. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 6. Oxygen Requirement
2. Aerated Lagoon Surface Area 7. Oxygen Transfer Rate
3. Lagoon Water Temperature 8. Minimum Aerator Power Requirement
4. BOD Removal 9. Mixing Power Requirement
5. Total Suspended Solids Removal 10. Lagoon Dimension
Design Calculations
1. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)

The aerated lagoon system design for hydraulic retention time may be estimate by
using the following formula. Eq. 8-72 (Metcalf and Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, p. 848)
So  S
τ
kS
Where:
So = Influent BOD S = Effluent BOD k = rate constant

 g   g 
 200 3    30 3 
m   m 
τ
 2.5 d 1   30 mg3 
τ  2.26667 days  3 days
The hydraulic retention time required is 3 days.

2. Lagoon Surface Area
To calculate the lagoon surface area, it is necessary to determine the volume of the
lagoon. (Metcalf and Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, p. 847)
Volume   flowrate    τ 
Volume
Surface Area 
Depth
 m3 
Volume   3800
  3 days
days 
 

Volume  11400 m3
Surface Area 
11400 m  3
3.5 m
Surface Area  3257.1429 m2  3,258 m2
3. Lagoon Water Temperature

To determine lagoon water temperature, use Eq. 8-74 (Wastewater Engineering,
Metcalf and Eddy, p. 845)
AfTa  QTi
Lagoon Water Temperature 
Af  Q
Where:
A = Surface Area of the Lagoon Q = volumetric flowrate
f = Temperature Factor

Ta = Ambient Air Temperature

Ti = Influent Temperature
 3258 m2  0.5  30    3800 m3 

 (22)
d 
Lagoon Water Temperature  
 3258 m2   0.5    3800 m3 

d 


Lagoon Water Temperature  24.4C
4. BOD Removal
The objective of this calculation is to determine if the calculated BOD based on

removal-rate constant will satisfy the effluent BOD concentration desired. To determine
the effluent BOD based on corrected removal-rate constant, use Eq. 2-25, (Wastewater
Engineering, Metcalf and Eddy, p. 848)
kT  kθ T  20
Where:
KT = Corrected removal-rate constant ϴ = Temperature Coefficient
T = Lagoon Water Temperature
So
S
1  kτ
Where:
So = Influent BOD S = Effluent BOD k = rate constant
k24.5  2.5 1.036 

24.4 20
kT  2.9209 / d

 g 
 200 3 
 m 
S
1   2.9209d  3 days 
1
S  20.48 g / m3
5. Total Suspended Solids Removal
To estimate the TSS Removal, the amount/concentration of biological solids

produced is calculated using Eq. 7.40 and 7-43 (Metcalf and Eddy, Wastewater
Engineering, p. 848). Then the amount of solids produced is added to the influent
TSS value before settling.
Y  So  S 
X
1  kτ 
K s 1   k d  τ 
S
τ  Yk  k d   1
 g   g  
 100 3  1   0.07
 m   g d    3 days  
g
S   11.54 3
 g  m
 3 d   0.65 gg 
 6.0
g  

g  d  
0.07 
g  d  
 1
 
Calculating the amount of biological solids produced:
 g   g   g 
 0.65 g   200 m3    11.54 m3  
X     
  g  
1   0.07 
g d 
 3 d 
  
X  101.2388 g / m3

Calculating the amount of TSS to be removed before settling
TSS  total   TSS  initial   X
g
TSS  Total   200  101.2388
m3
g
TSS  total   301.2388
m3
6. Oxygen Requirement
To estimate the amount of oxygen required, use Eq. 7.59 (Metcalf and Eddy,
Wastewater Engineering, p. 848).
Q  So  S 
Ro   1.42 XQ
0.625
 m3   g g 
 3800   200 3  11.54 3 
d  m m   g  m3 
Ro    1.42  101.2388 3   3800 
0.625  m  d 
g 1 kg
Ro  599552.2352 
d 1000 g
kg O2 kg O2
Ro  599.5522  600
d d
7. Oxygen Transfer Rate
To determine the oxygen transfer rate, use Equation 5-55 Metcalf and Eddy,
Wastewater Engineering, p. 429)
 C s,20  20  T
SOTR  Ro    1.024
 α  β  DO   C  
Where:
SOTR = Standard Oxygen Transfer Rate T = Lagoon Water Temperature
Ro = Oxygen Required (kg/d) C = oxygen concentration desired

