Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258285828
CITATIONS READS
0 116
3 authors:
Felix Llamas
Universidad de León
102 PUBLICATIONS 355 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Alicia Alonso on 04 June 2014.
rdf
Revista de
LIBRO DE RESÚMENES · LIVRO DE RESUMOS · BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Fitoterapia
ISE 2010
11th Congress of the International Society
of Ethnopharmacology.
Continuity and change in ethnopharmacology:
ÓRGANO OFICIAL
Transdisciplinary science for our future
EHPE 2010
1er Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología:
Los desafíos de la Etnobiología en España y Portugal
I Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia:
Os desafios da Etnobiologia em Espanha e Portugal
la Escherichia coli
de las vías urinarias
Urell ® aporta 36 mg de PAC por dosis diaria, garantizados
según el método analítico BL-DMAC.
Otros métodos analíticos proporcionan valores distintos.
Urell® Contenido de PAC según método analítico utilizado
Método BL-DMAC NP-HPLC Ph-Eur. Vainillina(3) B. Smith
estandarizado(1, 2)
1 cápsula
1 cucharadita
1 sobre 36 mg 72 mg 108 mg 144 mg 162 mg
(1) Prior et al. J Science Food and Agr. Doi 10.1002/jsfa, 3996 (2010) (2) DMAC es el método analítico mediante el que se validó la dosis eficaz de PAC, por las agencias francesas de Seguridad de los Medicamentos
((AFSSAPS) y de Seguridad Alimentaria (AFSSA). (3) El método denominado “de la vainillina” proporciona cifras 4 veces más elevadas que las obtenidas mediante BL-DMAC para una misma concentración.
o a me
roj
ric
ándano
100%
ano
Ar
CN 314264.9
In many regions of the world such knowledge is changing fast and an ongoing
concern of many members of the society is both a dialogue with the owners
of traditional knowledge and to find ways to ascertain that such knowledge
is passed on to future generations. Knowledge about traditional drugs/me-
dicines is put into practice in different cultural settings in daily health care,
nutrition, veterinary, hunting, pest control etc. We are interested in the per-
ception and the interface of the emic and ethic perspective of such knowledge
and we encourage and promote the future use of such local and traditional
knowledge. Our research approach is increasingly transdisciplinary trying to
strengthen the link between the social and the natural sciences.
For more information and to learn how to join the society as a member, please
go to the following link www.ethnopharmacology.org
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
ISE Official Journal
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 3
Food and Medicinal plants in the Socotra archipelago (Phoenix dactylifera L. and
Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.). Photo by Joël Lodé.
Plantas medicinales y comestibles en el archipiélago de Socotra (Phoenix dac-
tylifera L. y Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.). Foto: Joël Lodé.
Wellcome
It gives us great pleasure to invite you to the 11th Congress of the International Society
for Ethnopharmacology and the Ier Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología to be
held from September 20 to September 25, 2010 in Albacete (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain).
This joint conference will certainly be one of the most exciting and prestigious interna-
tional events in the field of medicinal plant sciences. Spain is a fascinating country that
is full of vitality, cultural diversity and culinary delights. We trust that the dynamic and
magical spirit of the small city of Albacete (Castilla-La Mancha) will provide a very sti-
mulating milieu for scientific exchange amongst ethnopharmacologists, ethnobiologists
and ethnobotanists from all over the world. We are certain that this event will offer
exciting opportunities for exchanging the latest scientific news and for networking with
colleagues. On behalf of the organizing and scientific committees, we look forward to
welcoming you to Castilla-La Mancha in September 2010.
Prof. Dr. Diego Rivera Núñez FLS Prof. Dr. Michael Heinrich
FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA FLS CENTRE FOR PHARMACOGNOSY & PHYTOTHERAPY
UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA SPAIN THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY
UNIV. LONDON, UK
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 7
Presentación y objetivos
La Etnobiología y la Etnofarmacología son disciplinas científicas relativamente recientes, que se han desarrollado a lo largo
de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En España se viene trabajando en estas materias de forma continuada a partir de 1980,
por grupos de investigación de diversas universidades, centros del CSIC, jardines botánicos y otras instituciones. Centrados
en el estudio de las interacciones de los grupos humanos con las especies de su entorno, en términos de conocimiento,
usos y gestión, los trabajos etnobiológicos implican la actividad de biólogos, botánicos, zoólogos, ecólogos, antropólogos
y otros grupos de especialistas. Cuando se considera la dimensión temporal, en particular el caso de la evidencia de esas
interacciones en el pasado cercano y remoto, se implican en estos estudios arquobotánicos, arqueozoólogos, paleoetno-
botánicos, etc. La Etnofarmacología se centra en la utilización medicinal de los recursos del entorno en las sociedades hu-
manas y fundamentalmente en los sistemas tradicionales (comunidades indígenas, grupos rurales, etc...). En esta materia
intervienen etnobotánicos, botánicos, farmacólogos, fitoquímicos, bioquímicos, antropólogos médicos, historiadores de
la medicina, investigadores clínicos, etc. Tanto una como otra disciplina tienen utilidad y aplicación especialmente en el
ámbito de la sostenibilidad del aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y de la conservación de los recursos genéticos
y del conocimiento tradicional.
En España se llevaron a cabo diversas reuniones de etnobotánicos a finales del siglo XX, en Granada, Córdoba o Madrid.
Cabe destacar el congreso Etnobotánica 92 celebrado en Córdoba, con notable participación de investigadores iberoame-
ricanos. La International Society of Ethnopharmacology agrupa a numerosos investigadores de todo el mundo y publica
la revista Journal of Ethnopharmacology, una de las más prestigiosas en ese campo, editada por Elsevier e incluida en
posición destacada en los rankings internacionales de revistas científicas. La International Society of Ethnopharmacology
organiza sus congresos con periodicidad bianual siendo los últimos los de Sao Paulo (2008), Nanning (2006), y Canterbury
(2004). La propuesta de celebrar en Castilla - La Mancha y concretamente en Albacete el congreso ISE 2010 surge del
conocimiento previo que la directiva de la citada sociedad tiene de los investigadores etnobotánicos manchegos y de
las características de Castilla - La Mancha y sus posibilidades para albergar un congreso internacional de este tipo. En
2008 se presentó en Sao Paulo la candidatura de Albacete para sede del congreso ISE 2010, compitiendo con Calcuta
(India). La propuesta se hacía por los Dres Alonso Verde y José Fajardo en representación de la Universidad de Castilla
- La Mancha, contando con investigadores de la misma y de las universidades de Murcia y Miguel Hernández de Elche.
Una vez aceptada la candidatura Castellano-Manchega para la sede de ISE 2010 se realizó la primera reunión del comité
organizador y se planteó la conveniencia de organizar en paralelo el primer encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología,
al objeto de completar un temario, de por sí bastante amplio. Pero sobre todo de potenciar los contactos interdisciplinares
entre investigadores españoles y portugueses de diversas materias relacionadas con la Etnobiología. El congreso se fija
por motivos estratégicos en la semana del 20 al 26 de septiembre de 2010, para ubicarlo temporalmente en el contexto
de otros congresos internacionales sobre plantas medicinales como el de la GA (Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural
Product Research - Gesellschaft für Arzneipflanzen-und Naturstoff-Forschung) en Berlín, que ha tenido lugar a comienzos de
septiembre, y para conectarlo con la Feria de Albacete, de la cual se celebra el tercer centenario de su institucionalización
la semana inmediatamente anterior.
Ambos congresos cuentan con un nutrido comité científico internacional, de casi un centenar de expertos, con amplia re-
presentación de investigadores españoles e iberoamericanos. Este comité ha participado en la definición de las temáticas
de ambos congresos y se espera que contribuya de manera significativa en la selección de los trabajos a presentar y en
la edición de las actas. Se pretende prestar particular atención a la participación de investigadores jóvenes a través de un
marco de actividades específicas y de un sistema de reducciones en las inscripciones y becas para estudiantes y “junior
researchers”. Ambos congresos pretenden servir de foro para temas prácticos que son objeto de debate en la sociedad
como es la concreción del Convenio de Biodiversidad y de las estrategias de la Conferencia de Rio de Janeiro en materia
de conocimiento tradicional y gestión de recursos.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 9
1 EHPE 2010
Os desafios da Etnobiologia em Espanha e Portugal
O primeiro Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia pretende fortalecer o contacto entre diversos grupos de trabalho,
investigadores, estudantes e quaisquer outras pessoas interessadas nas formas de vida e nos conhecimentos tradicionais
–passados ou presentes– associados à biodiversidade, em Espanha e Portugal. Este encontro centra os seus objectivos na
Etnobiologia, Arqueobiologia, Etnobiologia histórica, Etnomedicina, Etnofarmacologia, Etnotaxonomia, Fitonímia, as pai-
sagens culturais, a protecção da biodiversidade, o acesso e a distribuição dos benefícios e outros temas relacionados.
O congresso incluirá painéis, conferências, workshops, exposições e outras manifestações e actividades que permitirão
mostrar a experiência e os resultados dos trabalhos dos participantes.
Mejora
tus defensas
KEY NOTES SPEAKER (KN) 29 PL-09 Exchanges between Brazilian native cultures and
Portuguese traditional medicine – an ethnopharma-
KN-01 Ethnopharmacology and biodiversity conservation: cological perspective
towards a sustainable future for indigenous peoples E. Elisabetsky, I. Manzali de Sá
V.H. Heywood
PL-10 The future of local and traditional medicines in
KN-02 TCM in the "West": Benefits or Bane from an eth- southern Africa
nopharmacological perspective J. Van Staden, G.I. Stafford
R. Bauer
EHPE 41
PLENARY LECTURES (PL) 33
EHPE-1 43
PL-01 Etnobotánica hispana vista desde América: coinci- E1-O01 El Fuego en los usos tradicionales de la flora de la
dencias y diferencias Serra do Açor (Portugal)
R. Bye, E. Linares J. Argüello Van de Putte
PL-02 The relevance of traditional ecological knowledge in
E1-O02 Ajenjo: the case of unusual plants adapted for human
Ethnopharmacology. Theoretical and methodological
consumption
contributions
M. Viteri, M. Heinrich
V. Reyes-García
PL-03 Archaeological evidence of the medicinal use of E1-O03 Are older people wiser about medicinal and food
plants plants? The example of the Basque Country, Spain
R. Buxó R. Alarcón, C. Priestley, M. Heinrich
PL-04 Impact of historical texts on today’s medicinal plant E1-O04 Plantas medicinales de usanza tradicional en la zona
knowledge in the Mediterranean centro de las Rías Baixas (Galicia)
M. Leonti, S. Cabras, C.S. Weckerle, M Novella Solinas, E. González Casal, P. Cariñanos González
L. Casu E1-O05 Etnozoologia e conservação da natureza: O caso de
PL-05 Changing scenario for promotion and development of uma possível reintrodução de espécies outrora em-
Ayurveda in ISM – way forward blemáticas no Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela
P. K. Mukherjee (Portugal)
PL-06 The Tree of Life: An ecological continuum of food, me- F. Soares, C. Sousa
dicine, and poison E1-O06 Plantas silvestres comestibles y su uso tradicional en
W. McClatchey Gorbeialdea (Bizkaia, País Vasco)
PL-07 Ethnic medicines in China – a look beyond TCM G. Menendez, I. García-Mijangos, J. Tardío, V. Reyes-Gar-
C. Weckerle cía, M. Pardo-de-Santayana
PL-08 Heritage, Medicinal Material Resources and Our E1-O07 Percursos da Etnobiologia Portuguesa: história, pro-
Efforts jectos e actividades nos últimos dez anos
ZZ. Zhao A.M. Carvalho, A. Frazão-Moreira
18 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-O08 Tracing medicinal plant knowledge by the Use of E1-P01 Plantas medicinales con actividad a nivel digestivo
Photographs among Tyrolean (Austria) Emigrants in de la Comunidad de Madrid
Australia, Brasil and Peru M.E. Carretero, M.P. Gómez-Serranillos, M.T. Ortega, O.M.
H. Pirker, E. Kuhn, R. Haselmair, C. Vogl Palomino
E1-O09 Museo Virtual de Historia de la Educación. Una he- E1-P02 Análisis de la flora medicinal de la Comunidad Autó-
rramienta para la didáctica de la Etnobotánica y la noma de Extremadura
Etnozoología J. Blanco, F.M. Vázquez, D. García, F. Márquez, M. Gutié-
J.P. Marín, J.M. Bernal, J.D. López rrez, J.L. López, M.J. Guerra, M.A. Cabeza de Vaca
E1-O10 Los Laureleros de Nopaltepec, estado de México y E1-P03 Aplicación de algunos métodos y conceptos de la
el uso de Litsea glaucescens H.B.K. (Lauraceae) de investigación en ciencias sociales a un estudio etno-
botánico realizado en Mallorca (Islas Baleares)
Tezoantla, estado de Hidalgo, México
E. Carrió, J. Vallès
B.N. López Gutiérrez, B.E. Pérez-Escandón, M.A. Villavicen-
cio Nieto E1-P04 Actividade antioxidante e antiacetilcolinesterase em
extractos de Artemisia campestris e Helichrysum
E1-O11 Aprovechamiento de las Plantas Medicinales en la stoechas da Flora Portuguesa
región Noreste de Actopan, Hidalgo (México) L.J. Silva, P.L. Falé, L. Ascensão, M.L. Serralheiro
E.R. Martínez Pérez, M.A. Villavicencio Nieto, B.E. Pérez-
Escandón E1-P05 Variación estacional en los niveles de compuestos
fenólicos totales y flavonoides en plantas gipsícolas
E1-O12 Usos tradicionales del madroño (Arbutus unedo L.) y O. Mayoral, M. Boscaiu, J.V. Llinares, P. Donat, P. Calata-
estimación de su producción de frutos yud, I. Bautista, A. Lidón, C. Lull, O. Vicente
M. Molina, M. Pardo de Santayana, R. Morales, L. Acei-
E1-P06 Medicinal and food uses of Euphorbia's in three re-
tuno, J. Tardío gions of the Basque Country
E1-O13 Ethnobotany and Scientific Culture - The Beja Botani- R. Alarcon, C. Priestly, M. Heinrich
cal Museum (Portugal) E1-P07 An Ethnobotanical study in Navarra (Spain)
L.M. de Carvalho, F. Fernandes M.I. Calvo, S. Akerreta, R.Y. Cavero
E1-O14 La bellota en la alimentación humana en la Península E1-P08 Plantas tóxicas utilizadas tradicionalmente como in-
Ibérica secticidas y repelente de insectos en Las Arribes del
E. García Gómez, J. Pereira Sieso, M. Pardo de Santayana Duero (centro-oeste de España)
J.A. González, M. García-Barriuso, F. Amich
E1-O15 Atividade cicatrizante do óleo essencial de Hyptis
lophanta Mart. ex Benth (Lamiaceae) E1-P09 Ethnobotany in the Cantabrian mountains: Cofiñal
C. Takayama, A. Luiz-Ferreira, F.M. de-Faria, A.R.M. Souza- (León)
Brito A. Alonso, C. Acedo, F. Llamas
E1-O16 Los animales en la medicina popular de España ¿Qué E1-P10 Uso de Plantas Medicinales en la Farmacia Comuni-
interés? ¿Qué futuro? taria en la zona norte de Cáceres (España)
E. Motte-Florac M.T. Sáenz, A.M. Quílez, M.D. Garcia
E1-O17 Montia fontana L., un interesante recurso silvestre E1-P11 Revalorización del consumo de plantas comestibles
silvestres de la provincia de Alicante (España)
del Oeste de la Península Ibérica
C. Obón, A. Romojaro, M.T. Pretel
J. Tardío, M. Molina, L. Aceituno, R. Morales, M. Pardo
de Santayana, P. Morales, P. García, V. Fernández, M.C. E1-P12 Control de calidad de achicoria en las herboristerías
Sánchez-Mata de la ciudad de Valencia
M.T. Barquero, I. Martínez Solís, J. Güemes
E1-O18 Usos tradicionales de las plantas en la provincia de
Salamanca. Una aproximación al estudio de las rela- E1-P13 Estudio etnofarmacológico de Euphorbia lactea Haw.
ciones de las plantas y los pueblos de Salamanca M.D. García, M.A. Fernández, R. Puerta, M.T. Sáenz
E. Blanco, J. Criado, J.M. Velasco E1-P14 Antioxidant components in strawberry-tree fruits (Ar-
butus unedo L.)
E1-O19 Perspectivas de la investigación etnozoológica en
B.M. Ruiz, P. Morales, V. Fernández, M.C. Sánchez, M. Cá-
España
mara, M. Molina, J. Tardío
C. Ibero Solana, J.E. Hernández Bermejo
E1-P15 Management and sustainable use of medicinal and
E1-O20 Phenolic acids profile and antioxidant properties of aromatic plants as a contribution to the valorisation
wild edible mushrooms from North-eastern Portugal of the rural areas – an ethnobotanical approach
L. Barros, M.J. Sousa, A. Martins, C. Santos-Buelga, I.C.F.R. E. Bettencourt, S. Dias, F. Rocha, V.R. Lopes, A.M. Barata
Ferreira A.M. Carvalho.
E1-O21 The globalization of funerary culture: plant symbolism E1-P16 Conocimiento y uso tradicional de las setas en el Po-
in cemeteries in Ecuador niente Granadino, España.
J. Izco, R. Ansalaoni, D. Minga G. Benítez, J. Molero Mesa, M.R. González-Tejero
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 19
E4-O03 Ethnoecology, ecotourism and conservation of cro- E7-O02 Etnobiología, Etnoecología y resiliencia de los huer-
codiles. Venezuela and Burkina Faso cases tos familiares de campesinos en Tirol del Este (Ostti-
J.L. Rubio, R. Antelo, M. Luzon rol, Lienz) en los Alpes Austriacos
EHPE-5 76 C.R. Vogl, B. Vogl-Lukasser
E5-O01 Abordaje del consumo de plantas medicinales en E7-O03 Estudio de la evolución del paisaje de las huertas del
atención primaria: los productos de origen comercial Generalife (Granada) a través de fuentes documenta-
y los recolectados en el campo les: viajeros y grabados
M.C. Carrasco, J.R. Vallejo, D. Peral, M.A. Martín M. Navarro Burgos, E. García Sánchez, J. E. Hernández
Bermejo
E5-O02 Enfermedades, dolencias y trastornos manejados
con remedios naturales por usuarios de medicina E7-O04 Las "plantas silvestres" dentro del huerto tradicional,
popular en la ciudad de Badajoz mecanismo de conservación de la biodiversidad y
D. Peral, M.A. Martín, J.R. Vallejo, M.C. Carrasco posibles ventajas de la inversión del proceso en la
actualidad
E5-O03 Historia de los distintos enfoques en la investigación
C. Anllo Naveiras, J. Anllo Naveiras
sobre Medicina Popular
D. Peral, J.R. Vallejo E7-P01 Estudio de la agrobiodiversidad en huertos del centro
E5-O04 De la "Medicina Popular" al pluralismo médico de Asturias
E. Perdiguero S. Vila, J.J. Lastra, L. Aceituno, L. Calvet Mir, T. Garnatje,
G. Ochoa, M. Parada, M. Pardo de Santayana, M. Rigat, J.
E5-O05 The "Land of Herbology": Ethnobotanical knowledge Vallès, V. Reyes-García
as collective identity
E. Mateus E7-P02 Recuperación del saber popular asociado a las vías
pecuarias como recurso para el desarrollo sostenible
E5-O06 Challenges in the introduction of ethnopharmacologi- en el tramo toledano de la Cañada Real Segoviana
cal resources in public health care services in Mexi- J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, A. Rodríguez Torres, R.
co City Pérez-Badia
P. Hersch Martínez
E7-P03 Transhumance in Galicia
E5-P01 Plantas aromáticas e medicinais e conhecimento J.L. Rubio, M. Luzon
etnobotânico em Trás-os-Montes (Portugal): recolha EHPE-8 86
de usos e saberes em novos contextos rurais
A. Castro, S. Claro, M.T. Ramos, L. Barros, A.M. Carvalho E8-O01 Aproximación a la tipología de los fitónimos en cata-
lán
E5-P02 Etnobotánica de algunas comunidades Afro-des-
J. Vallès, E. Carrió, T. Garnatje, M. Parada, M. Rigat
cendientes de América desde un Contexto Mágico-
Religioso E8-O02 Los nombres de los árboles en las distintas lenguas
N. Pino, G. Ramírez de los Pirineos: una aproximación etnobotánica
L. Villar, R. Garreta, J. Vallès
E5-P03 Representations of everlasting flowers (Helichrysum
sp. pl.) in symbolic funerary iconography E8-O03 Fitotoponimia de la provincia de Ciudad Real (España)
J. Izco, G. Caneva A. García-Villaraco, M. Pardo de Santayana, R. Morales
EHPE-6 81 E8-O04 Malherbología etnológica: las malas hierbas en la
E6-O01 Las plantas del mundo ante la ortodoxia galénica y la toponimia castellana y leonesa
experiencia en la Europa del Renacimiento M. Sanz Elorza
J.L. Fresquet, C. Aguirre E8-O05 Fitonimia del macizo del Montseny (cordillera prelito-
E6-O02 La obra botánica de Andrés Laguna (siglo XVI) en su ral catalana). Aspectos etnobotánicos, lingüísticos y
traducción del Dioscórides toponímicos
R. Morales M.A. Bonet, J.C. Villalonga
E6-O03 La Etnobotánica en México, aspectos legales E8-O06 Transfigurações da "árvore". Considerações sobre o
M. Gispert Cruells, B. Coutiño Bello género e suas alterações na lingua portuguesa
A.S. Dias, L.S. Dias, T. Santos
E6-P01 Los "sanpedritos": recurso etnofarmacológico nahua
de Guerrero, México, y sus diversos planos de efica- E8-O07 Contribución de la Fitoponimia y la Toponimia Forestal
cia a la Sinfitocorología Histórica: algunos ejemplos en
L. González Chévez, P. Hersch Martínez La Rioja
EHPE-7 83 C. López Leiva, J. Cuevas Moreno, L. Bajo González, E.
Marcos Ruiz
E7-O01 Estudio etnobotánico de los huertos domésticos de
Montejo de la Sierra: manejo, variedades y redes so- E8-O08 Nomenclatura popular de los recursos biológicos en
ciales Castilla-La Mancha (España)
R.R. Ontillera Sánchez, M. Pardo de Santayana, L. Aceituno J. Fajardo, A. Verde, A. Valdés, J. Botía, R. Roldán, D. Ri-
Mata, V. Reyes-García vera, C. Obón
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 21
E8-P01 Morfoanatomía de hojas de Eucalyptus cinerea F. ISE1-P08 Establishment of a Dynamic Ethnomedicinal Databa-
Muell. ex Benth. (Myrtaceae) se based on Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
S.M. Silva, Y. Alquini, L. Hoffmann, T. Nakashima P. Guo, Z.Z. Zhao, F.S.J. Hung, M.H. Wu, H.B. Chen
E8-P02 Fitotoponímia das Terras de Miranda, Portugal. Re- ISE1-P09 Mixtures of Medicinal Plants used in Navarra (Spain)
lação entre os topónimos em mirandês, as plantas, R.Y. Cavero, S. Akerreta, M.I. Calvo
os saberes e os vestígios de outras eras e povos ISE1-P10 Antibacterial activity of extracts from endemic "Mon-
A.B. Alves, M.T. Ramos, A.M. Carvalho tado" species against multi-drug resistant pathogens
E8-P03 Contenido nutrimental de dos especies de flores de B. Lai, A. Duarte, G. Teixeira, A.I. Correia, N. Oliveira, A.M.
Madureira
palmas comestibles en la reserva "Selva del Ocote",
México ISE1-P11 Salvia divinorum: Its novel use and representation on
A. Caballero Roque, J. Ballinas, J. Morales the WWW
I. Casselman, M. Heinrich
ISE 93 ISE1-P12 Diffusion indices as innovative tools to compare
ISE-1 95 ethnopharmacological data. Case of antileishmanial
plant species in Amazonia
ISE1-O01 A sustainable approach to Ethnopharmacology – Bio- G. Odonne, D. Stien, G. Bourdy
vision Foundation supports pilot project in Kenya’s
ISE1-P13 Comparison of the Chemical Profiles and Anti-platelet
rainforest
Aggregation Effects of Two "Dragon’s Blood" Drugs
W. Lwande, V. Albertin, J. Bwire, H.R. Herren, F. Nduguli , Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine
M. Nelima, F. Wartmann, B. Frei Haller T. Yi, H.B. Chen, Z-Z Zhao, J Liu
ISE1-O02 A botanical and medicinal Ethnography of Vanuatu ISE1-P14 Medicinal Plants in the Markets of Pucallpa, Peruvian
G. Bradacs, J. Heilmann, O. Ullrich, C. Weckerle Amazon
ISE1-O03 Towards a database on ethnobotany of the Catalan X. Jauregui García, M. Clavo Peralta, M. Pardo-de-Santa-
linguistic area yana
E. Carrió, M. Parada, J. Parada, M. Rigat, X. Sobrequis, T. ISE1-P15 Sustainable use of wild medicinal plants: a case study
Garnatje, J. Vallés in Nabanhe National Nature Reserve, Yunnan/China
S.F. Bucher, B. Ghorbani, Dr. G. Langenberger , J. Sauerborn
ISE1-O04 The importance of palms as medicinal resources in
northwestern South America ISE1-P16 Anatomical characterizacion, anti-tripanocide and
M.J. Macía, R. Cámara-Leret, N. Paniagua-Zambrana free radical scavenging activities of Castela tweedii
Planch. (Simaroubaceae)
ISE1-P01 The Medicinal Use of Invertebrates in Northern Viet- L. Pulido Garcia, O. Di Sapio, I. Nocito, M.N. Campagna,
nam M. Gattuso
M. Teravainen, K. Dang Long, N. Phuong Lien, N. Huy
Phong, N. Duc Hiep, J. Muona ISE1-P17 Traditional andalusian phytotherapy: synthesis and
comparative analysis between eastern and western
ISE1-P02 Plants used as pesticides in Hidalgo State, México Andalusia
M.A. Villavicencio Nieto, B.E. Pérez Escandón, B.N. López M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero Mesa, G. Benitez, R. Ve-
Gutiérrez, A.J. Gordillo Martínez lasco, J. Vilches
ISE1-P03 Evaluation of cestocidal efficacy of Acacia oxyphylla ISE1-P18 The medicinal use of acorns in the Iberian Peninsula
(Leguminosae) E. García Gómez, M. Pardo de Santayana, J. Pereira Sieso
R. Bishnupada, S. Dasgupta ISE1-P19 Medicinal plant uses linked to the transhumance
ISE1-P04 Evaluation of the insecticidal activity from Tithonia cattle track of the Cañada Real Segoviana in Toledo
diversifolia and Clibadium sylvestre in the control of (central Spain)
Atta cephalotes L. J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, S. Sardinero, R. Pérez-Badia
N. Pino, E. Palacios, L. Perea ISE1-P20 Medicinal plants known as "Arnica" in the Iberian
Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): An ethnobotanical
ISE1-P05 Review of Oncology-focused publications in field of
review
Chinese Herbal Medicine
D. Rivera, C. Obón, A. Verde, J. Fajardo, A. Valdés
R. Kumari, J. de Lucio Cazana, L. Garcia Bermejo, S Watson
ISE1-P21 Wild Food Plants Used in Kfarhamam (Southern Leba-
ISE1-P06 Significance of Tovomita species in strict diets in non)
Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon) L. Attieh, D. Rivera, C. Obón, F. Alcaraz
J. Sanz-Biset, S. Cañigueral
ISE1-P22 Biological and cultural heritage of native medicinal
ISE1-P07 Evaluating the contribution of the reintroduction and plants in the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil: rescue
use of Yagé in Siona indigenous communities in Putu- and communication of knowledge
mayo, Colombia F. Chechetto, C.W. Kffuri, A. Balbino Ferreira, Lin Chau
L. Matias-Hernandez, S. Fustukian Ming, G. Antônio Damian, C. Trein
22 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P09 The essential oil of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis R. ISE3-P23 The effects of Lonicera caerulea berry consumption
Morales (Lamiaceae) in his limit of western distribu- on the antioxidative status of healthy human volun-
tion in the Iberian Peninsula teers in a one week intervention study
J. Blanco, T. Ruiz, F.M. Vázquez, M.J. Pérez-Alonso, M.A. J. Ulrichova, J. Heinrich, I. Palíková, V. Simanek
Cases ISE3-P24 Chemical and anti-inflammatory effect of the metha-
ISE3-P10 From traditional remedies to modern medicines – nol extract from Pimenta racemosa var. terebinthina
phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Figs: a Caribbean medicinal plant
a reverse pharmacology journey M.T. Saenz, M.A. Fernández, A. Quilez, M.D. García
S.C. Mandal ISE3-P25 Uterotonic activity of plant species used for abortion
ISE3-P11 Medicinal properties of Opuntia stricta fruits in Tanzania
J.M. Obón, M.R. Castellar, M. Alacid, M.C. Díaz-García F. Nielsen, T. Nikolajsen, V. Rasch, P. Hartvigsen, B.L. Søren-
sen, S.B. Christensen, A. K.Jäger
ISE3-P12 Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of
carnosic acid derivatives ISE3-P26 A family of Glucosyltransferases from Crocus sativus
C. Theoduloz, J.A. Rodríguez, F. Monsalve, G. Schmeda- stigmas
Hirschmann, C. Delporte, M. Rodríguez A. Trapero, Y. Valero, A. Rubio-Moraga, O. Aharazem, L.
Gómez-Gómez
ISE3-P13 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used as spi-
cy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material in hotpot ISE3-P27 Cloning and allergenic reactivity of two minor saffron
M. Wu M, Z.Z. Zhao, H.B. Chen allergens rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02
L. Gómez-Gómez, F. Feo-Brito, A. Rubio-Moraga, A. Trape-
ISE3-P14 From the Araucaria araucana resin to new gastropro- ro-Mozos, A. Prieto, O. Botella-Miralles, O. Ahrazem
tective compounds by selective semisynthesis
ISE3-P28 Scientific publications on animal studies of Chinese
G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, C.Theoduloz
Herbal Medicines (CHM)
ISE3-P15 Photodynamic inactivation of yeast and bacteria by ex- N. Tejedor, L. Garcia, G. Olmos, X. Dong, Z. Ye, R. Kumari, Q.
tracts from Alternanthera brasiliana (Amaranthaceae) Xu, S. Watson, X. Cheng, P. Li, F. Lucio
N.L. Andreazza, C.C. de Lourenço, T.F. Lapinski, A. Gaspa-
ISE3-P29 Chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of
retto, S.R. Zamuner, S. Khouri, E. Munin, M.J. Salvador Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae)
ISE3-P16 Pharmacological properties of Anagallis arvensis and M.D. García, M.A. Fernández, A. Quilez, R. Puerta, M.T.
Anagallis foemina traditionally used as wound hea- Sáenz
ling remedies ISE3-P30 In vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicological eva-
V. López, A.K. Jäger, S. Akerreta, R.Y. Cavero, M.I. Calvo luation of a leaf ethanolic extract of Diospyros villosa
ISE3-P17 Effect of jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic G. da Silva, J. Cirera, J. Rocha, R. Serrano, E.T. Gomes, B.
acid on tropan alkaloids production by Atropa bella- Sepodes, A. Duarte, O. Silva
donna L. transformed with the rolB gene ISE3-P31 Anti-inflammatory activity of four Baccharis species
S.A. Eskandari, K. Piri, M. Kayhanfar, T. Hasanloo E. Mata, M.J. Abad, L. Apaza, L.M. Bedoya, E. Gonzales,
ISE3-P18 Ethnopharmacological screening of South African P. Bermejo
medicinal plants and HPLC based activity profiling for ISE3-P32 New compound of Artemisia campestris subsp. gluti-
antiprotozoal leads nosa, as inhibitor of nitric oxide
Y. Hata, T. Julianti, T. Mokoka, N. Moodley, S. Zimmer- L. Apaza, L.M. Bedoya, E. Fernandes, M.J. Abad, P. Bermejo
mann, M. Adams, R. Brun, M. Kaiser, M. Hamburger
ISE3-P33 Potential antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors from
ISE3-P19 Comparison of biochemical markers of stress res- leaf extracts of Zanthoxylum spp.
ponses in Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) from Sung Jin Hwang, Sang Mi Han, Suk Cheon Pak
three different Valencian habitats
O. Mayoral, M. Boscaiu, J.V. Llinares, P. Donat, I. Bautista, ISE3-P34 Antimicrobial activity of Panda oleosa Pierre stem
bark against oral microorganisms
A. Lidón, C. Lull, O. Vicente
G. Brusotti, I. Cesari, P. Grisoli, C. Dacarro, G. Caccialanza
ISE3-P20 Screening of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of
ISE3-P35 Evaluation of the antiviral properties of Andes nutri-
two American mistletoes
tional plants
A.J. Alonso-Castro, M.R. Jacobo-Salcedo, L.A. Gonzalez-
L.M. Bedoya, L. Apaza, E. Mata, G. Rocabado, E. Gonzáles,
Espindola, R. González-Martínez, L.A. Salazar-Olivo, A. M.J. Abad, J. Alcami, P. Bermejo
García-Carrancá
ISE3-P36 Comparative study on monosaccharide compositions
ISE3-P21 Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of between Astragalus polysaccharide and Hedysarum
Cordia americana polysaccharide by precolumn derivation HPLC
F. Geller, B. Heinzmann, O. Werz, E. Flores, I. Merfort, S. J. Liu, S.K. Yung, H.B Chen, ZZ Zhao, T. Yi
Laufer
ISE3-P37 An integrated approach to ethnomedicinal research. A
ISE3-P22 Pharmacological evaluation of Artemisia vulgaris case study with an Australian aboriginal community
G.M. Natividad, K.J. Broadley, E.J. Kidd, W.R. Ford, C. Si- J. Packer, J. Gaikwad, D. Harrington, S. Ranganathan, S.
mons Vemulpad, J. Jamie, Yaegl Community Elders
24 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P38 Benzophenones from the roots of the Popoluca Ame- ISE3-P51 Plantas usadas na Etnoveterinária para o tratamento
rindian medicinal plant Securidaca diversifolia (L.) de doenças parasitárias no município de Pocinhos,
S.F. Blake Paraíba, Brasil.
L. Casu, M. Novella Solinas, A.R. Saba, F. Cottiglia, P. Cabo- M.V.A. Confessor, L.E.T. Mendonça, J.S. Mourão, R.R.N
ni, C. Floris, S. Laconi, R. Pompei, M. Leonti Alves
ISE3-P39 Therapeutic properties of Indigo, alkaloids derived ISE3-P52 The protective effects of propolis ethanol extract on as
from Indigofera truxillensis Kunth in classic models of pirin-induced hepatic inflammation and necrosis in rat
inflammation H.A. González-Ponce, M. Galván-Valencia, S.R. Bullón-
R.J. Dunder, E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, L.P. Manzo, C. Alcalá, S.M. Durán-Torres
Takayama, A.C.A. Almeida, F.M. De Faria, A.R.M. Souza-
Brito. ISE3-P53 Effect of Cydonia oblonga on experimental thrombo-
sis in rats
ISE3-P40 Animal Models for Cancer Research in Traditional A. Umar, U. Lanbayer, W. Zhou, S. Tian, I. Tohti, M. Happar,
Chinese Medicine G. Toulax, B. Berka, N. Moore
W. Yang, G. Li , L. Garcia, G. Olmos, F. Lucio, X. Cheng
ISE3-P54 Antidiabetic activity from the infusions of the leaves
ISE3-P41 Thai medicinal herbs for anti-inflammatories and an- of Hintonia latiflora
ticancers S. Cristians, R. Mata, R. Bye
N. Siriwatanametanon, B.L. Fiebich, T. Efferth, M. Heinrich
ISE3-P55 Antimicrobial activity and Chemical composition of
ISE3-P42 Plants used to treat genito-urinary system disorders the essential oil of Hofmeisteria schaffneri
in a rural community in the zona da Mata of Minas A. Pérez-Vásquez, S. Capella, E. Linares, R. Bye, G. Ange-
Gerais, Brazil les-López, R. Mata
C.W. Kffuri, F. Chechetto, L.C. Ming
ISE3-P56 Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Sambu-
ISE3-P43 Proteínas do látex de Calotropis procera modulam a cus nigra extract on TNBS-induced colitis model
resposta inflamatória na sepse induzida por Salmo- E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, F.M. de-Faria, A.C.A. Al-
nella typhimurium em camundongos meida, R.J. Dunder, C. Takayama, M.S. da-Silva, A.R.M.
R.S.B. Oliveira, I.S.T. Figueiredo, R.S.P. Pinheiro, L.B.N. Frei-
Souza-Brito
tas, E.S. Araújo, G.A.C. Brito, J.V. Lima-Filho, M.V. Ramos,
N.M.N. Alencar ISE3-P57 Traditional Cree medicines modulate steatosis and
antioxidant activity, but not insulin sensitivity in fat-
ISE3-P44 Fraction from Calotropis procera latex shows anti-
laden H4IIE liver cells
inflammatory and protective effects in models of gas-
A. Afshar, P.L. Owen, L. Martineau, T. Johns, J.T. Arnason,
tric ulcer and intestinal mucositis in mice.
P.S. Haddad
N.M.N. Alencar, M.V. Ramos, C.B.H. Osorio, F.S. Bitencourt,
V.L. Kumar, R.C.P. Lima-Junior, J.P. Figueiredo, P.B. Luz, S.A. ISE3-P58 In vitro biological activities of plant extracts from
Melo, R.A. Ribeiro several genera used in Puerto Rico as adjuvants for
ISE3-P45 Estandarización de un extracto, con actividad anti- diabetes
malárica, de Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandw. (Me- C. Cordero-Goad, W. Figueroa-Cuilan, J. Gavillán-Suárez,
nispermaceae): Fase I C. Luciano-Montalvo, M. Martínez Montemayor, L. Otero,
Y. Hata, P. Luengas, L. Arteaga, R. Pinzón, P. Palacios, L.F. M.C. Quiñones, M. Ramírez-Vicéns, J.E. Roque, L. Santia-
Ospina go-Capeles, Y. Rivera
ISE3-P46 Skin protection and skin whitening effects of flowers ISE3-P59 Antihyperglycemic activity of Allium elburzense Wen-
of Prunus persica var. davidiana delbo bulbs on normal and streptozotocin-induced
S.C. Shin, M.Y. Kim, D.U. Lee diabetic rats
B. Zolfaghari, M. Minaeian, Y. Shokoohinia, P. Ramezanloo,
ISE3-P47 Evaluation of the action mechanism of anxiolytic-like A. Sadeghi, M. Mahmudzadeh
effect of essential oil (EO) from Citrus aurantium L.
C.A.R.A. Costa, M. Costa ISE3-P60 Resin of Pinaceae: natural synthon pharmacological
action on the central nervous system
ISE3-P48 In vitro cytotoxic activity of two Euphorbia species L. Carballo Y. Arteagar, J. Tacoronte, Y. Betancourt
from Spain
N. Acero, D. Muñoz-Mingarro ISE3-P61 Ethnobotany and phytochemistry in a national park of
Cuba
ISE3-P49 Actividad anti-inflamatoria de fracciones químicas L Carballo, Y. Rodríguez, Y. Arteaga, M.L. Cadme
aisladas de extractos de Byrsonima crassifolia y Vis-
mia cayennensis ISE3-P62 Control of tropical diseases transmitted by mollusks
M. García, K. Marin, F. Michelangeli, M.C. Ruiz, A. Quinte- from cuban Pinaceae resins
ro, E. Villamizar, P. Taylor Y. Arteaga, L Carballo, J. Tacoronte,Y. Betancourt
ISE3-P50 Analgesic effect of propolis extract from Zacatecas ISE3-P63 Assessment of ghee mixture and Prosopis farcta
Mexico: a semi-arid region powder efficacy in dermal wound healing process
M. Galván-Valencia, B.L. García-Macías, G.P. Hernández- N. Mahdavi Shahri, J. Khayatzadeh, M. Nakhaee Mogha-
Delgadillo, S. Durón-Torres dam, Z. Shahi
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 25
ISE3-P64 Immune regulation effects of Abnormal Savda Mun- ISE5-P03 History, custom and the use of medicinal insects.
ziq granules on mice Blister beetles from the Mediterranean World to
A. Yusup, G. Imam, N. Rozi, A. Aikemu, B. Berke, N. Moore, Americas
H. Upur E. Motte-Florac
ISE3-P65 Quality control of Verbascum thapsus L. product in ISE-6 156
the market ISE6-O01 Mazatecs ethnopharmacy 70 years after Schultes: an
M.T. Barquero, J. Güemes, I. Martínez-Solís, P. Soriano historical comparison
Guarinos P. Giovannini, M. Heinrich
ISE3-P66 Essential oils of Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis ISE6-P01 Presencia y distribución de polifenoles en la frutilla
and S. microphylla: two taxa from the north of Alican- chilena (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis): un estu-
te (Spain) used in traditional herbal liquors dio mediante HPLC-DAD y HPLC-MS/MS
V. Martínez-Francés, R. Vila, S. Ríos, J. Juan, S. Cañigueral G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, M.J. Simirgiotis, J. Cheel
ISE3-P67 Epicatechin stimulates gastric mucus production and ISE6-P02 A feast of yellow: Notes on safflower use in Alentejo
protects the stomach against ethanol and indometha- (Portugal)
cin. H. Sapeta, A.S. Dias
A. Tanimoto, A.L. Rozza, B.B. Gregorio, T.M. Moraes, H.
Kushima, C.A. Hiruma-Lima, C.H. Pellizzon ISE6-P03 Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Plectranthus
barbatus herbal tea
ISE3-P68 The biologically active substances of Barbarea vul- P.L. Falé, L. Ascensão, M.L. Serralheiro
garis R. Br.
M. Marenich ISE6-P04 Enrichment study of virgin olive oil with antioxidants
phenolic acid from natural food plants.
ISE3-P69 Ethnopharmacology of ethnic Kichwa and Shuar in J.J. Berzas Nevado, V. Rodriguez Robledo, C. Sánchez-
the Ecuadorian Amazon Carnerero Callado
M. Alessandrini Díaz, M. Lorena Cadme, Y. Betancourt Fi-
gueras, M. Torres Morocho, P. Aragón ISE6-P05 Nutritional and nutraceutical composition of two
Lamiaceae traditionally used in Portugal as spices,
ISE-5 151
flavours or medicines
ISE5-O01 German Renaissance herbals from a pharmacologi- A.S.F. Fernandes, L. Barros, A.M. Carvalho, I.C.F.R. Ferreira
cal perspective
ISE6-P06 Ethnobotany and foraging behaviour: a new appro-
M. Adams, M. Kessler, M. Klugea, M. Hamburger
ach for an emerging problem. Lactuca alpina (L.) A.
ISE5-O02 Prevalence of Materia Medica in European medicine Gray and unrelated toxic plants consumed as food
along the last third of nineteenth century: the French M.L. Colombo, S.Perego, C. Vender, F. Davanzo
case
ISE6-P07 Plants Used as Food and Medicine by Polish Immi-
J.L. Fresquet-Febrer, C.P. Aguirre-Marco
grants in Misiones, Argentina
ISE5-O03 Western herbal practice in Australia and the US: M. Kujawska
medicinal plants, colonisation and the transfer of
ISE6-P08 Wild Food Plants used by the Walser ethnic minority
knowledge
in the Alps
S. Evans
D. Rivera, C. Obón, F. Alcaraz
ISE5-O04 Cannabis spp. and Ethnopharmacology: historical
and anthropological perspectives on plants, cons- WORKSHOPS (W) 161
ciousness and healing
A. Waldstein W1 163
ISE5-O05 Five centuries in the Spanish Ethnobotany: from La- W1-01 Ethnobiology and ethnopharmacology: challenges for
guna to Font Quer junior researchers
R. Morales, M. Pardo de Santayana, J. Tardío S. Cristians
W2 163
ISE5-O06 Observations on Ethnobotany as a support for ar-
chaeobotanical reconstructions: Citrullus colocyn- W2-01 Use of ethnobotanical results in outreach and educa-
this (L) Schrader, use in Saharan Areas tion: from community workshops to curriculum deve-
I. Massamba N’siala, A.M. Mercuri, S. Biagetti lopment and cultural sensitivity training
I. Vandebroek
ISE5-P01 Using traditional pesticides by iranian and moslem
physicians in Cambat against harmful animals W2-02 Missouri Botanical Garden: partnership and capacity
Nasser Mahdavi Shahri, Baharara J. building in ethnobotanical research in Northern Peru
R.W. Bussmann
ISE5-P02 Migration, nutrition and aging across the life-course
of Bangladeshi families: Exploring food and medici- W2-03 School kids as Ethnobotanists - Knowledge trans-
nal uses of plants across transnational and genera- mission in the Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal
tional landscapes (Austria)
H. Jennings S. Grasser, C. Schunko, C.R. Vogl
26 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
KN-01 Ethnopharmacology and biodiversity conservation: towards a sustainable future for indigenous peo-
ples
V.H. Heywood
Centre for Plant Diversity & Systematics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
Objectives: This paper examines how humans are dependent on biodiversity for health and nutrition, especially in the case of
indigenous communities whose reliance on plants for traditional medicines, food, fuel and fibre makes them especially vulnerable
to environmental change and which continue to suffer discrimination, marginalization, extreme poverty and conflict (1).
Methods: Ethnopharmacology, biodiversity and agriculture are in effect inextricably linked and the interactions between them
are examined in the context of: (a) changes in the way in which Ethnopharmacology is currently perceived, (b) major advances in
understanding and use of traditional medicines and adoption of safety standards (c) changes in approaches to biodiversity conser-
vation, (d) a recognition of the key role of local communities in managing biodiversity, (e) a convergence of interest between the
agrobiodiversity and conservation sectors, (f) an increased appreciation of the need to adopt a wider approach to human nutrition
than conventional agricultural model allows, (g) an increased recognition of intellectual property rights, access to resources and
benefit sharing, (h) the impact of global changes and in particular accelerated climate change on biodiversity, food production and
human health, which is forcing the development of a new conservation dynamic.
Results and conclusions: These all interact to produce what Nina Etkin termed "dynamic tension" (2) that will invigorate Ethno
pharmacology and require a much broader perspective and understanding of what is happening to indigenous communities, their
local biodiversity, their health and nutritional requirements and the options available for their conservation and sustainable use.
Keywords: Ethnopharmacology, biodiversity, agriculture, human nutrition.
References: 1. Sha Zukang, Foreword to The State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, United Nations, New York (2009). 2. Etkin, N.L. &
Elisabetsky, E. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 100:23–26.
PL-02 The relevance of traditional ecological knowledge in Ethnopharmacology. Theoretical and metho
dological contributions.
V. Reyes-García
ICREA and ICTA-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, victoria.reyes@uab.cat
Background: Culture patterns human behaviour and -through it- affects human health. In traditional societies, an essential
function of culture has been to establish and transmit a body of knowledge, practices, and believes regarding the use of locally
available natural resources to improve health and nutritional status. This body of medicinal –and nutritional- knowledge, develo-
ped through an intricate relation of a cultural group with its environment, does not consist of isolated pieces of information, but
rather it constitutes a piece of knowledge linked to a larger coherent ensemble. Thus, ethnopharmacological uses of plants, ani-
mals, and minerals are better understood if studied as a domain of knowledge embedded in the large body of cultural knowledge,
practices, and believes (i.e., rituals) of a group.
Objectives: In this paper, I review the theoretical and methodological contributions of research on traditional ecological knowled-
ge to Ethnopharmacology.
Methods: The paper is based on the Ethnopharmacology literature dealing with traditional ecological knowledge.
Results and conclusions: Main theoretical contributions discussed include 1) theories about the relation between ethnophar-
macological cultural knowledge, practices and believes, 2) theories about the unequal distribution of cultural knowledge affecting
the distribution of pharmacological knowledge in a group, and 3) theories about the social relations that enable the use of eth-
nopharmacological knowledge. The discussion on methodological contributions of research on traditional ecological knowledge to
Ethnopharmacology includes the use of i) qualitative methods to contextualize research, ii) methods to retrieve local classification
systems (including botanical classification or local concepts of disease), and iii) methods derived from Cultural Consensus theory.