Cs,20 = Oxygen Saturation Concentration at 20°C
α,β = aeration constants
Determine the amount of dissolved oxygen, use Appendix D (Metcalf and Eddy,
Wastewater Engineering, p. 1745) for oxygen saturated concentration at computed
lagoon water temperature. For correction factor, use Figure 5-68 (Metcalf and Eddy,
Wastewater Engineering, p. 447)
DO   corection factor    oxygen saturation concentration 
From Appendix D, at T = 24.4°C, oxygen saturation concentration = 8.34 g/m3

From Figure 5-68, for an elevation of 0, correction factor = 1
Therefore,
 g 
DO  1    8.34 3 
 m 
g
DO  8.34
m3
Calculating SOTR,
 g 
  9.08 
kg O2   m 3
  1.0242024.4
SOTR   599.5522 
 d  
  0.85    1  8.34 g   g  

   1.5 3   
3  
  m   m  
kg O2
SOTR  843.5639
d

8. Minimum Aerator Power Requirement
To determine the power requirement,
SOTR
Minimum Aerator Power Required 
 kg 
Aerator Power Rate  
 kWh 
kg O2
843.5639
Minimum Aerator Power Required  d
kg 24 h
1.1 
kW  h 1 d
31.95 kW
Minimum Aerator Power Required   53.25 kW  66 kW
0.60
Therefore, use 3 units of of 22 kW high-speed aerators
9. Mixing Power Requirement
To determine the power requirement, multiply the lagoon volume to the mixer power
rate per unit volume of lagoon
Mixing Power Required   Volume of Lagoon    Mixer Power Rate 

 kW 
Mixing Power Re quired  11400 m3    8 3 3 
 10 m 
91.2 kW
Mixing Power Required   152 kW  154 kW
0.60
Therefore, use 7 units of of 22 kW high-speed aerators
10. Lagoon Dimensions

To determine the dimensions, use the assumption that the construction is a
rectangular prism.

Volume  length  width  depth
Since Length to width ratio is 3.5:1
11400 m3  3.5  Width  Width  3.5 m
Width  30.50 m  31 m
Length  3.5  30.5059 m
Length  106.7798 m  107 m
Lagoon Dimensions : 107 m  31 m  3.5 m
Influent - Effluent Properties

Before Aerated Lagoon After Aerated Lagoon
Parameter
Treatment Treatment
BOD5 (mg/L) 200 20.48
COD (mg/L) 320 32.768
TSS (before settling) 200 301.2388
Temperature 22 24.4

AERATED LAGOON DATA SHEET

Operating Data
Mode of Operation Continuous
Number of Units 1
Compound Raw Influent
BOD (mg/L) 200
Feed
COD (mg/L) 320
TSS (mg/L) 200
Technical Data
Hydraulic Retention Time 3 days
Surface Area 3,258 m2
Dimensions (L x W x H) 107 m x 31 m x 3.5 m
Oxygen Requirement 600 kg/d
Standard Oxygen Transfer Rate 843.6 kg/d
Minimum Aerator Requirement 3 aerator units
Aerator Requirement with Mixing 7 aerator units
Materials of Construction -
Existing Equipment
Supplier FUCHS OXYSTAR
Mt. View Road, Mandalagan,
Supplier’s Address
Bacolod City