Keywords: Cultural knowledge, consensus analysis, traditional ecological knowledge, review.
36 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
PL-04 Impact of historical texts on today’s medicinal plant knowledge in the Mediterranean
M. Leonti a, S. Cabras b, C.S. Weckerle c, M Novella Solinas a, L. Casu a
a
Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
b
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
c
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
Background: Plant use has been the subject of many codices, documents and books and still is the subject of many scientific
articles, trivial books and brochures. These texts, both historical and recent, exert a strong influence on local plant use.
Objectives and Methods: With a statistical analysis, suitable for non-experimental settings, we tested the hypothesis of a
causal effect of historical texts upon contemporary medicinal plant use in southern Italy.
Results and conclusions: Quantitative approaches are as essential for the understanding of the evolution of plant use as they
are for the understanding of present plant use. Present plant use is not only conditioned by historical texts but to what extent
autochthonous orally transmitted knowledge, new adaptations and accidental discoveries are involved is difficult to assess. Con-
sidering the long-lasting effect of historical texts, more recent books, brochures, newspapers and commercials very likely also
exert an influence.
Keywords: Statistical methods; De Materia Medica; History; Knowledge transmission; Pharmacognosy; Ethnobotany.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 37
PL-05 Changing scenario for promotion and development of Ayurveda in ISM – way forward
P. K. Mukherjee
FRSC Director, School of Natural Product Studies, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
The Indian subcontinent, with the history of one of the oldest civilization owns various traditional alternative and complementary
medicines. Ayurveda, with a history that goes back to 5000 B.C., is one of the ancient health care systems besides, there are
Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, Yoga and Naturopathy which are being practiced for years together.
Development of these traditional systems of medicines with the perspectives on safety, efficacy and quality not only safeguard this
traditional heritage, but also help to rationalize the use of natural products in health care for the society at large. Integrated appro-
aches for development of Ayurveda and other Indian system of medicine (ISM) may assist in developing therapeutic leads and can
help in improved understanding on their mechanism of action, modified compositions at molecular level and better understanding
of interactions among various molecules for their synergy or adverse reaction.
Scientific validation of all the parameters on ISM is a very vital step towards safer herbal medicine so much so to strengthen their
uses in health care. For assuring the therapeutic efficacy, safety and to rationalize their use in the health care several initiatives
has been taken. The development of ISM including Ayurveda and other traditional Indian systems of medicine will help to tap
traditional ethnopharmacological knowledge for development of therapeutically potential leads.
The assessment and evaluation of herbal drugs, in what ever form it is being documented; the objectives to be met are generally
stated in terms of what is to be achieved in several areas of manufacture and quality control including cultivation and collection
and their evaluation in every way for their safety and efficacy. The discussion will focus on:
- Various facets of ISM and Ayurvedic drugs.
- Development of ISM and Ayurvedic drugs.
- Initiatives for their assessment and evaluation.
- Regulations in relevance to ISM and Ayurvedic drug development.
- Scientific validation for their quality, safety and efficacy.
- Limitations and challenges for their development.
PL-06 The Tree of Life: An ecological continuum of food, medicine, and poison
W. McClatchey
Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; will.mcclatchey@gmail.com
We only tap into part of the diversity of life. What is the fraction of different sorts of organisms that are useful to us as foods,
medicines or are poisonous to us? If mapped onto the tree of life it is clear that there is are "sweet-spots" for each of these based
on factors including: genetic distance, ecological position and inherent dietary flexibility of our own species. This presentation
provides an overview of the continuum of food, medicine and poisons and proposes some hypotheses from a evolutionary botanical
perspective.
38 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
PL-09 Exchanges between Brazilian native cultures and Portuguese traditional medicine – an ethno-
pharmacological perspective
E. Elisabetsky a, I. Manzali de Sá b
a
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 500/211, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
b
Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Folk medicine in Brazil is often described as the rich mixture of African (mostly Yorubá), European (mainly Portuguese) and Ame-
rindian medical traditions. Nevertheless, given the complex exchange at place in colonial times, and the mosaic of influences
such as the Islamic in Portuguese and Yorubá traditions, this may be a somewhat simplified view. A closer observation on such
exchanges has implications for interpreting Ethnopharmacology surveys. Medicinal plants documented by European naturalists in
contact with Amerindian indigenous groups, such as ipeca – Igpecacoaya (Cephaelis ipecacuanha), became influential in European
medical practices, as found at the 1876 edition of the Pharmacopêa Portugueza (1); several were eventually re-introduced in Brazil
as European knowledge. Ethnobotanical surveys can actually reveal distinct contact zones where biological and cultural exchange
took place between Portugal and its colonies (2). Interestingly, even species used in the European herbalism in a magic-therapeutic
context, such as Ruta graveolens (Western Europe) and Zingiber officinalis (India), can now be found in nearly all of the cultures
merged into what is understood as the Brazilian traditional medicine (3). The intricate routes of Brazilian popular medicine will be
illustrated.
Acknowledgments: CNPq.
References: 1. Pharmacopêa Portugueza. Lisboa:Imprensa Nacional,1876. 2. Pratt, ML. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transcultura-
tion. London:Routledge,1992. 3. Marquesini, NR. 1995. Plantas usadas como medicinais pelos índios do Sul do Brasil (Guarani, Kaingang,
Xowleng, Ava-Guarani, Kraô e Cayuá), Ms UFPr; Ming, LC.
EHPE
1er Encuentro Hispano-Portugués de Etnobiología (EHPE 2010):
Los desafios de la Etnobiología en España y Portugal
1 Encontro Hispano-Português de Etnobiologia (EHPE 2010):
Os desafios da Etnobiologia em Espanha e Portugal
E1-O02 Ajenjo: the case of unusual plants adapted for human consumption
M. Viteri, M. Heinrich
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
Background: As part of a comprehensive ethnobotanical study of medicinal and food plants in Teruel, a mountainous province in
Eastern Spain, we identified "ajenjos" as a culturally important group of species mostly of the genus Artemisia. Through various
preparations these species have been adapted for human consumption. Species used by the Turolense people include Artemisia
absinthium (Mill.) DC., A. vulgaris L., A. pedemontana Balb. and A. reptans Ch. Sm as well as Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. Artemi-
sia herba-alba Asso. is used but not classified as "ajenjo".
Objectives: To understand how the four species are used for specific internal or external health conditions, as well as the cultural
background for the usage of these particular species.
Methods: Ethnobotanical field work, systematic interviews with informants from various towns and regions, taxonomic classifica-
tion.
Results and conclusions: The species of Artemisia are prepared in a variety of ways like infusions or shower baths. The pungent
smell makes them an immediate "medicinal". The most interesting example is A. reptans Ch. Sm. used with aniseed liqueur. Ch.
nobile and A. herba-alba are used as a bodily tonic to energise and "refresh" the blood. The preparation of these often toxic spe-
cies (A. vulgaris, A. absinthium) might be essential for detoxifying the species and making them adapted for human consumption.
Keywords: Artemisia, poisonous plants, infusions, Teruel, medicinal.
Acknowledgments: Naturex, Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, School of Pharmacy
References: J.T. Mukinda, et al. J. Eth, Volume 112, Issue 1, 30 May 2007, Pages 138-144.
44 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-O03 Are older people wiser about medicinal and food plants? The example of the Basque Country,
Spain
R. Alarcón, C. Priestley, M. Heinrich
The School of Pharmacy. GlaxoSmithKline, rocio.alarcon@pharmacy.ac.uk. Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of
Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
Background: As part of a critical assessment of the rich bio-cultural knowledge of the people in three geographical areas of the
Basque Country, Spain, it has been observed that a wide variety of plant species are used as food and medicine. There are many
factors which may influence an individual’s level of knowledge of food and medicinal plants, including age, gender, occupation,
interest in the subject, access to the resources, government priorities and migration, as well as the abundance and usefulness of
the species in the landscape.
Objectives: To understand if the levels of ancestral knowledge about plant species has a variation or similarities among the
diverse age groups from the region.
Methods: Information was collected using semi-structured and structured ethnobotanical interviews. SPSS was used to analyze
the data.
Results and conclusions: To understand the link between age and the level of knowledge about plants species and their uses,
the 183 informants were divided into three age ranges: 70-98 (Group 1), 31-69 (Group 2), and 20-30 (Group 3) and interview was
carried not only to learns about the uses of plant families and species, but their interest in plants, type of work in their life and
ways of learning about the uses of the plants. It was found that on average members of the Group 2 know the highest number of
plant species and uses. Group 3 is the group with on average the lowest level of knowledge about plants. Therefore, here it was
demonstrated that it is not always the oldest members of society that know the most about medicinal and food uses of plants,
since it was found that individuals in this survey aged 31-69 had a greater level of knowledge than 70-98 as well as 20-30 year olds.
The results show that if people have the opportunity to practise and to maintain their ancestral knowledge age is not a limit. At
the same time not all old people know about uses of plants because their knowledge depends on their occupation, responsibilities
and type of activities in which they partook during their life (and maybe still partake).
Keywords: Age, plants, medicinal plants, diet, ancestral knowledge.
E1-O04 Plantas medicinales de usanza tradicional en la zona centro de las Rías Baixas (Galicia)
E. González Casal, P. Cariñanos González
Universidad de Granada, Dpto. Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, 18071, Granada, España
Antecedentes: La historia de la herboristería popular gallega siempre fue muy amplia y conocida por los lugareños a pesar de
que fue conservada oralmente a lo largo de las generaciones. A todo ello hay que sumarle el fuerte componente supersticioso de
Galicia que ha hecho que las interpretaciones se muevan entre lo místico y lo científico.
Objetivos: Catalogar las plantas medicinales usadas tradicionalmente en la comarca pontevedresa de la provincia del mismo
nombre para dar a conocer los aspectos más relevantes de la conservación y transmisión de este conocimiento a la población.
Métodos: Se han distribuido 300 cuestionarios en centros educativos de la comarca de Pontevedra para recoger el conocimiento
de los usos tradicionales de las plantas. En una primera parte se incluían datos personales de los informantes (edad, profesión,
zona de residencia). La segunda parte contenía datos recopilatorios sobre el conocimiento y uso popular de las especies vegetales
(nombre, propiedades, origen del conocimiento y aplicación).
Resultados y conclusiones: Se recopilaron un total de 114 cuestionarios de los ámbitos rurales y urbanos con información sobre
81 especies de plantas utilizadas para prevenir y/o tratar hasta 69 dolencias o molestias. La familia más citada fue Lamiaceae, y
las enfermedades para las que se citan un mayor número de especies son las relacionadas con procesos nerviosos, destacando Lip-
pia citriodora como especie más citada. Como conclusión puede extraerse que la utilización de especies vegetales sigue estando
muy arraigada en la población del centro de las Rías Baixas.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Plantas medicinales, Rías Baixas, Galicia.
Agradecimientos: Universidad de Granada, Centros Educativos de Cotobade, Puentecaldelas y Pontevedra, Paloma Cariñanos González,
Isaac González Casal, Pilar Casal Santomé, Marcelino González Mirón, José Casal Santomé.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 45
E1-O05 Etnozoologia e conservação da natureza: O caso de uma possível reintrodução de espécies outro-
ra emblemáticas no Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela (Portugal)
F. Soares a, C. Sousa a, b
a
Departamento de Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. b Centro em Rede de Investi-
gação em Antropologia (CRIA - FCSH/UNL); Email: filipafs@gmail.com
Enquadramento: A par da dimensão ecológica, a dimensão sócio-cultural de um qualquer programa de conservação é fulcral para
o sucesso dos mesmos, desempenhando os estudos de cariz etnozoológico e antropológico um papel extremamente importante
neste contexto. Este pressuposto serviu de base à realização de uma investigação no Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela (PNSE),
centrada numa possível reintrodução de espécies outrora emblemáticas.
Objectivos: Pretendeu-se aceder, por um lado, ao grau de aceitação e apoio dessa possível reintrodução por parte da população
local e, por outro, aos possíveis impactos da mesma no contexto social local. Tal passou, por seu turno, por um enquadramento
geral e histórico das percepções sociais e das relações estabelecidas entre a população local e a fauna local.
Métodos: Através do método intensivo, procedeu-se à recolha de dados entre Setembro de 2009 e Março de 2010 na região do
PNSE, através de técnicas complementares: análise de documentos, entrevistas informais (n=18) a informantes locais especializa-
dos e entrevistas semi-estruturadas (n=116) a residentes de sete freguesias rurais da zona norte do PNSE.
Resultados e conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que: a) as percepções da fauna evidenciam uma "escala sociozoológica" base-
ada em parâmetros utilitários, ecológicos e estéticos; b) as percepções em relação à reintrodução estão relacionadas com esta
escala: são favoráveis se a(s) espécie(s) for(em) percepcionada(s) como "boa(s)" e, caso contrário, pouco favoráveis. Apesar da sua
importância, são ainda escassos os estudos deste tipo ligados à conservação da natureza, nomeadamente no contexto português,
e persistem ainda algumas barreiras à sua integração. Um dos grandes desafios consiste, assim, em conhecer e ultrapassar tais
barreiras.
Palavras-chave: Conservação da natureza, percepções sociais, escala sociozoológica, reintrodução.
E1-O06 Plantas silvestres comestibles y su uso tradicional en Gorbeialdea (Bizkaia, País Vasco)
G. Menendez a, I. García-Mijangos b, J. Tardío c, V. Reyes-García d, M. Pardo-de-Santayana a
a
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, España. b Universidad del País Vasco/EHU. Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao,
España.c IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España. d ICREA-ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, España.
Antecedentes: A pesar de su riqueza cultural y natural, Bizkaia es un territorio poco conocido etnobotánicamente.
Objetivos: Este trabajo pretende describir y analizar las plantas silvestres comestibles consumidas tradicionalmente en un área
rural del sur de Bizkaia. También se ha profundizado en la existencia de alimentos estigmatizados como las bellotas.
Métodos: Entre 2008 y 2009 se han realizado 66 entrevistas semidirigidas a 71 informantes del lugar, seleccionados mediante el
método "bola de nieve". Se calculó un índice de Importancia Cultural para cada especie.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha registrado el uso de 40 especies, el 35% consumidas por sus frutos. La mayoría ya no se
utilizan. Según el índice de Importancia Cultural las especies más revelantes son Prunus spinosa, Rubus ulmifolius, Pyrus cordata
y Castanea sativa. Se aportan usos novedosos o poco comunes en la Península Ibérica, como el consumo de los brotes de Fagus
sylvatica y Pteridium aquilinum, de las flores de Aquilegia vulgaris y semillas de Pinus radiata, o la elaboración de perada con
Pyrus cordata. Aunque el número de especies es menor que en otras zonas ibéricas, Gorbeialdea presenta una alta especificidad en
cuanto a las especies consumidas. Finalmente, se ha constatado la importancia del consumo humano de bellotas (Quercus robur,
Q. ilex), aunque éste se encuentre estigmatizado. El registro de este uso requirió el empleo de preguntas directas, pues muy pocos
informantes hablaban de ello espontáneamente.
Palabras clave: Alimentos silvestres comestibles, conocimiento tradicional, Arratia, Bizkaia.
46 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-O07 Percursos da Etnobiología Portuguesa: história, projectos e actividades nos últimos dez anos
A.M. Carvalho a, A. Frazão-Moreira b
a
CIMO e Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. b CRIA e FCSH, Univer-
sidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Berna, 26-C 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal. anacarv@ipb.pt
Enquadramento: Na sequência de projecto de investigação no domínio da Etnobotânica, financiado pela FCT, foi feito um historial
do desenvolvimento desta disciplina em Portugal e um levantamento dos trabalhos de índole etnobiológica passíveis de serem
referenciados.
Objectivos: Fazer o balanço das actividades realizadas até à data, promover a sua divulgação e analisar o estado da investigação
em Etnobiología (IE), em Portugal.
Métodos: Inquirição informal, recolha de bibliografia, consulta da Web, repositórios nacionais, bibliotecas digitais e bases de
dados (FCT, programa AGROS, entre outros).
Resultados e conclusões: Ao longo do período em análise verificou-se um progressivo aumento da IE que pode ser avaliado pelo
número de: projectos financiados e realizados (cerca de 8); teses de mestrado, doutoramento e pós-doutoramento (pelo menos 11);
trabalhos de fim de curso (18); cursos livres; comunicações orais, posters e publicações (revistas nacionais e internacionais com
arbitragem científica, revistas técnicas e de divulgação, relatórios, monografias e guias); criação de museus; e inclusão da Unidade
Curricular de Etnobotânica nos planos de formações de nível superior. A maioria das actividades é do âmbito da Etnobotânica e
da Etnofarmacologia. Há estudos relacionados com a Etnozoologia, contudo não foram encontrados trabalhos realizados noutros
ramos da IE. As principais dificuldades na IE resultam da falta de enquadramento desta ciência na maioria dos programas correntes
de financiamento, dos baixos montantes disponibilizados pelos poucos apoios institucionais que se vão obtendo e na dificuldade
em publicar regularmente os resultados obtidos em periódicos internacionais de maior abrangência.
Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, Etnozoologia, Etnobiologia, Portugal, PALOP.
E1-O08 Tracing medicinal plant knowledge by the use of photographs among Tyrolean (Austria) emigrants
in Australia, Brasil and Peru
H. Pirker, E. Kuhn, R. Haselmair, C. Vogl
Working Group for Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Division of Organic Farming. Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems,
BOKU. Gregor Mendel Strasse 38, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. heidemarie.pirker@boku.ac.at
Background: In recent years studies on medicinal plants within the context of migration have been emerging as an area of ethno
botanical interest and are pursuant to increased global mobility. New cultural and environmental contexts may incite knowledge
transformation as people are challenged to adapt to their new surroundings.
Objectives: Through the use of photographs we wanted to Through comparision we want to get insight first insight about changes
Results and conclusions: Similiarities and discrepancies between the three areas of investigation are interpreted as potential
indicators of continuity and loss (or deculturation) of traditional remedies.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Plant Identification by use of photographs, Migration
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 47
E1-O09 Museo Virtual de Historia de la Educación. Una herramienta para la didáctica de la Etnobotánica
y la Etnozoología
J.P. Marín, J.M. Bernal, J.D. López
Centro de Estudios sobre la Memoria Educativa de la Universidad de Murcia (CEME). Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia.
E-30100, Murcia, España.
Antecedentes: Desde hace unos años, desde distintos departamentos de la Universidad de Murcia y de Institutos de Educación
Secundaria se trabaja en la creación del Museo Virtual de Historia de la Educación (MUVHE), como elemento integrador de los
estudios realizados en las distintas áreas de conocimiento, y como recurso didáctico de interés para la enseñanza de las ciencias
experimentales.
Objetivos: Con esta comunicación se quiere mostrar algunos de los rasgos esenciales del trabajo que se viene desarrollando en
torno a la conservación, catalogación y estudio del patrimonio histórico-científico de los centros educativos. El MUVHE, concebido
como un espacio museístico abierto, quiere contar con la participación activa de todas las personas y entidades que lo deseen,
para llegar a ser, con su colaboración, una zona compartida de la memoria educativa.
Métodos: Inventariado, fotografía y digitalización de documentos, modelos, láminas, seres materiales vivos e inertes. En el caso
de organismos se hace una descripción taxonómica y se explican sus propiedades y usos por parte del hombre. Se hace énfasis en
las características, funciones didácticas, estado de conservación y bibliografía asociada.
Resultados y conclusiones: A lo largo de esta investigación se han catalogado ejemplares de jardines botánicos así como de
laboratorios y museos de la provincia de Murcia. Facilitar esta información fomenta el conocimiento de estos recursos y su uso
por docentes e investigadores.
Palabras clave: Didáctica e Historia de la Ciencia, museos, jardines botánicos, Etnobiología.
Referencias: http://www.um.es/muvhe/user/index.php
E1-O10 Los Laureleros de Nopaltepec, estado de México y el uso de Litsea glaucescens H.B.K. (Laura-
ceae) de Tezoantla, estado de Hidalgo, México
B.N. López Gutiérrez, B.E. Pérez-Escandón, M.A. Villavicencio Nieto
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Pachuca, Hidalgo.
Antecedentes: En torno al uso tradicional de las plantas existen rasgos culturales que se siguen conservando y deben ser con-
siderados para la realización de trabajos etnobotánicos. Tal es el caso de Litsea glaucescens (Lauraceae), llamada comúnmente
laurel y utilizado en la Semana Santa en la comunidad de Nopaltepec, estado de México. Esta planta se encuentra enlistada en la
Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059, bajo la categoría de riesgo en peligro de extinción.
Objetivos: El objetivo del presente trabajo es documentar el uso y manejo de L. glaucescens (laurel) de Hidalgo, en la comunidad
de Nopaltepec, estado de México.
Métodos: Para esto, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participativa.
Resultados y conclusiones: Año con año un grupo de aproximadamente 100 personas denominados "los laureleros" realizan un
viaje de 90 km en caballos y burros, saliendo de Nopaltepec estado de México hacia Tezoantla estado de Hidalgo, para recolectar
laurel, el cual es utilizado para celebrar el Domingo de Ramos en su comunidad. Este recorrido se ha realizado continuamente
desde hace más de 100 años. Una vez que "los laureleros" llegan a Tezoantla recolectan la planta y el párroco ofrece una misa para
bendecirla. Un día después ellos regresan con el laurel cargado en los caballos y burros hacia su comunidad, en donde la gente los
recibe con comida y otra misa en la cual el laurel vuelve a ser bendecido. En el Domingo de Ramos se reparte el laurel a cada uno
de los miembros de la comunidad, los cuales participan en una procesión. El laurel utilizado en la procesión es guardado por cada
persona en su casa y posteriormente se usa para curar enfermedades respiratorias y como condimento.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, Uso, Litsea glaucescens, Hidalgo, México.
48 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-O11 Aprovechamiento de las plantas medicinales en la región Noreste de Actopan, Hidalgo (México)
E.R. Martínez Pérez, M.A. Villavicencio Nieto, B.E. Pérez-Escandón
Laboratorio de Etnobotánica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Apdo., postal 42184,
Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo. México. Tel (771)71-72000, ext. 6648
Antecedentes: La región NE de Actopan, Hidalgo, posee una gran biodiversidad biológica y sus habitantes tienen conocimientos
sobre el aprovechamiento de plantas, particularmente las de uso medicinal, sin embargo, ha sido poco estudiada biológicamente.
En la comunidad de Plomosas, Actopan, Hgo., se reportó el uso de 161 especies de plantas medicinales.
Objetivos: Investigar el aprovechamiento y conocimiento tradicional de plantas medicinales, documentar y analizar información de
su uso, manejo, época de venta, procedencia, cantidad extraída por temporada y derrama económica por especie.
Métodos: Para el trabajo, se caracterizaran a las comunidades: describiendo su vegetación, urbanización, población total, vi-
sitando periódicamente a cada comunidad, a los habitantes se les aplican entrevistas a través de juntas o visitas a viviendas y
recabar información del uso, valor, conocimiento y aprovechamiento. Se visita el tianguis de Actopan, para hacer un análisis y
estimar cantidades de especies aprovechadas temporales o permanentes. Las especies mencionadas se colectan por triplicado, y
se colocan en una prensa y luego en una caja con calor, se realiza una ficha botánica por especies: familia, género, uso, manejo,
partes usadas, forma de vida, hábitat, época de colecta, comercialización.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha reportado el uso de 46 especies. La especie mejor aprovechada es: Tagetes lucida, su extrac-
ción en los meses de venta es aprox. de 3 ton., se contaron 44 puestos de venta y en cada puesto hay de 10 a 15 manojos con un
peso entre 300 y 500 gr., su derrama económica asciende a más de $90 000. Familia y genero mejor representados: Asteraceae y
Tagetes. Del matorral submontano, xerófilo y pastizales se extraen la mayoría de especies.
Palabras clave: tianguis, aprovechamiento, uso, manejo y planta medicinal.