Trickling filters have been used for

wastewater treatment for nearly 100 years. A
trickling filter (see Figure 1 ) is an attached-
growth, biological process that uses an inert
medium to attract microorganisms, which form
a film on the medium surface. Table 7.23.1
lists the physical properties of trickling filter
media.
A rotatory or stationary distribution
mechanism distributes wastewater from the Figure 1. Cross section of a stone media trickling filter.
top of the filter percolating it through the
interstices of the film-covered medium. As the
wastewater moves through the filter, the
organic matter is adsorbed onto the film and
degraded by a mixed population of aerobic
microorganisms (see Figure 1). The oxygen
required for organic degradation is supplied by
air circulating through the filter induced by
natural draft or ventilation.
A light-weight, highly-permeable medium Figure 2. A schematic representation of the biological film in
with a large specific surface area (e.g., plastic a trickling filter.
modules) is conducive to microorganism
buildup and ensures unhindered movement of wastewater and air. A porous underdrain
system at the bottom of the filter collects treated effluent and circulates air. The filter
recirculates and mixes a portion of the effluent with the incoming wastewater to reduce its
strength and provide uniform hydraulic loading (Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. 1991).
As the film thickness increases, the region of the film near the medium surface can be
deprived of organic matter, reducing the adhesive ability of the microorganisms. Therefore, a
thick film is more susceptible to the sloughing effects caused by wastewater flow.
Furthermore, the inner portion of a thick film can become anaerobic because oxygen may be
unavailable. As a result, the release of gases can weaken the film and increase the sloughing
effects. Once the thick film is removed, a new film starts to grow on the medium surface,
signaling the beginning of a new growth cycle (Characklis and Marshall 1990).
Design Description
A trickling filter is consists of a bed of highly permeable media on whose surface a
mixed population of microorganisms is developed as a slime layer. Passage of wastewater
through the filter causes the development of a gelatinous coating of bacteria, protozoa and
other organisms on the media, thus, removing them from the wastewater. Trickling filters have
been justified by their low initial cost, lo operating and maintenance cost, relative simplicity of
operation. Recent design of trickling filters is now more comparable to that of activated sludge
equipment. With trickling filters, these were providing good performance with minimal
operator care and few, if any, energy requirements.
Design Selection
The trickling filter was selected to reduce the BOD and COD requirement of wastewater
discharged from the manufacturing process. Low settleable solids content of black liquor does
not need primary treatment ahead of trickling filters and therefore makes available the full
capacity of the trickling filter for use in the conversion of non-settleable, colloidal and
dissolved solids to living microscopic organisms and stable organic matter temporarily
attached to the filter medium and to inorganic matter temporarily attached to the filter
medium and to inorganic matter carried off with the effluent.
Principle of Operation
Inside the trickling filter, 13,604 kg (3,390 gallons) of untreated wastewater is made
contact with a bed of highly permeable media by a rotary distributor rotating at 17 rpm. The
rotary distributor sprays the wastewater on the permeable media on whose surface a mixed
population of microorganisms is developed as a slime layer. The microorganism used in this
process is the bacteria pseudomonas, which is a commonly used bacteria in the trickling filter
process. Passage of wastewater through the filter causes the development of a gelatinous
coating of bacteria, protozoa and other organisms on the media thus, removing them from the
wastewater. This will then generate a wastewater with a BOD and COD value of 50 and 100,
respectively. Mass removed of BOD and COD are 7.92 kg and 15.85 kg respectively. 3,388
gallons of effluent is then pumped to the discoloration basin to reduce its color.
Data and Assumptions