Referencias: Martínez. Plantas Medicinales de la Comunidad de Plomosas, municipio de Actopan, Hidalgo. México. 2007. Scull., Miran-
da., Migdalia e Infante. Plantas medicinales de uso tradicional de Pinar del Río, Cuba. 1997.
E1-O12 Usos tradicionales del madroño (Arbutus unedo L.) y estimación de su producción de frutos
M. Molina a, M. Pardo de Santayana b, R. Morales c, L. Aceituno a,b, J. Tardío a
a
IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. España.
b
Dpto. de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid. España.
c
Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC. Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid. España.
Antecedentes: Los frutos del madroño son un importante recurso alimentario de origen silvestre, con una interesante composi-
ción nutricional y elevada actividad antioxidante (1). En la Península Ibérica se han consumido frescos o en mermeladas, y se han
empleado en la elaboración de licores caseros (2).
Objetivos: Estimar la capacidad productiva del madroño, con el fin de conocer la disponibilidad de sus frutos en madroñales
naturales, así como la variabilidad geográfica y anual de su producción.
Métodos: Se ha estimado la producción de frutos por árbol y por unidad de superficie en dos poblaciones silvestres españolas
durante dos años consecutivos. En cada población se han muestreado 25 ejemplares de la especie y se han realizado transectos
de 50 x 10 m.
Resultados y conclusiones: La producción media de frutos ha sido de 4,39 ± 0,63 kg/árbol. Se han detectado diferencias signifi-
cativas entre años y/o localidades en el peso del fruto y el número de frutos por árbol, correlacionadas con las condiciones meteo-
rológicas anuales, en concreto con el régimen pluviométrico. La producción por hectárea ha sido muy variable como consecuencia
de las diferencias de densidad de la especie en cada localidad (7 ± 3 y 206 ± 32 individuos/ha) y el diámetro medio del tronco (24,18
± 2,63 y 7,52 ± 0,45 cm, respectivamente).
Palabras clave: Madroño, frutos silvestres, producción, Etnobotánica aplicada.
Agradecimientos: Proyecto cofinanciado por FEDER y Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2006-09546/BOS).
Referencias: 1. Barros, L. et al. (2010) Food Chem. 120:247-254. 2. Tardío, J. et al. (2006) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 152:27-72.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 49
E1-O13 Ethnobotany and Scientific Culture - The Beja Botanical Museum (Portugal)
L. Mendonça de Carvalho, F. Fernandes
Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Museu Botânico, Campus IPB, Rua Pedro Soares, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
Enquadramento: The Beja Botanical Museum opened in 2002 and it is the only Portuguese museum devoted to study the relations
developed between Plants and People.
Objectivos: The Botanical Museum main objectives are: record, preserve and study information related with the cultural uses of
plants. Although its main focus is the Portuguese economic botany and Ethnobotany, it also has hundreds of items, and related
information, from many other countries.
Métodos: The Museum has a collection of circa 2.000 items divided in three sub-collections: 1) Raw Material, 2) Man Made
Objects and 3) Natural Objects. These objects are used to create temporary displays held in the Botanical Museum and in other
Portuguese cultural/scientific institutions.
Resultados e conclusões: The museum is increasing the number and diversity of items and information housed in its collections
and will soon create a new virtual museum online.
Palavras-chave: Botanical Museum, Ethnobotany, Beja, Scientific Culture.
E1-O15 Atividade cicatrizante do óleo essencial de Hyptis lophanta Mart. ex Benth (Lamiaceae)
C. Takayama a, A. Luiz-Ferreira a, F.M. de-Faria b, A.R.M. Souza-Brito a
a
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Depto. de Anatomia, Biologia Celular e Fisiologia e Biofísica, Código postal 6109, Campinas-SP,
Brasil. b Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Depto. de Farmacologia, Código postal 6111, Campinas-SP, Brasil.
Enquadramento: Cerca de 10% da população mundial sofre de úlcera gástrica, a qual está relacionada a fatores como estresse,
uso de DAINE, tabagismo, consumo de álcool e infecção por H. pylori. Não há ainda uma droga que produza 100% de remissão
dessa doença. O óleo essencial de Hyptis lophanta é utilizado para tratar dores musculares, pancadas e problemas digestivos.
Objectivos: Estudar o potencial cicatrizante do óleo essencial de Hyptis lophanta (OEH).
Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos machos Unib:WH (150-250g; n=7), provenientes do Centro de Bioterismo da Unicamp (CEMIB).
Para avaliar a atividade cicatrizante do OEH (100 mg/Kg, dose mais eficaz avaliada no modelo de úlcera inducida por etanol
absoluto), foi utilizado o modelo de indução de úlcera por ácido acético (1). Análises de Western Blotting foram realizadas para
quantificar a expressão de COX-2 e EGF. Os resultados foram expressos como média ± e.p.m, ANOVA seguida de teste t de Dunnet.
Resultados e conclusões: OEH apresentou atividade cicatrizante, evidenciado pela redução significativa da área de lesão ul-
cerativa (87,49%) e aumento da expressão de fatores que promovem a cicatrização na mucosa gástrica como o EGF (115,57%) e
COX-2 (75%) enzima cuja expressão é regulada por fatores de crescimento como o próprio EGF e também está relacionada com a
proliferação celular no tecido epitelial, bem como proteção da mucosa gástrica.
Palavras-chave: Óleo essencial, Hyptis lophanta, atividade cicatrizante.
Referência: Okabe S, Amagase K. Biol. Pharm. Bull 2005; 28: 1321-1341.
E1-O16 Los animales en la medicina popular de España ¿Qué interés? ¿Qué futuro?
E. Motte-Florac
Univ. Montpellier 1 et Praxiling (CNRS et Univ. Montpellier 3), Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue Charles Fla-
hault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5 – France
Antecedentes: En varios trabajos anteriores (1), hemos subrayado que desde la Antigüedad, numerosos productos animales han
sido utilizados con fines terapéuticos en la cuenca del mar Mediterráneo. En las farmacopeas cultas su utilización decayó durante
la Edad Media, luego se puso de moda desde el siglo XVI hasta el XVIII, antes de desaparecer en el XX. En la medicina popular de
España, el recurso a los animales ha proseguido aunque el número de especies involucradas se haya reducido considerablemente.
Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo es explorar el interés de las drogas animales tratando a) de conocer mejor las especies cuya utili-
zación en medicina popular ha resistido a los cambios en el medio ambiente y en los comportamientos, a los trastornos sociales
y económicos, etc., b) a identificar mejor los factores que han podido intervenir en su permanencia: eficacia biológica, valores
simbólicos, facilidad de acceso, etc.
Métodos: 1) El inventario de las drogas animales utilizadas en España ha sido establecido a partir de los trabajos publicados sobre
la medicina popular. 2) Cuadros comparativos entre esas drogas animales y las que se encuentran en las farmacopeas cultas y ofi-
ciales de los siglos XVII y XVIII, han podido ser realizados gracias a los resultados de investigaciones efectuadas desde hace varios
años acerca de las farmacopeas cultas y oficiales en el Mediterráneo. 3) Los resultados de estos cuadros han sido confrontados
con datos científicos (químicos y farmacológicos) que se encuentran en los grandes bancos de datos internacionales.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados hacen aparecer una excelente apreciación de las posibilidades que ofrece el mundo
animal (hormonas y substancias muy diversas) para curar un gran número de enfermedades. Varios factores como la desaparición
del mundo rural, los cambios de las mentalidades frente a la enfermedad y a la muerte, etc., han debilitado desgraciadamente
el interés hacia esos productos. Los que permanecieron representan posibilidades terapéuticas científicamente comprobadas.
Palabras clave: Farmacopea, animales, medicina popular.
Referencias: Motte-Florac E, 2004.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 51
E1-O17 Montia fontana L., un interesante recurso silvestre del Oeste de la Península Ibérica
J. Tardío a, M. Molina a, L. Aceituno a,c R. Morales b, M. Pardo de Santayana c, P. Morales d, P. García e, V. Fernández e, M.C. Sánchez-Mata e
a
IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España. b Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC. Plaza de Murillo 2,
28014, Madrid, España. c Dpto. de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, España. d Dpto.
Ciencias de la Salud. Valencian International University (VIU). e Dpto. Nutrición y Bromatología II. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pl.
Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, España
Antecedentes: Con numerosas denominaciones populares, Montia fontana es una de las verduras silvestres cuyo consumo en
ensalada se encuentra más ampliamente extendido en el oeste peninsular, especialmente en España (1).
Objetivos: Evaluar tanto la capacidad productiva de esta especie en sus poblaciones naturales como su valor nutricional en dos
localidades del centro peninsular.
Métodos: Se ha estimado la producción por unidad de superficie en los arroyos de cada zona durante dos años consecutivos. Se
ha muestreado la biomasa aprovechable en 20 cuadros de 20x20 cm. Para estimar la abundancia se han realizado transectos de
10x1 m. Asimismo, se tomaron muestras para el análisis de composición centesimal, minerales y vitamina C.
Resultados y conclusiones: Aunque aparecieron diferencias significativas entre localidades, se alcanzó un valor medio de
producción de 2,64 ± 0,13 kg/m2 de superficie ocupada por la especie, equivalente a una producción media final de 0,2 ± 0,02 kg/
m2 en las áreas de arroyo muestreadas. Respecto a su valor nutritivo, cabe resaltar su alto contenido de vitamina C (34,33 ± 9,25
mg/100 g), de gran interés dado su consumo en fresco. Asimismo, destacó el aporte de fibra alimentaria (4,46 ± 0,57 g/100 g) y
de Mn entre los microelementos de la fracción mineral. Se trata sin duda de una especie de gran interés nutricional y su inclusión
en la dieta podría potenciarse.
Palabras clave: verduras silvestres, producción, composición nutricional, Etnobotánica aplicada.
Agradecimientos: Proyecto cofinanciado por FEDER y Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2006-09546/BOS).
Referencias: 1. Tardío, J. et al. (2006) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 152:27-72
E1-O18 Usos tradicionales de las plantas en la provincia de Salamanca. Una aproximación al estudio de
las relaciones de las plantas y los pueblos de Salamanca
E. Blanco, J. Criado, J.M. Velasco
emiliobc@teleline.es
Antecedentes: La provincia de Salamanca se caracteriza por su rico Patrimonio etnográfico y antropológico como se demuestra
en el trabajo de Granzow de la Cerda y colaboradores, de 1993, que nos ha servido como base y de referencia. Con el apoyo de la
Diputación de Salamanca (IDE, Instituto de las Identidades), ha sido realizado un estudio etnobotánico global de esta interesante
provincia occidental ibérica (C. A. de Castilla y León).
Objetivos: Recoger sistemáticamente el patrimonio etnobotánico de la provincia de Salamanca y divulgarlo entre el público en
general.
Métodos: Se ha trabajado por todo el territorio provincial, dividiéndonos el espacio geográfico entre los autores y coordinadores
del trabajo, que son 8 en total. La base de la información recopilada ha sido el trabajo de campo, con múltiples entrevistas rea-
lizadas. Un total de más de 200 informantes han colaborado de alguna manera en este trabajo, aunque también se han revisado
gran número de documentos antiguos en bibliotecas y archivos, realizándose además un listado de recursos, museos y fuentes
documentales existentes en la provincia, relativas al ámbito etnobotánico.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han realizado más de 6.000 registros de usos sobre un total de 542 taxones identificados, ya
sea a nivel de especie o subespecie, de los cuales 400 corresponden a vegetales silvestres y 142 a los cultivados. También se han
recopilado más de 1.500 nombres vulgares de vegetales que crecen o se usan en toda la provincia de Salamanca, correspondiendo
635 de ellos a novedades en el contexto nacional, es decir que se trata de nombres vernáculos no registrados hasta ahora en la
literatura etnobotánica. Con estos datos, se ha elaborado una publicación estructurada en diversos capítulos, según los grandes
temas etnobotánicos ibéricos antropocéntricos. El grueso del texto versa sobre los usos tradicionales que de las plantas alimenti-
cias, medicinales y tóxicas, plantas de uso tecnológico y artesanal, plantas utilizadas como combustibles y para obtener diversos
productos y plantas de la cultura no material.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, fitonimia, Salamanca.
52 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-O20 Phenolic acids profile and antioxidant properties of wild edible mushrooms from North-eastern
Portugal
L. Barros a,b, M.J. Sousa a, A. Martins a, C. Santos-Buelga b, I.C.F.R. Ferreira a
a
CIMO, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. b GIP-USAL, Facultad de
Farmacia, Univ. Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. joaos@ipb.pt
Background: In recent years oxidative stress, induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the etiology and
progression of several chronic diseases. Antioxidants that can mitigate the damaging effects of ROS have been the focus of recent
research (1). In this perspective, including mushrooms, which contain significant amounts of antioxidants, in our diet may provide
desirable health benefits, beyond basic nutrition.
Objectives: To describe the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of four wild edible mushrooms (Armillaria mellea, Calocybe
gambosa, Clitocybe odora and Coprinus comatus).
Methods: Phenolic compounds were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC-DAD (2).Antioxidant activity was accessed by four in vitro
chemical and biochemical assays using animal cells.
Results and conclusions: Up to three phenolic acids (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids) and a related com-
pound (cinnamic acid) could be detected and quantified. C. comatus showed the highest concentration of phenolic acids (80.33 mg/
Kg, dry weight), and the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 < 2.60 mg/mL). The studied properties suggest mushrooms as suitable
natural healthy products to be included in our diet. This study is included in a broader project intending to valorise the traditional
native mycological flora of North-Eastern Portugal, of great interest for the economical development of this region.
Keywords: Wild mushrooms; Phenolic compounds; Antioxidant activity.
References: 1. Halliwell, B. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 1996, 16: 33-50. 2. Barros, L. et al. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47:1076–1079. 3. Heleno, S.
et al., Food Chem. 2010, 119: 1443–1450.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 53
E1-P05 Variación estacional en los niveles de compuestos fenólicos totales y flavonoides en plantas gip-
sícolas
O. Mayoral a, M. Boscaiu b, J.V. Llinares a, P. Donat, P. Calatayud, I. Bautista c, A. Lidón c, C. Lull c, O. Vicente d
a
Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integral de les zones Costaneres (IGIC); b Institut Agroforestal del Mediterrani (IAM); c RE-FOREST,
Dpto. de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente; d Institut de Biologia Molecular i Cel·lular de Plantes (IBMCP). Universitat Politècnica de
València, Camí de Vera S/N, 46022 – València (Spain).
Antecedentes: Los compuestos fenólicos son un grupo numeroso y heterogéneo de metabolitos secundarios con múltiples fun-
ciones en las plantas, cuya composición y concentración es muy variable entre especies y en respuesta al ambiente. De especial
interés en Farmacología por su actividad antioxidante son los flavonoides. Los suelos yesíferos representan un medio estresante
para las plantas debido a la toxicidad de las sales y a la formación de costras duras que interfieren con el establecimiento de las
plantas. El período estival impone niveles muy elevados de sequedad, provocando un estrés hídrico adicional.
Objetivos: Analizar la variación en los niveles de compuestos fenólicos totales y de flavonoides en relación con las condiciones de
estrés ambiental, dado que una de las respuestas generales al estrés abiótico se basa en la activación de sistemas antioxidantes.
Métodos: Se han estudiado cuatro especies, dos gipsófitos típicos: Gypsophila struthium subsp. hispanica y Ononis tridentata y
dos accidentales: Rosmarinus officinalis y Cistus clusii. En distintas épocas del año se recolectó material vegetal de las sumidades
aéreas de estas especies en tres parcelas situados en una pendiente, siguiendo un gradiente decreciente de xericidad. Para la
medida de compuestos fenólicos totales y flavonoides se siguieron los procedimientos estándar.
Resultados y conclusiones: Todas las especies muestran una disminución de flavonoides en otoño respecto al verano a excep-
ción de O. tridentata. El descenso más pronunciado se ha observado en R. officinalis, de forma más marcada en la parcela más
xérica. El estrés hídrico se apunta por tanto como uno de los factores determinantes en el aumento de los fenoles, más importante
que el estrés impuesto por los yesos del sustrato.
Palabras clave: Antioxidante, composición química foliar, estrés abiótico, fenoles, gipsófitos.
Agradecimientos: Financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (proyecto CGL2008-00438/BOS), con contribución de fondos FEDER
de la UE.
56 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-P06 Medicinal and food uses of Euphorbia's in three regions of the Basque Country
R. Alarcon, C. Priestley, M. Heinrich
The School of Pharmacy, GlaxoSmithKline. rocio.alarcon@pharmacy.ac.uk. Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of
Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
Background: In three geographical areas of the Basque Country (Spain), non-cultivated Euphorbia species are used people both
as food and medicines.
Objectives: The main goal of this study is a critical assessment of the biocultural role of the genus Euphorbia, of which there are
five local species.
Methods: Information was collected using semi-structured and structured ethnobotanical interviews. SPSS was used to analyze
the data.
Results and conclusions: Out of 255 plant species used, 5 species correspond to the genus Euphorbia: E. peplis L., E. peplus L., E.
serrata L., E. villosa Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., and E. sp. The local name for all of them is "Lechetreznas". Overall the uses are divided
into two main categories Edible and Medicinal/Functional. With respect to the use reports (total: 6572), 0.8% corresponded to uses
of the genus for medicinal/functional purposes and 0.3% to edible examples of medicinal uses include: All "Lechetreznas" are used
for clearing the skin from moles, warts and other skin infections, and are considered to have anti-bacterial and anti-viral proper-
ties (Local information). Examples of food uses include: In the past people used the latex of Euphorbia ssp. especially Euphorbia
peplus to prepare cheese. One of the main local uses is for skin complaints and, demonstrating the value of local knowledge to
indicate medicinal properties of potential commercial value, The Euphorbiaceae is an example of a family for which the use report
shows a relatively low frequency of use; however there are both food and medicinal uses. Probably the reasons why use is low
is since modern techniques are available such as removal of moles using surgery or creams. On the other hand, Euphorbia peplus
is currently developed for the treatment of skin cancer. Ogbourne et al. (2007). The Lechetreznas are a plant complex where the
individual species have similar uses (Linares et al. 1987). The Basque bio-cultural diversity allows switching from one species to
another according to availability, people’s needs, and local traditions.
Keywords: Euphorbia, medicinal plants, Lechetreznas. food, medicines
E1-P08 Plantas tóxicas utilizadas tradicionalmente como insecticidas y repelente de insectos en Las Arri-
bes del Duero (centro-oeste de España)
J.A. González, M. García-Barriuso, F. Amich
Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E-37071, Salamanca, España.
Grupo participante en la "Red Iberoamericana de Saberes y Prácticas Locales sobre el Entorno Vegetal" (RISAPRET, CYTED).
Antecedentes: Algunas plantas, debido a su toxicidad u olor desagradable, han sido empleadas tradicionalmente como insec-
ticidas o repelente de insectos por los habitantes de Las Arribes del Duero (Salamanca-Zamora), una comarca fronteriza con
Portugal caracterizada por una fuerte regresión demográfica y una población apoyada en una economía de subsistencia centrada
principalmente en la ganadería
Objetivos: Recopilar el uso de diferentes plantas como remedio para el tratamiento de ectoparásitos de los animales domésticos
y como elementos de protección de los cultivos agrícolas y de los alimentos almacenados y ropas
Métodos: La información ha sido obtenida mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con 80 personas (44 hombres y 36 mujeres,
rango de edad = 45-98 años, media = 72 años)
Resultados y conclusiones: A modo de ejemplo, el torvisco se emplea para combatir el piojo de la gallina o contra las pulgas,
colgando una ramita en el gallinero o pulverizando el establo con el agua en la que previamente se ha sumergido la raíz. Asimismo,
se combina con jara, que actúa como "atrapapiojos" al quedarse éstos atrapados en sus hojas pegajosas. También se colocaban
unas ramas de jara en el melonar para atraer a la "melera" (un pulgón). Hojas de laurel se metían entre los garbanzos y alubias
para evitar la proliferación de gorgojos. Y, aún hoy en día, es muy común el uso como "antipolilla" de unas ramitas secas de lavanda
metidas en un saco de tela entre la ropa
Palabras clave: Plantas tóxicas, insecticidas, repelentes, Arribes del Duero, España.
E1-P10 Uso de plantas medicinales en la farmacia comunitaria en la zona norte de Cáceres (España)
M.T. Sáenz, A.M. Quilez, M.D. García
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. C/ Profesor García González nº 2, 41012 Sevilla (España)
Antecedentes: En nuestro país se está produciendo un aumento significativo del uso de "remedios alternativos" que proceden
de los antiguos remedios tradicionales ahora reavivados o bien de nuevas prácticas curativas o remedios exóticos introducidos
recientemente
Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de las plantas medicinales utilizadas en medicina popular en
la zona norte de la provincia de Cáceres
Métodos: Se ha realizado una encuesta a 176 personas con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 87 años, de ambos sexos (112♀ y
64♂) y diferente nivel social.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los rangos de edad son: 14-40 años: 53 (30.11%); 41-60 años: 72 (40.90%); + de 60: 51 (28.98%).
Consumen productos naturales con fines terapéuticos: 58%, de los cuales el 19% emplea plantas medicinales, el 27% preparados
fitoterapéuticos y el 20% ambas formas.
Principalmente se utilizan en patologías digestivas (67%), tratamientos adelgazantes (24%), trastornos circulatorios (7%) y otras
patologías (2%). En el 84% de los casos no lo prescribe el médico, pero se lo recomiendan amigos, familiares, ellos mismos, e
incluso se informan a través de los medios de comunicación. En el 85% de los casos se les resuelve bien el problema.
Muchos de ellos lo toman conjuntamente con otras especialidades farmacéuticas
Un 32% toman estos remedios habitualmente, y en muchos casos incluso llevan varios años sin notar ningún efecto adverso (solo
un 4%).
Mayoritariamente adquieren estos productos en centros comerciales.
Palabras clave: Plantas medicinales, Cáceres, Etnofarmacología.
E1-P11 Revalorización del consumo de plantas comestibles silvestres de la provincia de Alicante (España)
C. Obón, A. Romojaro, M.T. Pretel
Depto. Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela (Alicante). Spain
Antecedentes: El conocimiento del consumo tradicional de las plantas comestibles silvestres y su apreciación por el consumidor
actual podría suponer una proyección a medio plazo sobre el sistema productivo del medio rural ya que se podrían abrir nuevos
campos de desarrollo a base de recursos naturales de la zona y dar lugar a nuevas fuentes de explotación racional.
Objetivos: Realizar una revisión sobre el uso alimentario de diversas especies de plantas comestibles silvestres de la provincia
de Alicante y las formas tradicionales de preparación, así como analizar en el laboratorio algunas características organolépticas
(sabores, aromas y texturas) que puedan ser apreciadas por el consumidor actual.
Métodos: Se hace una revisión de la bibliografía disponible de la provincia de Alicante así como de la investigación llevada a
cabo por nuestro equipo sobre el consumo tradicional de plantas silvestres. El análisis sensorial de las plantas lo realizó un grupo
de diez catadores entrenados.
Resultados y conclusiones: Todas las acelgas se consumen cocidas acompañadas con otras verduras (bullit). El uso del espá-
rrago y el hinojo está muy difundido tanto en la Comunidad Valenciana como fuera de ella. El raïmet de pastor (en salmuera), la
llengua d´ovella y todas las especies estudiadas pertenecientes a la familia Asteráceas se consumen en ensalada. La mayoría de
las plantas tienen sabores, aromas y texturas aceptables, excepto el raïmet de pastor cocido, aunque cuando se preparó en sal-
muera fue bien valorado por los catadores, reconociendo así su gran popularidad en la provincia de Alicante. Nuestros resultados
muestran que la revalorización de plantas comestibles silvestres es posible y se podría favorecer la permanencia y fomentar el
cultivo de muchas de ellas, lo que aumentaría la diversidad de nuestra dieta.
Palabras clave: Plantas comestibles silvestres, provincia de Alicante.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 59
E1-P15 Management and sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants as a contribution to the valori-
sation of the rural areas – an ethnobotanical approach
E. Bettencourt a, S. Dias b, F. Rocha c, V.R. Lopes c, A.M. Barata c, A.M. Carvalho d
a
Genetic Resources, Ecophysiology and Plant Bredding Unit, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505
Oeiras, Portugal. b Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, 00057 Rome, Italy. c Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal/Insti-
tuto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, I.P., Quinta S. José, S. Pedro de Merelim, 4700-859 Braga, Portugal. d CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária,
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. anacarv@ipb.pt
Background: Since the antiquity plants have been used by Man for food, condiment as well as for their therapeutic properties. At
present, it is estimated that 70% of the drugs used in modern medicine are of plant origin.
Objectives: The study aims to collect, conserve and characterise the genetic diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) and
to document cultural heritage and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) related with their use.
Methods: The study was implemented through an ethnobotanical approach, which recorded plant-use and TEK, and the system-
atic collecting, conservation, characterisation and documentation of plant germplasm.
Results and conclusions: A total of 1107 people were interviewed resulting in 1386 ethnobotanical questionnaires, covering
vast and diverse regions of Portugal. Standards for morphological characterisation were developed for those species for which
internationally proposed standards did not exist. A total of 213 samples, representing nine Genera, were collected, conserved,
characterised and documented in the Portuguese Gene Bank.
Keywords: MAP, Ethnobotany, Traditional knowledge, Germplasm characterisation and conservation.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 61
E1-P17 Aplicaciones etnofarmacológicas de la ortiga (Urtica dioica L.) en la provincia de La Coruña (Ga-
licia, España)
J.A. Latorre Catalá
Departamento de Botánica de la Facultad de Farmacia de Valencia.
Antecedentes: No existen estudios etnofarmacológicos de esta planta en esta provincia, aunque si hay referencias bibliográficas
de su uso. La Urtica dioica L. está considerada como planta medicinal según la Farmacopea Española 3ª Edición.
Objetivos: Recopilar los usos tradicionales de la Urtica dioica L., establecer la acción farmacológica y contrastarla con los usos
científicos documentados.
Métodos: Entrevistas a 240 informantes previamente seleccionados. Identificación botánica de las muestras vegetales recogidas
y posterior tratamiento informático de los datos obtenidos. Contrastación bibliográfica de los resultados.
Resultados y conclusiones: Un 50% de los 240 informantes del estudio la utiliza o la ha utilizado, encontrando un total de 137
referencias de uso (incluidos usos veterinarios y alimentarios) en 56 ayuntamientos distintos. Ubicados en 17 de las 18 comarcas
de la provincia de La Coruña. La mayoría de los usos etnofarmacológicos citados por los informantes, p.ej: para bajar la tensión,
para las anemias, para orinar, para la úlcera de estomago, para los sabañones, para la hinchazón de piernas, para los hemorroides,
como depurativa, para la caspa y el crecimiento del cabello, han podido relacionarse con acciones farmacológicas contrastadas:
acción diurética, antianémica, cicatrizante, rubefaciente, activadora de circulación, antiinflamatoria, depurativa, remineralizante,
antiseborreica, estimulante del crecimiento capilar.
Palabras clave: Ortiga, Urtica dioica L., Etnofarmacología, plantas medicinales, La Coruña
Agradecimientos: A los Dres. G. Stübing y J.B. Peris, del Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia de Valencia.
62 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-P19 Usos tradicionales y recientes de la palmera datilera y especies próximas (Phoenix, Arecaceae)
en el SE de España
D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, A. Alonso b, F. Alcaraz a, E. Laguna c
a
Universidad de Murcia, drivera@um.es. b Universidad Miguel Hernández. c Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Agua, Urbanismo y Vivienda.
Centro para la Investigación y Experimentación Forestal.
Antecedentes: La palmera datilera ha sido un recurso básico en el SE de España. La existencia de palmeras junto a las casas,
huertos de palmeras, o palmerales históricos, como los de Orihuela, Elche o Alicante se debe a la actividad de campesinos y de
los palmereros.
Objetivos: Conocer los usos y el manejo tradicional de la palmera en el SE de España.
Métodos: Trabajo de campo con entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a personas seleccionadas por sus conocimientos sobre
las palmeras en sus ambientes de trabajo (huertos, tiendas de dátiles en Elche, puestos en mercados al aire libre. Revisión de la
bibliografía existente.
Resultados y conclusiones: Todas las partes de la palmera datilera son utilizadas y los usos para los que se emplean son muy
diversos. Las categorías de uso detectadas son: Comestibles, Ceremoniales, Religiosos, Lúdicos, Combustible, Construcción, Medi-
cinales, Forrajera, Jardinería (Ornamental), Licorería, Artesanía, Apicultura, Textil, Cestería, Escobas. Sobre esta base se desarrolló
en el Siglo 20 un activo negocio de producción de palmeras ornamentales en viveros y campos, implicando el cultivo de más de 10
especies diferentes de Phoenix y de sus híbridos.
Palabras clave: Palmera, Etnobotánica, medicina popular.
Agradecimientos: Proyecto INIA RF2007-00010-C03
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 63
E1-P23 Efeito da uva (Vitis vinifera) sobre a expressão do NF-kB na colite experimental
A. Luiz-Ferreira, A.a, R.J. Dunder b, A.C.A. Almeida a, E.A.R. Socca a, F.M. de Faria a, C. Takayama a, A.R.M. Souza-Brito a
a
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento Anatomia, Biologia Celular e Fisiologia e Biofísica, CP. 6109, Campinas, Brasil.
b
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Farmacologia, CP. 6111, Campinas, Brasil.
Doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) é caracterizada pela inflamação crônica do intestino que compreende duas condições: a re-
tocolite ulcerativa (RCU) e a doença de Crohn (DC). O sistema imune da mucosa intestinal tem um papel central na patogênese
da DII. Em ambas, RCU e DC, o equilíbrio imunológico é severamente prejudicado, aumentando a expressão de mediadores pró-
inflamatórios. O fator de transcrição nuclear kappa B (NF-kB) é um regulador-chave neste equilíbrio e está marcadamente aumen-
tado na DII. Considerando sua capacidade de promover a expressão de vários genes pró-inflamatórios, ele influencia fortemente o
curso da inflamação da mucosa. Não existe um tratamento adequado e seguro para as DII, assim é interessante estudar agentes
que preferencialmente façam parte da dieta, no tratamento da mesma. Este trabalho avaliou a atividade anti-inflamatória da Uva
sobre a mucosa intestinal de animais com colite experimental. Para isso avaliou a ação da Uva sobre a expressão do NF-kB no mo-
delo de colite experimental induzida pelo ácido trinitrobenzeno sulfônico (TNBS) em ratos machos Unib: WH (180-250 g) divididos
nos seguintes grupos: Salina, TNBS e Uva (0,5 g.kg-1). A colite foi induzida através da administração intra-retal do TNBS (10 mg)
diluído em etanol 50% (v/v). Os animais (n=8) foram pré-tratados durante 15 dias com Uva e, no 16º dia, receberam uma injeção
intra-retal de TNBS. Após a indução da colite os animais foram tratados durante 7 dias e, após este período, foram sacrificados
e tiveram seus intestinos retirados e processados para análise por Western Blotting. Os resultados foram expressos pela média
± e.p.m, análise de uma via (ANOVA) seguido pelo teste de Tukey. O grupo TNBS apresentou alta expressão do NF-kB; por outro
lado, o grupo Uva foi capaz de reduzir de maneira estaticamente significativa a expressão do mesmo quando comparado ao grupo
TNBS. O resultado indica uma atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal da Uva relacionada com a diminuição da expressão do NF-kB.
Palavras-chave: Doença Inflamatória Intestinal, Vitis vinifera.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 65
E1-P26 Toxic plants used as medicines in the region of Terra Chá (Northwest Iberian Peninsula)
J. Anllo Naveiras, S. Ortíz Nuñez
Laboratorio de Botánica. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus Sur. Santiago de Compostela. España.
Background: Given the high overlap between allopathic and traditional medicine in Terra Cha, we question the weaknesses of
therapy of oral transmission.
Objectives: Incidence of toxic plants among plants popularly used for medicinal purposes in this region.
Methods: We discuss the potential toxicity of the species studied, the incidence in different body systems and pediatric applica-
tions.
Results and conclusions: The proportion of toxic plants popularly used for medicinal purposes is low but enough to make empiri-
cal studies necessary to supplement experiment.
Keywords: Toxicity, plants of restricted use, Ethnopharmacology, Ethnobotany, pediatrics, traditionally used plants, Terra Chá, Northwest
Iberian Peninsula.
E1-P29 Aspectos da Cadeia Produtiva de Butiá (Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., Arecaceae) nos municípios
de Imbituba e Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
L.K. Antunes Sampaio a, b, P. Goulart a, N. Hanazaki a
a
Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e Etnobotânica, b Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, UFSC, Brasil. leokasampaio@yahoo.com
O Butiá, Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., é uma Arecaceae abundante no litoral centro-sul do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. É
utilizado tradicionalmente curtido em cachaça e nos últimos anos tem tido sua polpa aproveitada em picolés e sorvetes. O obje-
tivo deste trabalho é descrever aspectos da cadeia produtiva e o processo de extrativismo do Butiá em dois municípios do sul do
Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo etnobotânico com os agricultores/pescadores artesanais e extratores de Imbituba através de 39
entrevistas semi-estruturadas sobre o conhecimento local e aspectos da cadeia produtiva. O butiá é coletado diariamente durante
a temporada (dezembro a março), é higienizado, empacotado e comercializado diretamente nas fabricas de sorvete de Imbituba
ou armazenado em freezer para comercialização no município vizinho; o mercado do butiá alcança até o município de Florianópolis
(a cerca de 80 km). As fábricas de sorvete de Florianópolis compram principalmente de uma agricultora local e apenas uma que
adquire de um coletor externo. Nas sorveterias o rendimento médio do kg de polpa é de 3,6 kg (± 0,822 kg) de produto, gerando em
média US$ 8,42 (± US$ 2,14) para cada US$1,00 investido. Para o coletor de butiá, o esforço de 2 horas diárias rende pelo menos
US$11,25 por dia, o que é mais do que o ganho em outras atividades. O butiá apresenta um grande potencial de complemento
de renda para as comunidades extratoras locais, podendo-se estimular formas de organização local, como o cooperativismo e o
cultivo de butiá de modo a manter essa prática com sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e social para as comunidades locais.
Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, extrativismo, desenvolvimento local
Agradecimentos: CAPES, CNPq, FAPESC, agricutores, extratores e fábricas de sorvete.
68 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E1-P30 Etnoflora de los macerados hidroalcohólicos en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares: frutos vs.
hierbas medicinales.
S. Ríos a, V. Martínez-Francés a, D. Rivera b
a
Estación Biológica Torretes-Font Roja, I.U. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, España. b Dep. Biología Vegeteal. Fac. de
Biología. Universidad de Murcia. E-30100. Murcia España.
Antecedentes: Aunque la consideración actual de estos preparados quede relegado mayormente a meros "digestivos", en su ori-
gen, el uso de estas plantas y/o frutos en macerados hidroalcohólicos tenían una finalidad medicinal mucho más clara y compleja (1).
Objetivos: Determinar las especies presentes en los macerados hidroalcohólicos ibéricos, así como sus usos y el origen en la
elaboración de dichos licores tradicionales.
Métodos: Se han realizado más de 500 entrevistas, individuales y/o colectivas, abiertas o semiestructuradas a informantes con
edades comprendidas entre 28 y 82 años, siendo aproximadamente el 70% de ellos varones.
Resultados y conclusiones: Dentro de los macerados, los vinos medicinales serían los más antiguos y su área de elaboración
abarca toda la Península y Baleares. Existe una clara separación geográfica entre macerados de frutas (y hierbas simples), frente
a las mezclas de hierbas altamente complejas. Una tradición muy arraigada en tisanas medicinales y la influencia de la Escuela de
Salerno a través del médico valenciano Arnau de Vilanova y del mallorquín Ramón Llull, pudo extender los macerados hidroalcohó-
licos por toda el área mediterránea iberolevantina y balear; lo que todavía perdura en las zonas montañosas y menos habitadas. Se
han reportado 190 especies utilizadas en los licores medicinales (25 frutos y 165 hierbas), principalmente de las familias botánicas
Labiadas, Rosáceas, Compuestas y Umbelíferas.
Palabras clave: Etnoflora, macerados hidroalcohólicos, medicina, Península Ibérica, Baleares.
Referencias: 1. Martínez-Francés, V, Ríos, S. in (Guillem, X. & Frasquet, G, (Eds.) Salut, alimentació i cultura al País Valencià. Gandí: CEIC
"Alfons el Magnànim"; 2009: 223-238.
E1-P31 Avaliação do monoterpeno β-mirceno nas úlceras gástrica e duodenal e seus mecanismos de
ação
F. Bonamin a, C.A.R.A. Costa b, L.R.M. da Rocha a, C.A. Hiruma-Lima a
a
Departamento de Fisiologia, IBB/UNESP-Botucatu/Brasil, b Departamento de Farmacologia, IBB/UNESP-Botucatu/Brasil.
Antecedentes: O β-mirceno é um monoterpeno proveniente de óleos essenciais de muitas plantas como o Citrus aurantium.
Objetivos: Determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica (gástrica e duodenal) e antioxidante do β-mirceno e também seus meca-
nismos de ação.
Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos foram utilizados (n=7; 150-200g) nos seguintes modelos: úlcera gástrica induzida por isquemia-
reperfusão (1); úlcera duodenal induzida por cisteamina (2). Os níveis de glutationa total e de mieloperoxidase foram mensurados. A
análise estatística considerou como nível de significância mínimo p<0,05.
Resultados e conclusões: A administração oral de 7,5 mg/Kg do monoterpeno diminuiu significantemente as lesões ulcerativas.
O β-mirceno protegeu a mucosa gástrica em 86% (7,34±2,71**) quando comparado ao controle negativo (37,85±3,35). O pré-
tratamento com o β-mirceno também foi capaz de inibir a lesão duodenal induzida por cisteamina em 80% (0,6±0,25**) na dose de
7,5 mg/Kg enquanto que o controle positivo - Lansoprazol protegeu em 67% (1±0,32**) a mucosa. A atividade antiulcerogência do
β-mirceno se deve a ativação de ambos os fatores; a manutenção de elevado nível de glutationa e baixo nível de mieloperoxidase.
Palavras-chave: Úlcera, β-mirceno, antioxidantes.
Agradecimentos: CAPES
Referências: 1. Ueda, S. et al. (1989). Role of free radicals and lipid peroxidation in gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia–reper-
fusion in rats. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 162, 55–58. 2. SZABO, S. (1987). Mechanisms of mucosal injury in the stomach and duodenum:
time-sequence analysis of morphologic, functional, biochemical and histochemical studies. Scand. J. Gastroenterology. 22(127): 21-28.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 69
E2-O04 La explotación de los recursos vegetales en el entorno de Irún (Guipúzcoa) en época medieval:
una aproximación desde la Arqueobotánica
L. Peña-Chocarro, M. Ruiz Alonso
Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC, Albasanz 26-28, 28037 Madrid, España
Antecedentes: La excelente conservación de los materiales orgánicos en condiciones anaeróbicas de los yacimientos que se
presentan en esta comunicación, ha permitido el estudio de un conjunto de materiales orgánicos (semillas y frutos) que rara vez se
documentan en contextos arqueológicos medievales.
Objetivos: Se pretende demostrar la importancia de los estudios arqueobotánicos en momentos históricos así como la importante
información recabada del estudio de estos materiales.
Métodos: Se analizan semillas y frutos conservados en condiciones anaeróbicas de varios yacimientos medievales, y se interpre-
tan los resultados en el contexto de la explotación de los recursos vegetales en época medieval.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se han identificado numerosas especies entre las que destacan frutales (cerezos, guindos, meloco-
toneros, ciruelos, nísperos, vid, nogales, castaños, etc), así como se documenta la explotación de numerosos recursos vegetales
silvestres (endrinas, bellotas, avellanas, piñones, etc). Los datos aportados por este estudio, indican el desarrollo de una impor-
tante arboricultura, así como probablemente la gestión del medio por parte de las comunidades del entorno de Irún, y el desarrollo
de importantes intercambios comerciales.
Palabras clave: Arqueobotánica, Carpología, medieval.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 71
E3-O01 Fitonimia y Etimología. La hierba de Santiago, Senecio jacobaea L., en textos botánicos árabes
andalusíes.
J. Bustamante Costa
Universidad de Cádiz. Estudios Árabes e Islámicos. joaquin.bustamante@uca.es
Antecedentes: El fitónimo andalusí t ਼ rā šnah, que Ibn al-Bayt ਼ār citaba tomándolo de al-Ġ āfiqī, no había sido aún identificado desde
la traducción francesa del Ğ āmiˁ por Leclerc en 1877.
Objetivos: Estudio diacrónico y sincrónico del léxico fitonímico del árabe andalusí.
Métodos: Cotejo de los textos del Ğ āmiˁ de Ibn al-Bayt਼ ār con los de la ˁUmdat at਼ -t਼ abīb de Abū l-Ḫayr al-ˀIšbīlī, probable fuente
de al-Ġ āfiqī. Análisis de las descripciones botánicas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Identificación como Senecio jacobaea L., conexiones etimológicas.
Palabras clave: Botánica andalusí, Senecio jacobaea L., fitonimia árabe y romance, Ibn al-Bayt਼ ār, Abū l-Ḫayr al-ˀIšbīlī, al-Ġā fiqī.
E3-O06 El Renacimiento de las Ciencias Agrícolas en Europa a través de los autores toledanos ¿siglo XVI
o siglo XI?
J. E. Hernández Bermejo a E. García Sánchez.b, J.M. Carabaza Bravo c,
a
Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis. 2ª Planta. 14071, Córdoba, España: b Escuela de
Estudios Árabes (CSIC), Cuesta del Chapiz 22, 18010, Granada, España; C Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/nº, 18071, Granada,
España
Antecedentes: Los autores coordinan un equipo multidisciplinar integrado por arabistas, agrónomos y botánicos que investiga y
edita la Flora Agrícola y Forestal de Al-Ándalus
Objetivos: Valorar y reivindicar los conocimientos botánicos y agrícolas de la ciencia y autores andalusíes
Métodos: Estudio comparado de las fuentes clásicas y medievales, especialmente de los textos árabes redactados en Al-Ándalus.
Identificación científica de las especies citadas. Contraste y valoración de técnicas y conocimientos.
Resultados y conclusiones: El desarrollo de las ciencias, el complejo elenco de especies en cultivo y de conocimientos aso-
ciados y el grado de innovación e integración de otras culturas, abogan por la identificación de un Renacimiento de las Ciencias
Agrícolas y de la Naturaleza en el territorio ibérico entre los siglos X-XIV, mucho antes que en el resto de Europa.
Palabras clave: Al-Ándalus, Flora agrícola, Renacimiento, Ibn Bassal, Alonso de Herrera.
Referencias: Carabaza Bravo, J. Mª; García Sánchez, E.; Hernández Bermejo, J. E.; Jiménez Ramirez, A. Árboles y arbustos de Al-Ándalus.
Madrid: CSIC, 2004, 349 pp. Hernández-Bermejo, J. E. y García Sánchez, E. Economic Botany and Ethnobotany in Al-Ándalus (Iberian
Peninsula: Tenth-Fifteenth Centuries), an Unknow Heritage of Mankind. Economic Botany (1998) 52: 15-26. Hernández Bermejo J. E and
E. García-Sánchez. Tulips: an ornamental crop in the Andalusi Middle Ages. Economic Botany 2009 63(1) 60-66. Ibn Bassal, Kitab al-qasd
wa-l-bayan. Libro de agricultura, ed. y trans. J.Mª Millás Vallicrosa y M. Aziman. Tetuán, 1955 (estudio preliminar por E. García Sánchez y
J.E. Hernández Bermejo). Sevilla: Sierra Nevada 95, 1995.
74 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E3-P01 Plant Names: obstacles and solutions in accessing information about medicinal plants
R. Allkin
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB. UK
Background: Professionals working in health & pharmacovigilance or the herbal or pharmaceutical industries need to access
information about plants and to communicate accurately & effectively about them. Medicinal plants are known and used globally
and known by different names in different communities, generations & languages. Trade or pharmacopoeia names fail to establish
the identity of the species concerned and are thus used inconsistently, their meaning evolving and becoming ambiguous.
Issues: Scientific plant names are the only means to refer unambiguously and consistently to a given plant species. Complications
in their use however lead to their misuse and failures in communication. A high percentage of TCM literature, including legisla-
tion, is ambiguous or misleading. Causes for this confusion include: multiple names, name changes, multiple opinions and lack of
a central references.
Consequences: Inappropriate use of scientific names has direct practical impact. We will describe some examples of misuse and
illustrate the problems arising.
Existing botanical resources: Some resources exist which at least partially may help resolve plant nomenclatural confusions.
These will be described and the exact purpose and limitations of each described.
New information services are proposed to meet the needs of pharmacovigilance, health workers, pharmacologists and herbal
medicine. These will be described and an opportunity given to contribute ideas as to how these might most usefully be designed
to work.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, nomenclature, plant names, databases, information
E3-P02 Análisis de la diversidad etnobiológica a través del estudio de tres topografías médicas valencia-
nas
V. Martínez-Francés a, S. Ríos a, J. Bernabeu b, J. Juan a
a
Estación Biológica Torretes-Font Roja, I.U. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, España.
b
Dpto. de Enfermería comunitaria, medicina preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia. Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería,
Universidad de Alicante, 03690, España.
Antecedentes: Las topografías médicas son estudios locales, desarrollados en el contexto de la higiene ambientalista (s. XIX -
XX), que suelen aportar información biologica y ecológica y de naturaleza socio-sanitaria. Se hallan localizadas y/o editadas 120
topografías en las comunidades catalana (94), valenciana (21) y balear (5).
Objetivos: Identificar y determinar la etnoflora y etnofauna del área estudiada por las topografías y recuperar en su caso, los usos
y la nomenclatura popular olvidados.
Métodos: Inicialmente se revisaron los apartados de flora y fauna de cuatro topografías de la provincia de Valencia (Comunidad
Valenciana), -siendo una de ellas descartada por hacer referencias a otras publicaciones, sin realizar un inventario propio-, estu-
diándose finalmente las de: Rótova (1911) "RT", Ontinyent (1916) "ON" y Benetússer (1927) "BN".
Resultados y conclusiones: Aunque existen diferencias en la minuciosidad con la que realizan las diferentes topografías en las
descripciones de la flora y la fauna, el análisis de sus contenidos ratifica el interés etnográfico que ofrecen este tipo de fuentes.
Además del nombre científico y común de las especies descritas, se aportan las denominaciones y usos locales (medicinal, ali-
mentario, jardinería, cultivo, silvestre, doméstico, etc.) y el lugar dónde se encuentran (acequias, campos, monte, etc.). El número
de especies totales citadas RT:ON:BN son de 560:722:348, destacando RT por su elevado porcentaje en polinomios, un 12% tanto
para la flora como para la fauna, entre ellos el que hace referencia a Prunus spinosa "Panets de la Mare de Déu". En ON, un elevado
porcentaje de especies aparece sin nombre popular (24%), debido al exhaustivo listado de protozoos, algas, hongos inferiores,
bacterias y cianofíceas.
Palabras clave: Topografías médicas, Etnobiología, etnoflora, etnofauna, Comunidad Valenciana, España.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 75
E4-O01 Medicina tradicional na Guiné-Bissau: Plantas usadas por PMT da Região de Iemberém
E.T. Gomes a, M.A. Diniz b, E.S. Martins b, O. Silva a
a
iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal (etgomes@ff.ul.pt)
b
Herbário do Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 1300-142 Lisboa, Portugal
Enquadramento: A Guiné-Bissau é um dos países Africanos com menos recursos económicos, e com maior escassez de estruturas
na área dos serviços de saúde, recorrendo a maioria da população aos médicos tradicionais para tratar as enfermidades. Por sua
vez alguns desses Praticantes de Medicina Tradicional (PMT) utilizam preparações à base de plantas para curar os seus pacientes.
Objectivos: Caracterizar a vegetação predominante na Região de Iemberém na Mata do Cantanhez e verificar quais são as espé-
cies mais usadas pelos mais conceituados Praticantes de Medicina Tradicional (PMT) pertencentes a grupos étnicos diferentes que
vivem na região. Recolher material biológico com vista a estudos científicos; obter informação sobre os nomes locais das plantas
e detalhes do modo de preparação das receitas tradicionais usadas no tratamento de doenças infecciosas.