1. The influent mass flow rate is 13,604 kg (3,390 gallons)per day
2. The influent density is 1,060 kg/m3
3. The raw wastewater BOD has a value of 240 mg/L.
4. The raw wastewater COD has a value of 480 mg/L.
5. Effluent BOD requirement is 50 mg/L .
6. Effluent COD requirement is 100 mg/L .
7. The design temperature is at a temperature of 30°C.
Design Considerations
1. The materials of construction for the trickling filter is concrete
2. θ = 1.035. (Wastewater Engineering, Metcalf and Eddy)
3. The trickling filter used is rock media (granite) filter since it is the usual medium used
and more economical than plastic medium.
4. A pond following the filters is installed to stabilize the effluent before being discharged.
5. The peaking factor is 3.25 (Wastewater Engineering by Metcalf and Eddy, Figure 5-1,
p. 151)
6. The power requirement for low-pressure drop in trickling filter aeration system is 3-
5kW (Daigger et.al., 2011)
7. Treatability constant is averaged at 0.10 (gal/min) ( the treatability constant was
derived from pilot plant studies conducted using a 20 ft deep test filter during the

summer when the average temperature was 25ºC) (S.K. Ong, Water and Wastewater
Design Trickling Filters)
8. Typical residence time for trickling filters is 2 hours (The Trickling Filter/Solids Contact
Process: by Scholze, 1998)
9. A standard rate trickling filter is considered. The depth of standard rate trickling filter
is 1.8-2.4 m. Use 2.1 m. (Wastewater Engineering by Metcalf and Eddy, Table 9-1, p. 893)
Design Requirements
1. Correct treatability constant 4. Hydraulic loadings
2. Peak flow rate 5. Organic Loadings
3. Surface area 6. Rotational speed of rotary distributor
Design Calculations
1. Correct Treatability Constant
𝐾30 = 𝐾25 0.05 𝜃 𝑇−25
Eq. 7.23-7 (Environmental Engineer’s Handbook 2nd ed. by Liu, p. 691)
𝐾30 = 0.10(𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛)0.05 1.024030−25
𝐾30 = 1.0035 (𝑔𝑎𝑙 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛)
To correct the treatability factor, use equation 7.23-9 (Environmental Engineer’s

Handbook 2nd ed. by David Liu, p. 692)
𝐷1 0.50
𝑘2 = 𝑘1 ( )
𝐷2
Where:
k2 = treatability constant corresponding to a filter depth D2

k1 = treatability constant corresponding to a filter depth D1

D1 = depth of filter two, ft
D2 = depth of filter two, ft
x = 0.5 for vertical and rock media filters
2
𝐾20 = 1.0035 ( )0.50
2
K20 = 1.0035 (gal/min)0.5 ft
2. Peak Flow rate
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = (𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)(𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)
𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 3,390 ∗ 3.25
𝑑𝑎𝑦
Peak Flow Rate = 11,017.5 gal/day (41.71 m3/day).
3. Surface Area
To determine the surface area required for a 10 ft deep filter, use equation 7.23-8
(Environmental Engineer’s Handbook 2nd ed. by David Liu, p. 692)
𝑺𝒆 −𝒏
= 𝒆−𝒌𝟐𝟎𝑫(𝑸𝒗)
𝑺𝒊
where:
Se = total BOD of settled effluent from the filter, mg/L
Si = total BOD of wastewater applied to the filter, mg/L
K20 = treatability constant corresponding to filter of depth D at 20 0C,
(gal/min)0.5 ft
D = depth of filter, ft
Qv = volumetric flow rate applied per unit area of filter, gal/min(ft2) (Q/A)

Q = total flow rate applied to the filter without recirculation, gal/min

A = cross-sectional area of filter, ft2
n = experimental constant, usually 0.5
Substituting Q/A for QV in Eq. 7-23(8) and rearranging yields:
1
𝑆𝑒 𝑛
−𝑙𝑛 𝑆𝑖
𝐴 = 𝑄( )
𝐾20𝐷
Substitute known values and solve for the area:

Se = 240 mg/L
Si = 50 mg/L
N = 0.5
K20 = 1.0035 (gal/min)0.5 ft
D = 6.89 ft
Q = 11,017.5 gal/day (1 day/ 1440 min) = 7.65 gal/min
1
240 0.5
−𝑙𝑛
𝐴 = 7.65 𝑔𝑎𝑙/ min∗ ( 50 )
1.0035(6.89)
𝐴 = 0.39 𝑓𝑡 2 ≈ 0.04𝑚2
Use area of 0.04 m2.
4. Hydraulic Loadings
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝐻𝐿𝑅 =
𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
41.71 𝑚3 /𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝐿𝑅 =
0.04 𝑚2