Métodos: Recolha de informação etnobotânica através de entrevistas directas, usando intérpretes conhecedores das línguas
locais e da língua Portuguesa e colheita dos materiais para herborização e para estudos laboratoriais, com os PMT. Pesquisa
bibliográfica após identificação botânica dos materiais herborizados e compilação de toda a informação.
Resultados e conclusões: Na comunicação apresentam-se as espécies citadas por cada um dos PMT entrevistados, que foram:
Adulai Camará e Ana Calé (mandinga) da tabanca Madina, Madjula (tanda) em Iemberém, Cabê Nacanca (balanta), da tabanca
Cadique Maila, Salifo Camará (nalu), da tabanca Farim, Saido Camará (tanda) do bairro Missera em Iemberém. Referem-se as
espécies que se encontram estudadas cientificamente e qual a sua relação com os dados etnomédicos. Em conclusão verificou-se
que várias espécies citadas por mais do que um dos PMT e também usadas noutras regiões da Guiné-Bissau ou noutros países da
África Ocidental se encontram estudadas cientificamente mas que outras espécies citadas por alguns dos PMT não se encontram
ainda estudadas sob o aspecto de actividade biológica ou de composição química.
Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais; Guiné-Bissau; Mata do Cantanhez; PMT.
E4-O02 Como me disse um curandeiro: "o teu trabalho fica escrito". Etnografia e ética num contexto da
Guiné-Bissau.
A. Frazão-Moreira
CRIA e FCSH, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Berna, 26-C 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal. amoreira@fcsh.unl.pt
Enquadramento: As pesquisas etnográficas permitem revelar o enquadramento económico, social e simbólico dos conhecimen-
tos etnobotânicos e etnofarmacológicos e das práticas a eles associados e dar-lhes sentido enquanto elementos inseridos em
sistemas culturais complexos. Este tipo de recolha de informação envolve relações sociais de investigação específicas envoltas
em questões de natureza ética. O estudo aprofundado realizado na Guiné-Bissau possibilita ilustrar a importância da Etnografia e
reflectir sobre as questões éticas inerentes à pesquisa Etnobotânica e Etnofarmacológica.
Objectivos: Partindo da pesquisa realizada entre os nalus da Guiné-Bissau pretende-se mostrar o enquadramento cultural dos
saberes e práticas etnobotânicos e etnofarmacológicos e discutir os aspectos éticos referentes à sua recolha e divulgação.
Métodos: A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi etnográfica. A recolha foi realizada através de procedimentos metodológicos
como a observação-participante e as entrevistas informais e formais e a análise foi qualitativa.
Resultados e conclusões: Os resultados referentes ao recurso a cerca de 160 espécies com usos alimentares, artesanais, medi-
cinais e rituais demonstram a importância de entender os elementos etnobotânicas e etnofarmacológicas locais no quadro vasto
do processo de apropriação social da natureza, isto é, tendo em conta aspectos económicos e sociais, mas também cosmológicos
e religiosos. A reflexão sobre a pesquisa desenvolvida revela ainda os contornos éticos deste tipo de investigação.
Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, Etnofarmacologia, Etnografia, ética, Guiné-Bissau.
76 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E4-O03 Ethnoecology, ecotourism and conservation of crocodiles. Venezuela and Burkina Faso cases
J.L. Rubio, R. Antelo, M. Luzon
joseluis.rubio@uam.es
Background: Ethnoecology is an interesting tool for endangered species management, as it provides criteria for conservation
programs based on sustainable use by local human populations.
Objective: We studied the relationships between rural communities and crocodiles in Venezuela and Burkina Faso to understand
the impliactions on the binomial species conservation - local development.
Methods: We conducted interviews in the implied communities to determine their socioeconomic conditions, kowledge of the
species, standpoint on the animal’s presence, as well as ecotouristic potential. We also compiled vernacular names of reptiles, and
the included in the local people’s diet, to inform of the number of species known and of the importance of the natural environment
in their daily lives
Results and conclusions: With the fishermen from Venezuela (where the Orinoco crocodile has been reintroduced), we found
scarce knowledge about the species (almost extinct many years ago) but many old myths, and on the other hand, the recognition
of some environmental services, as the control by the crocodiles of non commercial fish populations, beneficial effects on channel
drainage, etc. In Burkina Faso (Crocodylus nilotycus as focal species) we found higher complexity according to the high ethnic and
cultural diversity in the studied area (sacred animal in many ethnic groups, harmonic coexistence or competence according to the
different typology of fishermen groups…). Depending on the human – animal relationships and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the different communities, ecotourism based on the lure of the reptiles and their natural environment seem a common opportu-
nity for the binomial conservation - local development. The implied communities show enough experience, knowledge about their
environment, infrastructures availability, and organization (cooperatives or associations).
Keywords: Ethnoecology, Ecotourism and conservation, Crocodylus intermedius, Crocodylus nilotycus, Venezuela, Burkina Faso.
E5-O01 Abordaje del consumo de plantas medicinales en Atención Primaria: los productos de origen co-
mercial y los recolectados en el campo
M.C. Carrasco a, J.R. Vallejo b, D. Peral b, M.A. Martín b
a
Consultorio Médico Local de Guadiana del Caudillo (Badajoz). Centro de Salud de Pueblonuevo del Guadiana, travesía de la Constitución
s/n, 06184, Pueblonuevo del Guadiana, Badajoz, España. b Grupo de Investigación en Humanidades Médicas (HUME). Historia de la Medi-
cina. Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, España.
Antecedentes: En Extremadura se iniciaron planteamientos epidemiológicos sobre Medicina Popular y plantas medicinales en
1996 que han continuado hasta la actualidad (HUME: UNEX).
Objetivos: Analizar cómo abordar el consumo de plantas medicinales en Atención Primaria.
Métodos: Revisión de historias clínicas y trabajos previos realizados sobre un cupo de 1300 pacientes del Centro de Salud de
Pueblonuevo del Guadiana (Badajoz) en los últimos cinco años.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los riesgos de automedicación, confusión, intoxicaciones e interacciones por plantas (2), así como la
importancia de los trabajos interdisciplinares se han puesto de manifiesto con los estudios sobre la planta tóxica y medicinal Atrac-
tylis gummifera (1) y un caso clínico asociado al consumo de preparados comerciales de valeriana y pasiflora (3) en el cupo objeto
de estudio. La tendencia de actuación en Atención Primaria para evitar problemas de salud pública debe ser la introducción en los
antecedentes personales del consumo de plantas determinando si el origen del producto consumido es comercial o de recolección
en el campo, dar informaciones sistemáticas, breves y concisas sobre consumo responsable teniendo en cuenta dicho origen y
tratar temas relacionados con plantas en las sesiones clínicas de formación continuada de los centros de salud, invitando a otros
profesionales no médicos a participar en ellas desde ópticas antropológicas, etnobotánicas y etnofarmacológicas.
Palabras clave: Plantas medicinales, Medicina Popular, Fitoterapia, Atención Primaria.
Referencias: 1. Vallejo, J.R. et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126: 366-370. 2. Farah, M.D. Et al. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2000; 9:105-
112. 3. Carrasco, M.C. et al. Phytother Res 2009; 23: 1795-1796.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 77
E5-O02 Enfermedades, dolencias y trastornos manejados con remedios naturales por usuarios de medici-
na popular en la ciudad de Badajoz
D. Peral a, M.A. Martín a, J.R. Vallejo a, M.C. Carrasco b
a
Grupo de Investigación en Humanidades Médicas (HUME). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n. 06071,
Badajoz, España. b Consultorio Médico Local de Guadiana del Caudillo (Badajoz). Centro de Salud de Pueblonuevo Guadiana, Travesía de la
Constitución s/n, 06184 Pueblonuevo del Guadiana, Badajoz, España.
Antecedentes: Los sistemas de clasificación de enfermedades actuales han demostrado tener mucha utilidad para la práctica
clínica tanto en campos específicos de la salud (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder -DSM MD- de la Asociación
Psiquiátrica Americana) como en medicina general (Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades -CIE- (1) propuesto por la OMS).
Objetivos: a) Situar las dolencias y trastornos tratados por usuarios de Medicina Popular en la ciudad de Badajoz en un contexto
médico y científico consensuado. b) Normalizar la concepción popular de enfermedad de dichos usuarios para obtener juicios y
criterios clínicos de la misma.
Métodos: Los trastornos citados por 746 encuestados seleccionados al azar en la ciudad de Badajoz se han analizado siguiendo
la CIE-9-MC (9ª revisión, Modificación Clínica).
Resultados y conclusiones: Los problemas de salud manejados se encuadran en los capítulos de la CIE-9-MC: síntomas, signos
y estados mal definidos (31%); piel y tejido subcutáneo (16%); enfermedades digestivas (12%); respiratorias (8%); lesiones y
envenenamientos (8%); enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (4%); sistema nervioso y los sentidos (4%); causas externas (4%);
trastornos mentales (3%); circulatorio (3%); genitourinario (3%); endocrinas, metabólicas e inmunológicas (2%); complicaciones
embarazo, parto y puerperio (2%); Osteoarticulares (2%). No se citan trastornos clasificables en neoplasias, anomalías congénitas
y enfermedades de la sangre y órganos hematopoyéticos.
Palabras clave: Clasificación de enfermedades. CIE. Medicina Popular.
Referencias: 1. Min. Sanid. y Polít. Soc. <http://www.msc.es/ecie9mc-2008/html/index.htm> [consulta: 25 febrero 2010].
E5-O06 Challenges in the introduction of ethnopharmacological resources in public health care services
in Mexico City
P. Hersch Martínez
Programa Actores Sociales de la Flora Medicinal en México, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Matamoros 14, Acapantzingo,
62440, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, and Sociedad Mexicana de Fitoterapia Clínica.
Background: The biomedical exclusion of ethnopharmacological resources demands linking epistemological and operative chan-
nels in order to optimize its potential
Objectives: Analyze the epistemological and operative challenges inherent in the introduction of phytotherapy clinical public care
services by Mexico City government.
Methods: Retrospective analysis and identification of significant trends and factors.
Results and conclusions: Prominent milestones in the introduction process have been: 1) The argumentative logic and political
context that led to adapt the legal frame that allows therapeutic diversification in public services; 2) The existence of harmonizing
nodes, linking popular medicine and biomedicine rationalities, from an operative and epistemological perspective. These are: a)
the relevancy of integrating three knowledge perspectives (traditional, experimental and clinical) in the therapeutic approach of the
flora; b) the figure of the total or in totum extract and its implications, and c) the rescue of individualized formulation by physicians,
by means of magistral prescription, still recognised in Mexican regulation. The ethnopharmacological dimension of the resources
need viable derivations in order to optimize its therapeutic potential. These harmonizing nodes are essential facing the existing
disarticulation among disciplines and sectors.
Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Mexico, Clinical Phytotherapy, Public Health.
E5-P03 Representations of everlasting flowers (Helichrysum sp. pl.) in symbolic funerary iconography
J. Izco a, G. Caneva b
a
University of Santiago de Compostela. b University Roma Tre
Background: throughout history funerary rites have generally embraced a belief in the afterlife and consequently funerary prac-
tices have stressed the idea of eternity or continuance. One of these practices involves the iconographical use of long-lasting
flowers, which can be traced to the Egypt of the Pharaohs and can still be seen in many modern cemeteries.
Objectives: this paper examines the the everlasting flower (Helichrysum sp. pl.) representations in a number of European and
South American cemeteries and their relation to the types of burials, the dates of most frequent occurrence and the historical
context of the data.
Methods: identification of a number of representations of everlasting flowers on different kinds of tombs in European cemeteries,
in Spain (Corunna, Vigo, Orense, Madrid, Sevilla), Portugal (Lisbon, Oporto), Italy (Rome, Naples, Venice), France (Paris), and in
South America, in Ecuador (Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca).
Results and conclusions: Preliminary data reveal that the bas-reliefs of everlasting flowers are widely distributed and occur
mostly in pantheons and large mausoleums. By contrast, they are rarely found on wall niches or tombs on the ground. As far as
dates are concerned, these kinds of images were most frequently used on the oldest tombs, from the second half of the 19th cen-
tury and the first quarter of the 20th century. The everlasting flower icon usually appears either as a solitary wreath with ribbons
tied in different ways, or hanging from an upright cross or one lying on the ground. It may also appear incorporated into bouquets
or garlands, either on its own or accompanied by other plants. Bouquets or garlands of freshly-cut everlasting flowers are no longer
used these days, but they still appear in engravings on different kinds of pantheons and mausoleums. Because of the dates, the
floral arrangement of these engravings and their meaning is closely related to Romanticism and the magnificent mausoleums of
the time. The presence of these engravings on the American continent reveals an early process of cultural globalization.
Keywords: Perpetuino (It.), siempreviva (Sp.), immortelle (Fr.), Helichrysum, symbolic plants, funerary plants, eternity.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 81
E6-O01 Las plantas del mundo ante la ortodoxia galénica y la experiencia en la Europa del Renacimiento
J.L. Fresquet, C. Aguirre
Instituto de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia, Palacio Cerveró, Plaza Cisneros, 4, 46003, Valencia, España
Antecedentes: Durante el Renacimiento la incorporación de las nuevas plantas americanas y orientales al arsenal terapéutico
europeo supuso un importante cambio cuantitativo y cualitativo a la materia médica. En algunos casos hubo que adaptar e inter-
pretar los conocimientos sobre las mismas desde la ortodoxia galénica dominante en la medicina y la terapéutica de la época.
Sin embargo, algunos estudiosos antepusieron otros criterios en la valoración de los nuevos productos vegetales, entre estos, la
experiencia, una de las características más destacadas de las novedades que supuso el Renacimiento.
Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto el enfoque galénico y el enfoque empírico en el uso de las plantas
americanas y orientales a través de las obras de varios autores renacentistas.
Métodos: Estudio histórico de las fuentes impresas de Andrés Laguna, Nicolás Monardes, Juan Fragoso, Juan Calvo, Arias de
Benavides y Cristóbal de Acosta.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los primeros cirujanos prácticos que ejercieron en América optaron por su propia experiencia. Los
médico-cirujanos de la península tuvieron una postura intermedia en lo que se refiere a la práctica, mientras que, igual que hicie-
ron los médicos, en los aspectos teóricos siguieron los postulados galénicos.
Palabras clave: Renacimiento, Plantas americanas, Plantas orientales, Galenismo, Europa, Siglo XVI.
E6-O02 La obra botánica de Andrés Laguna (siglo XVI) en su traducción del Dioscórides
R. Morales
Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, España
Antecedentes: Andrés Laguna, segoviano, médico del rey español Carlos I y del papa Julio III, vivió en el siglo XVI y tradujo
del griego al castellano el famoso libro de materia médica de Dioscórides. Dicha traducción fue publicada en Amberes en 1555.
Además anotó la obra y la ilustró profusamente. La materia médica era un cúmulo de conocimientos botánicos y farmacológicos
del autor griego Dioscórides, del siglo I.
Objetivos: Se trata de analizar los conocimientos botánicos de Laguna y sus aportaciones a la botánica del siglo XVI mediante el
análisis de las anotaciones, texto propio del traductor de la obra, y de los dibujos que se incluyen. Se relaciona dicho conocimiento
con un buen uso.
Métodos: Se ha utilizado la edición facsímil titulada "Pedacio Dioscorides Anazarbeo, acerca de la materia medicinal y de los
venenos mortiferos. Traducido del griego e ilustrado por el doctor Andres de Laguna en Anvers, en casa de Juan Latio, 1555", y
publicada por la Comunidad de Madrid en 1991. Se ha confeccionado un índice de capítulos, excluyendo los que no se refieren
a plantas, y se han determinado en la medida de lo posible las especies vegetales tratadas. Todas las referencias a páginas y
capítulos son de esta edición.
Resultados y conclusiones: La finalidad básica del conocimiento botánico era para Laguna precaverse de que "no nos den
tossigo manifiesto" (pág. 472), ya que se confundieran simples era relativamente habitual. Cita otros muchos ejemplos. En sus co-
mentarios se citan más de 400 especies, algunas de ellas con localidades donde fue vista o recolectada. Indica en la introducción
lo bueno que es disponer de un herbario para el conocimiento de las plantas. Un buen conocimiento de estas es fundamental para
su uso debido en fitoterapia.
Palabras clave: Laguna, Dioscórides, historia de la botánica, plantas medicinales, siglo XVI.
82 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E6-P01 Los "sanpedritos": recurso etnofarmacológico nahua de Guerrero, México, y sus diversos planos
de eficacia
L. González Chévez a, P. Hersch Martínez b
a
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México, Compositores 320, Cuernavaca, 62170, México. b Instituto Nacional de Antropo-
logía e Historia, México. osemos@gmail.com
Antecedentes: Los recursos etnofarmacológicos presentan una multiplicidad de implicaciones, demandando una perspectiva
integral con diversos niveles de eficacia.
Objetivos: Analizar las implicaciones históricas, simbólicas y farmacológicas de un preparado medicinal nahua de uso actual
Métodos: Entrevistas y observación participante en el marco de un trabajo etnográfico amplio. Análisis bibliohemerográfico
Resultados y conclusiones: En el marco de la atención a menores con "daño" o con manifestaciones de irritabilidad o altera-
ciones del sueño, se elabora y aplica un preparado tradicional contentiendo tabaco local y ceniza. Las particularidades del proce-
dimiento de preparación y las implicaciones farmacológicas, simbólicas e históricas de los "sanpedritos" se articulan en un todo
coherente que refleja la integralidad del recurso en su contexto, articulando las fuentes históricas con las etnográficas y revelando
diversos planos de eficacia.
Palabras clave: Sanpedritos, tabaco, daño, Etnofarmacología, México, nahuas.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 83
E7-O01 Estudio etnobotánico de los huertos domésticos de Montejo de la Sierra: manejo, variedades y
redes sociales.
R.R. Ontillera Sánchez a, M. Pardo de Santayana a, L. Aceituno Mata b, V. Reyes-García c
a
Departamento de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2. Campus de Cantoblanco. 28049 Madrid, España.
b
Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA).c ICREA e Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambien-
tals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, España.
Antecedentes: Para estudiar los huertos domésticos es necesario recoger información tanto socioeconómica como del propio
conocimiento y manejo del huerto y sus cultivos. Pese a la importancia del conocimiento etnoecológico ligado a los huertos domés-
ticos y a la importancia de las redes sociales en la transmisión del germoplasma y conocimientos, hasta ahora se han realizado po-
cos trabajos en nuestro país que investiguen tanto el conocimiento y manejo del huerto como las redes sociales vinculadas a ellos.
Objetivos: Describir y analizar: a) el conocimiento y manejo de los huertos, y de distintos cultivos, y b) las redes sociales vincula-
das a los huertos domésticos de Montejo de la Sierra, Madrid.
Métodos: Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas, aunque todas ellas constaban de un número mínimo de preguntas que
siempre hicimos a todos los informantes para poder analizar posteriormente la información cuantitativa y utilizar los métodos de
análisis de redes sociales. Elaboramos, entre otros, dos índices para analizar el conocimiento y manejo de seis cultivos clasificados
en variedades locales-tradicionales o modernas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Encontramos índices significativamente mayores en el conocimiento y manejo de las variedades
locales-tradicionales en las personas nacidas en el pueblo y en las mayores de 60 años. También encontramos una correlación
positiva entre los índices de variedades locales-tradicionales y variedades modernas. Las redes sociales asociadas a los huertos
presentaron distintas estructuras, señalándonos distintos tipos de interacciones sociales.
E7-O02 Etnobiología, Etnoecología y resiliencia de los huertos familiares de campesinos en el Tirol del
Este (Osttirol, Lienz) en los Alpes Austriacos
C.R. Vogl, B. Vogl-Lukasser
BOKU – Universidad sobre Recursos Naturales y Ciencias de la Vida / Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180,
Viena, Austria.
Antecedentes: Los huertos familiares de campesinos a nivel mundial son conocidos por su alta agrobiodiversidad y el profundo
saber local de los campesinos sobre el manejo y uso de plantas como alimento, medicina y otras funciones sociales, económicas
y ecológicas.
Objetivos: Presentar las características, elementos, y la dinámica de los huertos con un enfoque específico sobre la resiliencia de
los huertos familiares y sistemas agrícolas en relación con los paisajes culturales.
Métodos: Entrevistas y ensayos en 196 huertos familiares de la región de estudio con las personas responsables (campesinas)
sobre la aparencia, manejo y uso de plantas cultivadas y silvestres de los huertos. Entrevistas con 40 campesinas ancianas sobre
la historia de manejo de los huertos y otros agroecosistemas.
Resultados y conclusiones: En los huertos se encontraron 683 especies distintas de plantas, incluidas 133 no toleradas ("malas
hierbas") con gran diversidad de usos. En solamente 3 décadas la diversidad de especies ha aumentado en los huertos, incluyendo
especies silvestres y cultivadas de agroecosistemas distintos del huerto recién abandonados. El abandono se debió a cambios
en el precio de los productos, nuevas posibilidades de ingresos no agrícolas y subsidios. Tradicionalmente los huertos proveían
de unas pocas hierbas y condimentos. Hoy en día su cultivan sobre todo plantas ornamentales y alimenticias. Los campesinos
han adoptado varias estrategias en los huertos para asegurar la resiliencia de su sistema agrícola incluyendo experimentaciones
e innovaciones. La diversidad de especies y usos y la alta capacidad de experimentación e innovación han creado la resiliencia
necesaria para la adaptación de los sistemas agrícolas a los cambios externos en el mercado y un nuevo contexto político. Hoy los
huertos familiares son elementos claves del paisaje cultural de los Alpes aunque sus funciones hayan cambiados.
Palabras clave: Huertos familiares, sistemas socio-ecológicos, resiliencia, Etnobotánica, Etnoecología, Etnobiología, saber local,
diversidad biológica.
84 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E7-O03 Estudio de la evolución del paisaje de las huertas del Generalife (Granada) a través de fuentes
documentales: viajeros y grabados
M. Navarro Burgos a, E. García Sánchez b, J. E. Hernández Bermejo a
a
Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Agrícolas y Forestales. Universidad de Córdoba. Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edi-
ficio Celestino Mutis. 2ª Planta. Ctra. Nacional IV Km. 396 14071 Córdoba. b Escuela de Estudios Árabes (CSIC). Cuesta del Chapiz
Antecedentes: Las Huertas del Generalife son un paisaje cultural que se ha conservado a lo largo de al menos 700 años y que for-
ma parte del entorno y patrimonio histórico integrado en el complejo de la Alhambra-Generalife. El presente trabajo forma parte de
la Asistencia Técnica del Grupo de Investigación PAI-RNM 153 (Junta de Andalucía) "Programa de asesoramiento al Patronato de
la Alhambra en el plan de conservación y gestión de las Huertas del Generalife como parte del plan director de la Alhambra", que
incluye el análisis de los tratados agronómicos andalusíes, archivos históricos y estudios arqueobotánicos y dendrocronológicos.
Objetivos: Se presenta en este trabajo el análisis de la información aportada por los viajeros y la interpretación de grabados,
planos y fotografías, a fin de identificar las especies y evolución del paisaje de las Huertas del Generalife como aportación al
proyecto de Restauración de las mismas
Métodos: Revisión de los textos de 229 viajeros que pudieron estar en Granada desde el siglo XIV hasta el XX, extracción de datos
de interés sobre el entorno de las Huertas del Generalife, creación de una base de datos de las especies identificadas y análisis
de toda la información recogida. Interpretación de todas las representaciones gráficas encontradas.
Resultados y conclusiones: 112 descripciones de interés del entorno de las Huertas del Generalife. 668 citas a especies ve-
getales de interés para el estudio recogidas en Base de Datos. Destacan: higuera, granado y vid, seguidos en menor medida por
cítricos.
Palabras clave: Generalife, Huertas, Paisaje, Viajeros.