𝒎𝟑
𝑯𝑳𝑹 = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟒𝟐. 𝟕𝟓
𝒅𝒂𝒚 − 𝒎𝟐
5. Organic Loadings
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 ∗ 𝐵𝑂𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑂𝐿𝑅 =
𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
3
41.71 𝑚 𝑚𝑔 1 𝑘𝑔 1000𝐿
∗ 240 ∗ ∗
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝐿 1𝑥106 𝑚𝑔 1𝑚3
𝑂𝐿𝑅 =
2.1 𝑚
𝑶𝑳𝑹 = 𝟒. 𝟖 𝒌𝒈 𝑩𝑶𝑫/𝒎𝟑
6. Rotational Speed of Rotary Distributor
To solve for the rotational speed of rotary distributor, use Eq. 7.143 (Handbook of
Environmental Engineering Calculations by Lin, sec 1.605)
1.6(𝑄𝑡)
𝑛=
𝑎(𝐷𝑅)
Where:
n = rotational speed of distributor, rev/min
Qt = total applied hydraulic loading rate
a = number of arms in rotary distributor assembly
DR = dosing rate, in/pass of distributor arm
From Table 7.14 (Handbook of Environmental Engineering Calculations by Lin, sec

1.605), use linear regression to get the dosing rate of 0.001085 kg BOD/103 m3 organic
loading rate:
𝐷𝑅 = 52.84 𝑚/𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠
Substituting values:

𝑚3
1.6(1,190 )
𝑑𝑎𝑦 − 𝑚2
𝑛= 𝑚
2(52.84 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠)
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒓𝒑𝒎
7. Mass of BOD and COD removed
To calculate the amount of BOD removed:
𝑀𝐵𝑂𝐷 = (𝑆𝑖 − 𝑆𝑒)(𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑚𝑔 1𝑘𝑔 1000𝐿 𝑚3
𝑀𝐵𝑂𝐷 = (240 − 50)( )( )( )(41.71 )
𝐿 1𝑥106 𝑚𝑔 1𝑚3 𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑴𝑩𝑶𝑫 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝒈 𝑩𝑶𝑫/𝒅𝒂𝒚
To calculate the amount of COD removed:
𝑀𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (𝑆𝑖 − 𝑆𝑒)(𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑚𝑔 1𝑘𝑔 1000𝐿 𝑚3
𝑀𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (480 − 100)( )( )( )(41.71 )
𝐿 1𝑥106 𝑚𝑔 1𝑚3 𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑴𝑪𝑶𝑫 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝒈 𝑪𝑶𝑫/𝒅𝒂𝒚
8. Volume of Effluent
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡
= (𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑂𝐷 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑
− 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑂𝐷 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑) 𝑘𝑔/𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 13,604 − 7.92 − 15.85 = 13,580.23 𝑘𝑔/𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑘𝑔
13,580.23
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑘𝑔
1060 3
𝑚
𝒎𝟑 𝒈𝒂𝒍
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟏 ≈ 𝟑, 𝟑𝟖𝟖. 𝟒𝟓
𝒅𝒂𝒚 𝒅𝒂𝒚
Influent - Effluent Properties
Before Aerobic Attached- After Aerobic Attached-

Parameter
Growth Treatment Growth Treatment
Color (PCU) 500 500
Density (kg/m3) 1060 1060
BOD5 (mg/L) 240 50
COD (mg/L) 480 100
pH 9 9
Settleable Solids (mg/L) 10 10
Design Specifications