E7-O04 Las "plantas silvestres" dentro del huerto tradicional, mecanismo de conservación de la biodiver-
sidad y posibles ventajas de la inversión del proceso en la actualidad
C. Anllo Naveiras a, J. Anllo Naveiras b
a
Yes I can-tree, http://yesican-tree.blogspot.com, yesicantree@gmail.com , Palomar 10º Izq 15005, A Coruña, España.
b
Laboratorio de Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia USC, Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos, s/n. Campus sur 15782 Santiago de Compos-
tela, España. josefinaluisa.anllo@usc.es
Antecedentes: Significado de las plantas "silvestres" para el huerto y la comunidad: Partiendo de un estudio etnobotánico realiza-
do en un entorno rural del norte de España, se presentan razones por las que un cierto tipo de plantas silvestres han sido acogidas
dentro de los huertos tradicionales y conservadas en aéreas de explotación agroforestal.
Objetivos: Heredar la relación de la población con la biodiversidad como modelo de actuación: Se discute sobre la capacidad que
poseen dichas prácticas para aplicarse dentro de propuestas de valor con objeto de incrementar la biodiversidad en aéreas urbanas
europeas con alta densidad de población y paisajes mixtos.
Métodos: Análisis de las razones de los individuos para cargar de significado dicho proceso: Se propone la actuación directa de la
población en procesos que posibiliten el incremento de la biodiversidad como un nuevo entendimiento del espacio verde urbano.
Resultados y conclusiones: La identidad entre conservación de biodiversidad y calidad de vida: Se concluye que dicha práctica
supone una mejora en la calidad de vida de la población urbana. A través de ensayos de participación se incluyen resultados obte-
nidos sobre la capacidad de respuesta y grado en el que se involucran los participantes. Se sugiere la inclusión de dichas prácticas
en futuras actuaciones paisajísticas ya que aportan un alto grado de sostenibilidad tanto por la capacidad de actuación de la po-
blación como por incorporan mecanismos de adaptación al cambio propios de entornos naturales dentro de los espacios urbanos.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, participación ciudadana, paisajes mixtos, biodiversidad y metrópolis.
Agradecimientos: A Las personas que han colaborado y apoyado las diferentes acciones planteadas dentro de las bases sobre las que se
desarrollan las iniciativas de Yes I can-tree y que han permitido llegar a desarrollar las ideas sobre las que se ha basado esta presentación.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 85
E7-P02 Recuperación del saber popular asociado a las vías pecuarias como recurso para el desarrollo
sostenible en el tramo toledano de la Cañada Real Segoviana
J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, A. Rodríguez Torres, R. Pérez-Badia
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Avda, Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, España.
Antecedentes: La red española de vías pecuarias, la más importante de Europa, se configuró para el desarrollo de la trashuman-
cia ganadera, que en otra época llegó a ser la principal actividad económica del territorio nacional. Asociado a esta red de vías
pecuarias se desarrolló un estilo de vida rural y una cultura popular que guardaba, entre otros, el conocimiento sobre los usos
de las plantas. Este conocimiento se transmitía de unas generaciones a otras y aún perdura en la memoria de algunas personas
mayores. A partir de los años 60, la cultura popular relacionada con las vías pecuarias inicia su deterioro como consecuencia de la
crisis del medio rural y el abandono de los sistemas ganaderos tradicionales, perdiéndose también muchos aspectos relacionados
con el uso de las plantas.
Objetivos: Recopilar el saber popular asociado a la actividad de la ganadería trashumante, que durante siglos se practicó en el
tramo toledano de la Cañada Real Segoviana, y documentar los conocimientos etnobotánicos en este territorio.
Métodos: Trabajo de campo con ganaderos y pastores de la zona, mediante conversaciones y encuestas. Inventario de las plantas
cuyos usos están relacionados con la actividad ganadera.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha recopilado abundante información sobre los usos de las plantas en los múltiples aspectos del
oficio pastoril, relacionados con la alimentación del ganado, la construcción de chozos, la elaboración de utensilios domésticos, los
trabajos de cestería, etc. Esta información constituye la base para conservar este saber popular, proporcionar recursos útiles para
el fomento de actividades turísticas y elaborar planes de educación ambiental que además integren aspectos relacionados con la
conservación del medio natural y por ello puedan contribuir al desarrollo rural sostenible del territorio.
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, ganadería tradicional, vía pecuaria, desarrollo sostenible.
86 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
E8-O02 Los nombres de los árboles en las distintas lenguas de los Pirineos: una aproximación etnobotá-
nica
L. Villar a, R. Garreta b, J. Vallès c
a
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Jaca (Huesca), España; b Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées,
Bagnères de Bigorre, Francia; c Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Cataluña, España.
Antecedentes: La gran riqueza natural y cultural de los Pirineos se refleja en las más de 3500 especies que forman su flora y en
las seis lenguas que se hablan en el ámbito: aragonés, catalán, español, francés, occitano y vascuence. De las leñosas, unas 90
son árboles, en buena parte bien conocidos por los montañeses, que los bautizan y aprovechan de muy diversas maneras.
Objetivos: Presentar los nombres (mayormente vernáculos) de los árboles espontáneos e introducidos en los Pirineos, algunos
topónimos alusivos y sus principales usos populares.
Métodos: Partiendo de nuestros propios trabajos etnobotánicos en distintas áreas pirenaicas (Aragón, Bigorre y Cataluña sobre
todo) y acudiendo a otras fuentes hemos confeccionado una tabla de los nombres que reciben los árboles en cada una de las
lenguas pirenaicas, interpretando la especie o las especies involucradas y anotando sus aplicaciones y topónimos más conocidos.
Resultados y conclusiones: Hemos recogido un número aproximado de 500 nombres populares en dichas lenguas para casi un
centenar de especies arbóreas presentes en el Pirineo. Algunos taxones tienen uno o muy pocos nombres en cada idioma, mientras
que otros alcanzan 10 o más. Unos nombres se mantienen vivos y están muy extendidos, mientras que otros se usan menos o se
dan en un área pequeña. Casi todas las especies son o han sido útiles (industria, medicina y veterinaria populares, alimentación
animal humana, artesanía, folklore, etc.). Además, muchos nombres individuales o colectivos han pasado a la toponomia y antro-
ponimia del territorio.
Palabras clave: Aragonés, árboles, catalán, Etnobotánica, español, euskera, fitonimia, francés, montañas, occitano.
E8-O05 Fitonimia del macizo del Montseny (cordillera prelitoral catalana). Aspectos etnobotánicos, lin-
güísticos y toponímicos
M.A. Bonet a, J.C. Villalonga b
a
Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Cataluña, España. b, TERM-
CAT, Centre de Terminologia. Diputació, 119, 5ª. 08015 Barcelona, Cataluña, España.
Antecedentes: Las denominaciones populares de las plantas constituyen una parte significativa de la cultura popular relacionada
con el mundo vegetal y son, en muchas ocasiones, la expresión sintética de conocimientos ancestrales relativos a sus propiedades
y usos. Paralelamente, la relación de las personas con el medio natural -especialmente en las zonas montañosas- ha quedado
fijada en la toponimia (1), la cual es un reflejo del conocimiento histórico del territorio por parte de sus habitantes.
Objetivos: Tratar de describir el paisaje vegetal del macizo del Montseny a través de los fitotopónimos.
Métodos: A partir de los datos de un estudio etnobotánico y referencias que contiene (2) analizamos la presencia de nombres de
plantas en la toponimia, así como el conocimiento que sus habitantes tienen de las especies implicadas.
Resultados y conclusiones: Considerando un elevado número de topónimos del Montseny -alrededor de un centenar- que
contienen nombres de plantas hemos constatado un profundo conocimiento del medio y de su aprovechamiento por parte de los
habitantes de la zona. Este hecho demuestra, por un lado, el valor de la diversidad biológica del macizo y, por el otro, la capacidad
del lenguaje -y por tanto, de los conocimientos- para describir el paisaje.
Palabras clave: Fitonimia, Toponimia, Etnobotánica, Etnolingüística, Montseny.
Agradecimientos: Centre de Promoció de la Cultura Popular i Tradicional Catalana-Generalitat de Catalunya.
Referencias: 1. Generalitat de Catalunya. Nomenclàtor oficial de toponímia major de Catalunya. 2ª ed. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalun-
ya, Institut d’Estudis Catalans; 2009. 2. Bonet, M.À., Vallès, J. Plantes, remeis i cultura popular del Montseny. Etnobotànica d’una Reserva
de la Biosfera. Granollers: Museu de Granollers; Figueres: Ed. Brau; 2006.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 89
E8-O06 Transfigurações da "árvore". Considerações sobre o género e suas alterações na lingua portuguesa
A.S. Dias a, L.S. Dias a, T. Santos b
a
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, alxandra@uevora.pt, b Departamento de Filosofia, Universidade de Évora.
Enquadramento: A árvore, em particular a árvore de fruto, é frequentemente vista como um símbolo da vida, da generosidade da
Natureza, da fertilidade e do poder gerador da terra. O género da palavra usada para nomear esta entidade é assim particularmen-
te significativo no âmbito da representação e leitura humana da Natureza que tende indubitavelmente por um lado a reflectir-se
e por outro a alicerçar-se na linguagem.
Objectivos: Eflectir sobre as causas e implicações das diferentes opções de género (masculino / feminino) para "árvore" nas
principais línguas e idiomas românicos da Península Ibérica.
Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica, etimológica e literária.
Resultados e conclusões: Nos principais idiomas peninsulares românicos "árvore" é um substantivo masculino apesar de no
latim original pertencer ao género feminino. É assim no castelhano, no asturiano, no galego, no leonês, no catalão e também no
idioma barranquenho da fronteira hispano-portuguesa, ao contrário do que acontece no português e na língua mirandesa onde é
feminino. Em português, até muito recentemente, ambos os géneros poderiam aplicar-se indiferentemente a esta palavra, tendo o
género feminino sido adoptado como norma pelo menos a partir de 1945. Neste particular, o português (e o mirandês) distingue-se
do universo das línguas românicas peninsulares (e não só) pelo uso do feminino para esta entidade natural que brota da terra, se
ramifica e pode gerar frutos. Adicionalmente, no português observa-se uma forte predominância do género feminino para nomear
árvores de fruto, em contraste com outros idiomas peninsulares.
Palavras-chave: Árvore, idiomas, género, línguas, Península Ibérica.
E8-P02 Fitotoponímia das Terras de Miranda, Portugal. Relação entre os topónimos em mirandês, as plan-
tas, os saberes e os vestígios de outras eras e povos
A.B. Alves a, M.T. Ramos b, A.M. Carvalho c
a
Centro de Estudos em Letras, Univ. de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. b Eco Museu Terra Mater, Picote, Miranda do Douro. c CIMO/ESAB,
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança. Portugal. anacar@vpb.pt
Enquadramento: Vários estudos etnobotânicos realizados em Terras de Miranda tornaram evidente a riqueza e variedade dos
nomes de muitas terras e lugares. A toponímia revela a percepção do povo sobre o seu território e regista as designações que os
nossos antepassados deram às terras. Na Terra de Miranda, muitas dessas designações estão associadas a nomes de espécies
vegetais e revelam algumas particularidades do mirandês e vestígios dos povos e civilizações que, ao longo dos séculos, por ali
passaram. Ficaram termos e expressões telúricas que formam a toponímia local, algumas de origem pré-latina e até pré-histórica,
a que a língua mirandesa aplicou as suas leis de pronúncia e também de morfossintaxe.
Objectivos: Recolher e registar designações fitotoponímicas e estabelecer a relação entre as plantas e as formas de organizar os
nomes que conferem um significado preciso aos territórios.
Métodos: Inquirição informal, levantamento toponímico e consulta e pesquisa bibliográfica.
Resultados e conclusões: Foi elaborada uma listagem de designações em mirandês e estabelecida a respectiva associação com
as espécies vegetais dominantes na região. Xaral (arabismo derivado de xara); Paneira (relacionado com pão, cereal); Bal Fenoso
(local onde se cultiva feno); Peinha l Nebro (relacionado com o nebro > zimbro); Tapada de las Nebreiras ( < nebro), são exemplos,
no meio de tantos outros, dos nomes que o homem aplicou aos locais, moldando-os à linguagem que falava. Ou seja, a toponímia,
primeira base e assentamento do vocabulário, para se saber e conhecer por onde se andava, pode também fornecer algumas
indicações sobre as culturas e plantas da região.
Palavras-chave: Fitotoponímia, Mirandês, Trás-os-Montes, Etnobotânica.
E8-P03 Contenido nutrimental de dos especies de flores de palmas comestibles en la reserva "Selva del
Ocote", México
A. Caballero Roque a, J. Ballinas, a J. Morales b
a
Unicach. Libramiento norte s/n. 29000. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
b
INNSZ.Vasco de Quiroga 15. Tlalpan. 14000. México, DF.
Antecedentes: Mesoamérica, es una región que se localiza desde el Sur de México hasta Panamá, es el centro de origen de
importantes especies alimenticias (1). La reserva Selva el Ocote es un área natural protegida rica en biodiversidad en cuya zona
de amortiguamiento existen poblaciones indígenas (2) que utilizan los recursos naturales que tienen a su alrededor para la alimen-
tación, este es el caso de las palmas pacaya (Chamaedora tepejilote) y chapaya (Astrocaryum mexicanum), que son utilizadas en
diferentes preparaciones de su dieta (3).
Objetivos: Determinar el contenido de nutrientes de 2 especies de palmas que se utilizan en la alimentación de la población que
habita en la Reserva de la Biósfera Selva el Ocote.
Métodos: Se realizaron encuestas estructuradas a un total de 25 mujeres. Se identificó datos de las plantas que utilizan para su
alimentación diaria. Se elaboró un listado libre de plantas y se analizaron las 2 especies de mayor uso en alimentación.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se determinó la composición nutrimental de la chapaya (Astrocaryum mexicanum) y la pacaya (Cha-
maedora tepejilote). La composición nutrimental permite conocer la calidad de la dieta de la población que los consume y fomentar
la conservación de este recurso natural para que continúe aportando beneficios para la alimentación.
Palabras clave: Flores, palmas, alimentación, nutrimentos.
Agradecimientos: UNICACH, INNSZ
Referencias: 1. Casas et al. América Indígena, 1987; Volumen 47: 317-343. 2. Programa de Manejo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva el
Ocote (PMREBISO). 2000. Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas. México. 3. Caballero et al. Valor de plantas comestibles no
cultivadas de la Reserva Selva el Ocote. 2010. Tesis doctoral. Unicach.
ISE
11th Congress of the International Society of Ethnopharmacology
(ISE 2010). Continuity and change in Ethnopharmacology:
Transdisciplinary science for our future
a
International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology icipe, Kasarani/off Thika Rd., Nairobi, Kenya, b Biovision, Foundation for ecologi-
cal development, Schaffhauserstr. 18, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, c Université de Neuchâtel, Laboratoire de parasitologie moléculaire, Rue
Emile-Argand 11, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Background: East Africa’s protected forests are home to many rare or endemic plant and animal species. Driven by local needs,
pressure on the forests has been increasing constantly over the last decades. Due to deforestation and over-exploitation of non-
timber forest products, these vital and unique ecosystems are threatened with extinction.
Objectives: Farming families living in the vicinity of the forests are forced to use wood, plants and grass from protected areas in
an unsustainable way to secure their livelihoods. In order to counter-act to this trend whilst still enabling vital additional income
to be made by the farmers, Biovision and its local partner organization icipe demonstrate in a pilot project in the Kakamega forest
in northwest Kenya how local aromatic and medicinal plants can be planted on-farm. The plants are then sold for a fair price to
create an additional, forest-independent household income.
Methods: Local co-operatives work closely with icipe to monitor cultivation, secure a stable selling price and process the raw ma-
terials. The extracts from the aromatic and medicinal plants are used to create a range of products for various health and healing
purposes, and are sold at local and national markets in Kenya and Tanzania.
Results and conclusions: This project adds value to and motivates utilization of traditional knowledge. By generating new green
jobs and additional income, livelihoods of the local community have been improved. The project also enhances community partici-
pation in forest protection, especially of women and youth, by conducting environmental education and awareness on biodiversity
conservation. Technology transfer into the local communities enables new plant-based marketable products for improvement of
health and nutrition. The thousands of people in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda who buy and use them is proof of the continuing
success of this project.
Keywords: Africa, traditional knowledge, medicinal plants, green jobs, technology transfer, women, youth empowerment, biodiversity
conservation, improvement of health and nutrition.
ISE1-P04 Evaluation of the insecticidal activity from Tithonia diversifolia and Clibadium sylvestre in the
control of Atta cephalotes L.
N. Pino, E. Palacios, L. Perea
Technological University of Chocó, block 6 Laboratory 316 Group Natural Products, B/ Nicolas Medrano, 270002, Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia.
Background: Tithonia diversifolia and Clibadium sylvestre are used in various tropical countries as remedy against malaria, intes-
tinal parasites, chill, liver problems, also as insecticides and ictiotoxics. Natural insecticides or natural protection of crops reduce
the risk of insect’s resistance, they have less lethal consequences for natural enemies, reduce the arrival of secondary pests, are
less harmful to humans and causes no damage to the environment (1).
Objective: Evaluate the effect of T. diversifolia and C. sylvestre to control Atta cephalotes
Methods: Using the methodology proposed by Adoyo et al. (2) modified for the cutting ant control, which takes into account as-
pects such as: inventory, cleaning, measuring, marking, and identification of the nest; descriptive and exploratory one-dimensional
analysis, also structure and population density was analyzed, with Shapiro-Wilk and Levenne test to homogeneity of variances.
Results and conclusions: We found 44 nests of A. cephalotes, the treatment that showed more activity was the mix of T.
diversifolia and C. sylvestre. Diluted sample 1:2 v/v with a 93% decrease of the forage activity, significant differences between
the treatments was presented at a confidence level of 95.0%. These species are an important less cost alternative to be used
sustainably by people in rural areas.
Keywords: Useful plants, Insecticidal activity, Asteraceae.
Acknowledgments: Financial support from UTCH, CENIVAM and COLCIENCIAS are gratefully acknowledged
References: 1. Gómez, A. L. Annotations for the environmental management of ecosystems. Medellin, Colombia, 2001. 2. Adoyo, F.,
Mukalama, J. B. et al. Leisa Agricultures Magazine, 1998. 13 (4): 24-25.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 99
ISE1-P06 Significance of Tovomita species in strict diets in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon)
J. Sanz-Biset, S. Cañigueral
Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Diagonal, 643. E-08028 Barcelona (Catalonia).
Background: Ethnomedical reports for Tovomita species (Clusiaceae) are scarce in the literature. Nevertheless, they have been
detected as the main plants used in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon) in the traditional healing practices known there as strict
diets (1).
Objectives: Evaluate the possible role of Tovomita species in strict diets.
Methods: An ethnopharmacological field work on the use of plants in strict diets was performed in Chazuta Valley and results
were confronted to the existing literature.
Results and conclusions: In strict diets, plant remedies are consumed with nearly fasting and with some sort of seclusion. These
practices: a) always produce depurative effects, b) usually originate other physiological or pharmacological effects, c) sometimes
induce holotropic states of consciousness. The plants more frequently used are Tovomita stylosa (34 of 122 reports) and T. foldatsii
(29 of 122 reports). A wide range of medicinal uses was recorded for the diets with these plants, which are considered a panacea in
Chazuta. In the literature, only cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities have been described for Tovomita species, that have been re-
lated to the presence of xanthones, benzophenones and betulinic acid (2-4). However, other pharmacological activities that could be
related to the use of Tovomita species in strict diets have been reported for xanthones of the Clusiaceae, such as anti-inflammatory
and psychoactive activities (5).
Keywords: Tovomita, strict diets, xanthones, benzophenones.
References: 1. Sanz-Biset J, Cañigueral S. 6th European Colloquium on Ethnopharmacology. Leipzig, 2007. Poster. 2. Seo EK et al. Phyto-
chemistry 1999; 52: 669-674. 3. Zhang ZZ et al. Planta Med 2002; 68: 49-54. 4. Pecchio M. et al. J Nat Prod 2006; 69: 410-413. 5. Bennett
GJ, Lee, HH. Phytochemistry 1989; 28: 967-998.
100 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE1-P07 Evaluating the contribution of the reintroduction and use of yagé in Siona indigenous communities
in Putumayo, Colombia
L. Matías-Hernández, S. Fustukian
Institute for International Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland. 09003402@qmu.ac.uk
Some factors could explain the significant improvement of health and social indicators in a few developing countries in Asia and
South-America. The integration and complementation side by side of ancient medicinal alternatives with allopathic medicine has
been identified as one of the factors for improving wellbeing and health at community level. Among these traditional medicine
alternatives, the use of medicinal plants is a fundamental component within the indigenous health systems in many parts of the
world.
The Amazon Piedmont region of Putumayo in Colombia, where the research project has taken place, due to its high degree of
local endemism is considered one of the regions in the world with more biological biodiversity. In addition, the Amazon piedmont
is home of a great diversity of indigenous groups that live in symbiosis and respect with their surrounding nature, keeping their
ancestral shamanic traditions. Despite their great variability of fauna, flora and indigenous cultures, the Amazon piedmont has a
common element, which is the anthropological sacred ceremony of yagé medicinal plant consumption. Yagé or Ayahuasca is either
a medicinal plant or a plant of knowledge. As a medicinal plant, yagé is generally used to diagnose and treat mental and physical
diseases, while as a plant of knowledge is used for understanding the problems and realities of their social-cultural organization.
Unfortunately, the lost of indigenous areas in the Colombian Amazon Piedmont due to uncontrolled land occupancy by armed
militias and narcotic industry in last decades has had a direct negative impact on sources for local medicinal plants. Consequently,
some indigenous communities have not been able to conserve their yagé ritual and other local medical traditions. In addition, the
difficulties in accessing allopathic health services in that area have created a poor health situation for many of the indigenous
communities in Putumayo.
In last years, local institutions have fortunately reacted by protecting and recognizing indigenous traditional medicine as real
medicine as well as by strengthening and promoting the transmission of the use of yagé knowledge among different tribes. This
research has evaluated and elucidated, with a humanistic perspective, the contribution and impact of the reintroduction and use
of yagé in two Siona indigenous communities in a remote area in the Colombian Amazon-Piedmont region of Putumayo. Results
has shown how after seven years of the yagé reintroduction either health or well-being parameters has significantly improved in
these Siona communities.
ISE1-P10 Antibacterial activity of extracts from endemic "Montado" species against multi-drug resistant
pathogens
B. Lai a, A. Duarte a, G. Teixeira b, A.I. Correia c, N. Oliveira a, A.M. Madureira a
a
Med.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal. b Centro de Biologia Ambien-
tal, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal, c Centro de Biologia Ambiental, FCUL,
ed. C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Background: The "Montado" is a unique Mediterranean ecosystem, whose importance is related to its huge biological diversity.
Medicinal and aromatic plants are an important part of "Montado" flora and it´s scientific evaluation will strengthen the interest
on their biological applications.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of several "Montado" plants: Adenocarpus complicates
ssp. anisochilus, Sanguisorba hybrida, Erica lusitanica, Quercus faginea, Lavandula luisieri and Paeonia broteroi against both
sensitive and resistant standard bacteria.
Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by using the serial broth microdilution method against
S. aureus strains (ATCC 6538, 43866 and 106760) and Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae).
Results and conclusions: 70% of extracts had activity against S. aureus sensitive strains (MICs 62-7.5 µg/mL). The active ex-
tracts were screened for multiresistant bacteria. 50% and 84% of the extracts showed activity, with MICs values ranging 62-7.5
µg/mL against S. aureus meticillin resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant (VRSA), respectively. All extracts of Sanguisorba
hybrida displayed high activity against both S. aureus sensitive and VRSA strains with MICs values of 30-7.5 µg/mL, while the
methanol and water extracts had strong activity against the MRSA strains with MIC of 7.5 µg/mL. No activity was detected against
Gram negative bacteria.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Multiresistant strains; MIC determination; Montado flora.
Acknowledgments: The UL / FAD 2009/2010 for Bianca Lai´s scholarship.