TRICKLING FILTER DATA SHEET

Operating Data
Mode of Operation Batch
Number of Units 1
Compound Raw Influent
BOD (mg/L) 240
Feed
COD (mg/L) 480
TSS (mg/L) 10
Technical Data
Peak Flow Rate 11017.5 gal/day
Surface Area 0.03 m2
Depth 2.1 m
Hydraulic Loading 1,042.75 m3/day-m2
Organics Loading 4.8 kg BOD/m3
Rotational Speed 18 rpm
Power Requirement 5.36 hp
Materials of Construction Concrete
Existing Equipment
Supplier Inca Plastics Philippines, Inc.
Bldg. 4 Philcrest Cmpd. Km. 23 WSR ,
Supplier Address Metro Manila
Cost Php 475,000
Expected Useful Life 15 years


Design Configuration

REFERENCES
Middlebrooks, E.J. (1982). Wastewater Stabilization Lagoon Design, Performance and
Upgrading. McMillan Publishing.
Tchobanoglous, G.; Burton, F.L.; Stensel, H.D. (2003). Wastewater Engineering (Treatment
Disposal
METCALF & EDDY Inc. (Editor) (2003): Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse.
(Fourth Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..
Aerated, Partial Mix Lagoon. Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet. United States Environmental
Protection Agency.
Principles of Design and Operations of Wastewater Treatment Pond Systems for Plant
Operators, Engineers, and Manager. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Chagnon, Frédéric. (1999). Design and Dynamic Modeling of Waste Stabilization Ponds.
http://web.mit.edu/watsan/Docs/Student%20Theses/Brazil/Chagnon1999.pdf


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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

University of the City of Manila

Aerated Lagoons ………..………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

Trickling Filters …………………………………….…………………………………………………..….. 14

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

Figure 1: Aerated Lagoons

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

Data and Assumptions

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

14. The aeration constants have a value of α = 0.85 and β = 1.0.

1. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

The hydraulic retention time required is 3 days.

Surface Area  3257.1429 m2  3,258 m2

3. Lagoon Water Temperature

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

Ta = Ambient Air Temperature

 3258 m2  0.5  30    3800 m3 

 3258 m2   0.5    3800 m3 

Lagoon Water Temperature  24.4C

The objective of this calculation is to determine if the calculated BOD based on

k24.5  2.5 1.036 

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

5. Total Suspended Solids Removal

To estimate the TSS Removal, the amount/concentration of biological solids

Calculating the amount of biological solids produced:

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

Calculating the amount of TSS to be removed before settling

TSS  total   TSS  initial   X

7. Oxygen Transfer Rate

Ro = Oxygen Required (kg/d) C = oxygen concentration desired

DO   corection factor    oxygen saturation concentration 

From Appendix D, at T = 24.4°C, oxygen saturation concentration = 8.34 g/m3

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

8. Minimum Aerator Power Requirement

To determine the power requirement,

Therefore, use 3 units of of 22 kW high-speed aerators

9. Mixing Power Requirement

Mixing Power Required   Volume of Lagoon    Mixer Power Rate 

10. Lagoon Dimensions

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

Volume  length  width  depth

Since Length to width ratio is 3.5:1

11400 m3  3.5  Width  Width  3.5 m

Length  3.5  30.5059 m

Length  106.7798 m  107 m

Lagoon Dimensions : 107 m  31 m  3.5 m

Influent - Effluent Properties

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

AERATED LAGOON DATA SHEET

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

Trickling filters have been used for

Data and Assumptions

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

1. Correct Treatability Constant

𝐾30 = 𝐾25 0.05 𝜃 𝑇−25

Eq. 7.23-7 (Environmental Engineer’s Handbook 2nd ed. by Liu, p. 691)

𝐾30 = 0.10(𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛)0.05 1.024030−25

𝐾30 = 1.0035 (𝑔𝑎𝑙 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛)

To correct the treatability factor, use equation 7.23-9 (Environmental Engineer’s

CHE 521 – Industrial Waste Management and Control

k1 = treatability constant corresponding to a filter depth D1

K20 = 1.0035 (gal/min)0.5 ft