102 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE1-P11 Salvia divinorum: Its novel use and representation on the WWW
I. Casselman a, M. Heinrich b
a
School of Pharmacy - Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, London, UK. icasselm@hotmail.com. b Centre for Pharmacognosy and
Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX
Background: Over the past decade the novel use of the Mexican psychoactive Labiatae, Salvia divinorum, has developed outside
of Mexico (Casselman 2009). Use by the Mazatec, in Oaxaca contrasts this emerging, novel, worldwide use. While Mazatec ingest
the leaves under the guidance of a curandero or curandera (Wasson & Hoffman 1963), the novel use is characterized by users
smoking the leaf fortified with salvinorin A (Baggott et al 2004), the active psychoactive chemical compound in Salvia divinorum
(Ortega et. al. 1982). A predominant mode of information exchange regarding this novel use is through various WWW user genera-
ted content (UGC) interfaces (often referred to as Web 2.0) such as YouTube and Wikipedia (Casselman 2009).
Objectives: To understand how user generated content interfaces contributes to ethnopharmacological information exchange on
the WWW through UGC interfaces.
Methods: Digital trace (Jenetzko 2008) was utilized to collect data for this project. This set of unobtrusive measures combine the
collection qualitative and quantitative data from WWW UGC sources.
Results and conclusions: a) The use of S. divinorum and its representation on the WWW, specifically UGC interfaces, is in-
creasing. b) there are four distinct differences between the Mazatec use of S. divinorum and the novel use. Mazatec use: leaves
chewed, endemic to Oaxaca, administered by a trained practitioner, part of a ritualized practice. Novel use: leaves smoked, global
use, self-administered, used outside of a ritualized practice.
Keywords: Salvia divinorum, YouTube, Wikipedia, User Generated Content, Unobtrusive Measures, Digital Trace, Ethnobotany 2.0.
ISE1-P12 Diffusion indices as innovative tools to compare ethnopharmacological data. Case of antileish-
manial plant species in Amazonias
G. Odonne a,b, D. Stien a, G. Bourdy b
a
UMR EcoFoG, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane – CNRS, 97337 Cayenne cedex, France.b UMR 152 (Laboratoire de pharmacochimie
des substances naturelles et pharmacophores redox) Université de Toulouse UPS – IRD, 118, rte de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9,
France.
Background: Studies specifically focused on phytotherapeutic treatments of leishmaniasis in Amazonia are rare. However, it was
found from the literature that 250 vegetal species are used in a variety of cultures and places against this disease.
Objectives: The goal is here to design a tool for the analysis of these data in order to assess representativeness of the useful
species.
Methods: Thus, three indices were developed. Cultural diffusion index gives the distribution rate of a species among different cul-
tural groups. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the species to the total number of groups cited. Geographi-
cal diffusion index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of the uses of a species in the region. It is calculated geometrically by
measuring the average distance between the points where uses are reported and the barycenter of those points. The last index is
an arithmetic combination of the previous two, giving information on both cultural and spatial criteria.
Results and conclusion: Several repartition patterns were highlighted: some species are used in restricted areas while they are
present on either side of Amazonia, and other, widespread too, are used everywhere. Our work shows that these indices, applied
to plant species used against a given disease, are an interesting tool to analyze literature relative to traditional uses.
Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Amazonia, diffusion indices, medicinal plants, traditional remedies.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 103
ISE1-P13 Comparison of the chemical profiles and anti-platelet aggregation effects of two "Dragon’s blood"
drugs used in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Tao YI, Hu-Biao Chen, Zhong-Zhen Zhao, Jing Liu
School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
Background: Imported Dragon’s Blood is the prepared resin of the fruit of Daemonorops draco Bl. (Fam. Palmae). Having a reputa-
tion for facilitating blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis, this resinous medicine is commonly prescribed for the treatment
of traumatic injuries, blood stasis and pain. Because of biodiversity, native medicinal plants could be explored for similar therapeu-
tic purposes in folk medicine. The prepared resin of the stem of Dracaena cochinchinensis has been used as "domestic Dragon’s
Blood" instead of "imported Dragon’s Blood" in some areas of China. The original plant of the two medicines are different, and the
alternative use each other should be based on a chemical and pharmacological study.
Objectives: The present investigation is proposed to compare the chemical composition and the inhibitory effects of the two
medicines on platelet aggregation.
Methods: A UPLC-PAD-ESI/MS fingerprinting method was developed to characterize the various constituents of two medicines.
The anti-platelet aggregation effects of two medicines on AA induced rat platelet aggregation were evaluated using light transmis-
sion, respectively.
Results and conclusions: The results revealed that the developed UPLC-PAD-MS method could unambiguously identify the two
medicines, and the characteristic constituents of the two medicines are found to be: flavanes in imported Dragon’s Blood and
stilbenes in domestic one, respectively. From the result of anti-platelet aggregation tests, it was shown that the inhibitory effect
of imported Dragon’s Blood were more potent than that of domestic one.
Keywords: Dragon’s Blood; Daemonorops draco; Dracaena cochinchinensis.
ISE1-P15 Sustainable use of wild medicinal plants: a case study in Nabanhe National Nature Reserve, Yun-
nan/China
S.F. Bucher a, B. Ghorbani b, Dr. G. Langenberger b , J. Sauerborn b
a
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Botany (210), Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.b University of Hohenheim, Institute for
Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics (380b) Garbenstr. 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Background: 87% of all components in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are plants mainly collected from wild resources.
Prevailing collection practices are often not sustainable which not only threatens plant populations and ecosystems, but also
endangers the livelihood of the collectors. Although cultivation is possible, management plans for sustainable collection from wild
resources could be developed.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out ethnomedicinal use, ethnoecological knowledge and harvest practices of target
medicinal plant species and to find out what the sustainable harvest would look like.
Methods: Five medicinal plant species (Tacca chantrieri André, Paris polyphylla Sm., Stemona tuberosa Lour., Asparagus subscan-
dens F.T. Wang & S.C. Chen and A. filicinus Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don) were selected. These species are used in TCM as well as in
folk medicine by local minorities. Data on medicinal plant use and plant collection was obtained by interviews. To estimate the
plant population status, striptransects were conducted in forests, along rivers and in fallow lands around five selected villages.
Results and conclusions: The harvest is not sustainable. Only the subterranean parts of the plants are medicinally used and
the whole plants are therefore excavated. Amounts harvested are determined by market demands rather than ecological aspects.
The Asparagus species are rarely used in local ethnomedicine, whereas Paris polyphylla is regarded as highly effective among the
people in the area. But highest harvest amounts derives from the Asparagus species, lowest of Paris, since it´s abundance is very
low whereas Asparagus is to be found in comparably large numbers and used elsewhere. Populations are decreasing according
to the local informants because collection impact is too high and natural habitats are destructed. Still sustainable harvest of the
remaining plants could be possible if existing harvest methods would change.
Keywords: TCM, non timber forest products, NTFP, wild plant collection, biodiversity conservation.
ISE1-P16 Anatomical characterizacion, anti-tripanocide and free radical scavenging activities of Castela
tweedii Planch. (Simaroubaceae)
L. Pulido Garcia a, O. Di Sapio c, I. Nocito b , M.N. Campagna c, M. Gattuso c
a
Producción Vegetal y Tecnología Agraria E.T.S.I.A. UCLM. Campus Universitario, Albacete, España. b Virología y c Farmacobotánica. Fa-
cultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmaceúticas. UN de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina. E-mail: mgattuso@fbioyf.
unr.edu.ar.
Background: Castela tweedii Planch. is a small tree that grows mainly in South America. Decoction of leaves and bark was
popularly used against gastrointestinal disorders and diarrhea.
Objectives: The aim of this work is to study anatomical and biological features to contribute to the analysis of C. tweedii stem,
bark and leaves.
Methods: Longitudinal and transversal sections stained with safranine-fastgreen were evaluated.
Results and conclusions: Bark: remaining rhytidome was made up of 1-2 peridermis. Phloem was separated by fibers in small
clusters and limited by tangential bands of axial parenchyma. Wood: diffuse-porous, paratracheal confluent parenchyma and rays
of 1-5 cells wide, with abundant oxalate crystals. Leaf was dorsiventral and hipostomatic. Epidermis single-layered with unicellular
hairs and mucilaginuos hypodermis. Tripanocide and free radical scavenging capacity were studied in leaf, bark and wood dichlo-
romethanic and ethanolics extracts. Wood and bark diclromethanic extract were active against Tripanosoma cruzi epimastigotes,
with percentage of parasite’s growth inhibition of 78% and 69% each. Leaf ethanolic extracts showed the highest DPPH scaveng-
ing capacity (IC50=60 mg/mL).The compounds responsible for this activity were of phenolic nature. The results of this work might
contribute to identification and standardization of C. tweedii.
Keywords: Castela tweedii, Simaroubaceae, Anatomical study, Trypanocide, Antioxidant activity.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 105
ISE1-P17 Traditional andalusian phytotherapy: synthesis and comparative analysis between eastern and
western Andalusia
M.R. González-Tejero, J. Molero Mesa, G. Benitez, R. Velasco, J. Vilches
Dpto. Botánica, Universidad de Granada, España. mreyes@ugr.es
Background: In Andalusia, ethnobotanical studies started in the 80s with a work dedicated specifically to recover the knowledge
of medicinal plants in the province of Granada. Gradually, the research in this discipline spreads over to other areas of Andalusia
and currently large areas of our community are known in this regard. In this paper, a synthesis of Andalusian popular herbal medi-
cine is done, taking as reference different published unpublished studies.
Objective: To analyze comparatively the ethnobotanical resources of medicinal interest in Andalusia, with particular attention to
the differences and / or similarities between the information known in western and eastern Andalusia
Methods: The information has been indexed in a database, including among other information, the study site, listed taxa, parts of
the plant used, preparation methods, pathology and pathologic groups according to Adjanohoun et al. (1989) and when possible,
number of references to its use. Qualitative and quantitative technologies will be use for making the analysis.
Results: The results are set out in the comparison of eastern and western Andalusia traditional herbal medicine, establishing
similarities and differences as well as possible vicariance in relation to the species used and diseases treated with plants
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Medicinal plants Andalusia, Spain.
ISE1-P19 Medicinal plant uses linked to the transhumance cattle track of the Cañada Real Segoviana in
Toledo (central Spain)
J. Rojo, F. Fernández-González, S. Sardinero, R. Pérez-Badia
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Avda, Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, España.
Background: Iberian Peninsula has some geographical and climatic conditions ideal for the development of transhumance. The
cattle routes designed for this purpose, have contributed to increase the biological diversity and landscape richness. People in the
old rural society linked to the transhumance used the botanical resources of their environment to solve health problems.
Objectives: To carry out an inventory of plants with medicinal properties in the cattle track of the Cañada Real Segoviana in the
province of Toledo, as well as their documented uses. The study also includes toxic plants, plants with culinary values and plants
with veterinary uses.
Methods: A floristic catalogue has been compiled for the study area, through extensive fieldwork along the cattle track. After a
revision of the ethnobotanical literature on central Spain, the medicinal, culinary, veterinary and other uses of plants were obtained
through interviews with people linked to the Cañada Real Segoviana, like shepherds.
Results and conclusions: The study area presents an important floristic diversity which results in a catalogue of 695 plants,
mostly native. An important amount (33%) of the flora presents some kind of medicinal properties. 174 species can bring benefits
to the circulatory, digestive, excretory systems, etc. 69 species have culinary properties. On the other hand, 51 species have been
used for livestock healing or feeding.
Keywords: transhumance, floristic diversity, medicinal plants, culinary plants, toxic plants.
ISE1-P20 Medicinal plants known as "Arnica" in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): An ethnobo-
tanical review
D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, A. Verde c, J. Fajardo c, A. Valdés c
a
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, España. b Universidad
Miguel Hernández, Departamento de Biología Aplicada, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel km. 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, España. C Jardín Botánico de
Castilla-La Mancha, Arturo.Valdes@uclm.es
Background: The concept of "Arnica" covers a complex of different species of Asteraceae and other plant families. It was intro-
duced in Spain and Portugal by physicians and pharmacists during the second half of the 18th century. It was first used for Arnica
montana L., applied to the treatment of hematoma and inflammation and lately for other species.
Objectives: Identify the plant species included in the complex known as "Arnica" in the Iberian Peninsula and determine the
common morphological and ethnopharmacological features.
Methods: A review of published data and of our own unpublished original data recorded in semi-structured interviews to infor-
mants in SE and Central Spain.
Results: A total of 31 species belonging to 6 families are named "Arnica". Species with a single name ("arnica") are: Achillea
ageratum L., Crepis paludosa (L.) Moench, Doronicum carpetanum Boiss. & Reuter ex Willk., Doronicum grandiflorum Lam., Doro-
nicum pardalianches L. & Senecio pyrenaicus L.. However some species receive also other different names: Chiliadenus glutinosus
(L.) Fourr. (up to 25 names) and Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter (14). The folk medicinal uses are organized in two main groups: a)
externally for hematoma and inflammation and b) orally for stomach ailments, fever and flu.
Keywords: Arnica, Antiinflammatory, Herbal teas.
Acknowledgements: Estudio Etnobiológico de la Flora Medicinal de Castilla - La Mancha PAC08-01734838.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 107
ISE1-P22 Biological and cultural heritage of native medicinal plants in the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil:
rescue and communication of knowledge
F. Chechetto a, C.W. Kffuri a, A. Balbino Ferreira a, Lin Chau Ming a, G. Antônio Damian a,b, C. Trein b
a
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Doutorado Horticultura, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil.
b
Associação Catarinense de Plantas Medicinais, Rua Felipe Schimidt, 303, Edifício Dias Velho, Florianópolis/SC, Brasil.
Background: Since 1997, an interdisciplinary team conformed by several technicians of the natural and health sciences, and local
stakeholders as well, was created in the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for studying the uses of the medicinal plants.
Objectives: Study the uses of medicinal plants according to the Brazilian National Program of Medicinal Plants to rescue and
communication the traditional knowledge.
Methods: An exhaustive bibliographical review on Ethnobotany based on participatory approach were carried out from 1997 to
2009. This meetings with the leaders of the communities, medicinal plants were identified and were discussed as well.
Results and conclusions: 108 medicinal plants have been studied, whose 33 are already listed on the National List of Medicinal
Plants and approved for their use by the Health Ministry of Brazil. Bulletins of botanical, agricultural, pharmacological and toxico-
logical aspects have been published of Cecropia glaziovi, Casearia sylvestris, Maytenus ilicifolia,Cordia verbenacea, Alternanthera
brasiliana, Solanum paniculatum, Mikania glomerata, Passiflora alata, Sphagneticola trilobata, Dichorisandra tyrsiflora. These
bulletins have been transferred to the community leaders as a way of communication and divulgation of the traditional knowledge
within the region. We may conclude that the results have contributed to enhancing the use of native medicinal species, indicating
their therapeutic potential, which has been promoted the development of other studies on the production of herbal medicines.
Keywords: medicinal plants, Ethnobotany, Brazil.
108 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE2-O01 Historical and molecular evidence for date palm introduction in America (Phoenix dactylifera,
Arecaceae)
D. Rivera a, E. Carreño a, D. Johnson b, J. Delgadillo c, M.H. Carrillo a, c, C. Obón d, R. Krueger e, F. Alcaraz a, S. Ríos f
a
Universidad de Murcia, ecarreno@um.es. b Cincinnati, c Universidad de Baja California, d Universidad Miguel Hernández, e National Clonal
Germplasm Repository for Citrus & Dates, f CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante.
Background: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) populations can be found in several places across America. Those associated to
jesuitic missions in Baja California (Mexico) are specially remarkable due to their magnitude and number of individuals.
Objectives: Study of palm groves from an historical point of view. Determine possible sources of genetic material.
Methods: Sampling in different palm groves. DNA extraction and amplification of SSR markers. Comparison with Spanish and
North African palm samples. Revision of bibliography, specially Colonial Latin America Indian Chronicles and descriptions of Cali-
fornia and Baja California missions.
Results and conclusion: Palm groves were located in maps, rescuing the oldest references for most of them, some dating back
to the first half of XVI century in Caribe and Mexico. Baja California palm groves are not accounted for in jesuit missions (1). They
could have been the product of subsequent introduction by franciscan and dominican orders in the late XVIII century. Little genetic
diversity was detected among samples from different missions, suggesting a small sample as starting material or succesive intro-
ductions from one of the missions to the rest.
Key words: Crónica de Indias, Misiones Jesuitas, SSR.
Acknowledgement: Proyecto INIA RF2007-00010-C03
References: 1. Del Barco M. 1988. Historia Natural y Crónica de la Antigua California. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
México.
ISE2-P02 Plants used in folk veterinary medicine in the Arribes del Duero Natural Park, western Spain
J. A. González, M. García-Barriuso, F. Amich
Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E-37071, Salamanca, Spain. Participating group (Salamanca, Spain) in the
"Red Iberoamericana de Saberes y Prácticas Locales sobre el Entorno Vegetal" (RISAPRET, CYTED).
Background: The territory of the Arribes del Duero Natural Park (Salamanca-Zamora, Spain) can be said to be a good example
of a Mediterranean heterogeneous landscape with a marked alternation of habitats and land uses, is characterised by a strong
demographic regression, and is devoted mainly to livestock
Objectives: We studied Ethnoveterinary knowledge among the inhabitants of the area, documenting traditional veterinary medi-
cine practices. The remedies used, their preparation and administration were documented
Methods: Information was obtained in 116 semi-structured interviews (conducted from 2005 to 2009) of 80 non-specialist people
(44 men and 36 women; age range, 45-98 years; mean age, 72)
Results and conclusions: A total of 31 veterinary remedies based on the use of a single plant species and cited by at least three
independent informants were recorded. We observed the use of 25 species of vascular plants, belonging to 18 botanical families.
Most of the remedies described by the interviewees referred to the treatment of mild ailments related to the skin and the respira-
tory system. A total of 11 remedies (35%) are related to cleaning and treatment of wounds. Likewise, we recorded remedies com-
ment on the influence exerted by superstition. Currently, many people preserve a rich traditional knowledge about useful plants,
and it may be affirmed that the folk veterinary medicine is still very much alive in the studied area.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ethnoveterinary, Arribes del Duero, Spain.
ISE2-P03 European plants used by Brazilian communities in Santiago (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
S.M.B. Volk a, F. Llamas b, C. Acedo b
a
Rua Tito Becon, 960. Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. b University of León. Campus of Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain.
Background: For a long time, the communities of the South of Brazil have incorporated to their traditional knowledge many Euro-
pean useful plants. Some of these communities were created by the Italian immigrants arriving with their customs to Brazil in past
centuries, as occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is the first ethnobotanical study in Santiago (RG, Brazil).
Objectives: The main goal of our research was to know which plants are used by these communities, most of them not native, but
naturalized or cultivated plants incorporated to their cultures.
Methods: The fieldwork was conducted in 1996-2000. It consisted in interview surveys and the collection of plant vouchers pro-
vided by the interviewed. The groups of people studied belong to the agricultural sector or related activities. Prior to the research,
local institutions and organizations arranged meetings to ensure the participation of the inhabitants. Some 24 localities and 175
informants were contacted. In order to obtain accurate and complete information, it was necessary to make multiple contacts with
each of the interviewed, as it was difficult to process all the amount of the information provided during a single talk. Data were
collected through semi-structured interviews, performed either to a single informant or to a group of them. We registered as main
information: the name of the informant, plant name, used part, application form and use. We tried to register the exact spelling
used by every informant. We also collected a voucher specimen, preserved in the herbaria LEB, or HERBARA. The obtained informa-
tion was compiled in a database, to facilitate its manageme.
Results and conclusions: We have identified some three hundred taxa belonging to 219 genera and 81 families. All of them
have multiple uses. The most frequent families are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Myrtaceae, reaching up to
40 % of the recorded plants. Studying the origin of the taxa, we verified that only some 51% are native plants, and that 20% are
naturalized and 29% cultivated plants. Most of naturalized (50%) and cultivated plants (80%) are native from Europe, or arrived
to Santiago because they were cultivated there. These results reflect the ethnic origin of the informants and the mixed culture of
the investigated population.
Keywords: Brazil, Rio Grande, Ethnobotany, European plants.
Acknowledgments: We thank the people who shared their knowledge with us and everybody helped in our research.
110 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE2-P04 Traditional medicinal plants used in the region of Gorbeialdea (Biscay, Basque Country)
G. Menendez a, V. Reyes-García b, R. Morales c, M. Pardo-de-Santayana a
a
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2. E-28049 Madrid. Spain. b ICREA-ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193
Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain; c Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
Background: Although ethnographers have been interested in Basque folk medicine, few researchers have addressed the topic
with an ethnobotanical perspective.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe and analyze the plants traditionally used in the folk medicine of Gorbeialdea, a
Basque speaking rural mountainous region located in the south of Bizkaia, Basque Country.
Methods: Seventy six semi-structured interviews have been conducted between 2008 and 2010 with 84 informants born in the
area. Informants were selected using the "snowball" method.
Results and conclusions: Eighty two taxa were recorded, most of them were used for skin diseases (39 species), followed
by digestive (32) and respiratory (28) disorders. The most important species used to cure respiratory disorders were Eucalyptus
globulus, Urtica dioica and Verbena officinalis; Chelidonium majus, Juncus sp., Allium cepa are used for skin conditions; Plantago
lanceolata for musculoskeletal disorders; Chamaemelum nobile and Helleborus viridis against digestive diseases and Urtica dioica
for circulatory conditions. Plants scarcely cited or previously unknown to the literature include: Coronopus didymus (pulmoni beda-
rra) for pneumonia; Helleborus viridis (arioa) for intestinal worms, and Plantago lanceolata (sanbedarra) for strains. Compared with
the rest of the Iberian Peninsula and even with other Basque-speaking areas, Gorbeialdea shows significant specificity of remedies
Keywords: Medicinal plants, traditional knowledge, Biskay, Iberian Peninsula.
Acknowledgements: To all the informants, Dani Pérez.
ISE2-P07 Traditional management of autochthonous endangered breeds of hen (Gallus domesticus) in the
Iberian Southeast (Spain): between the Ethnoveterinary and the superstition.
J. Sánchez Balibrea, P. López Barquero, J.F. Martínez Pérez
Asociación de Naturalistas del Sureste. Pza. Pintor José María Párraga nº 11 bajo, 30002 Murcia, España.
Background: The lost of biodiversity is especially worrying concerning the autochthonous breeds of domestic animals. Parallel to
the population decrease of these breeds, its is vanishing the traditional knowledge associated to their management.
Objectives: The study aims to compile information about the traditional management of fowl diseases and parasites in the Iberian
Southeast with special focus on the use of both wild and cultivated plants.
Methods: The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews to old people and breeders of autochthonous breeds
which are at risk of extinction. The plants that, according to interviewed people, were used are evaluated with published literature
in order to determine the possible effects on fowl health
Results and conclusions: Traditional management of hens include the use of plants whose function is not only simple nutrition of
the animals, as many species contain active principles which were experimentally shown to be useful for prevention and treatment
of diseases and parasites which usually afflict to hens. However, we also recorded oral traditions for the management of the fowl
that presents evident relations to numeric superstitions and magic.
Keywords: Hens, Ethnoveterinary.
112 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-O01 Evaluation of the cholinergic pathways in α-hederin-induced contraction of rat isolated stomach strips
M. Mendel, M. Chlopecka, N. Dziekan, W. Karlik, M. Miechetek
Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland, +48 22 5936037. marta_mendel@sggw.pl
The extract of common ivy (Hedera helix) is extensively used in traditional and contemporary medicine in the treatment for ca-
tarrhs of the respiratory passage and for the symptoms of chronic inflammatory bronchial conditions. On the other hand, ivy plant
causes serious poisonings in human and animals with the predominant symptoms of severe diarrhea and dyspnea. Those clinical
observations became confirmed in in vitro studies which revealed the contractile effect of two triterpenoid saponins extracted from
Hedera helix (α-hederin and hederacoside C) on rat isolated gastrointestinal strips. However, the mechanism of the contractile
effect remained unknown.
Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the participation of cholinergic pathways in α-hederin-induced contraction of rat
isolated stomach strips.
The experiments were performed on rat isolated fundus and corpus stomach strips under isotonic conditions. The effect of atropine
and hexamethonium on α-hederin-induced contraction of stomach strips was investigated. All results are expressed as % of the
response to acetylcholine (ACh) – a reference contractile agent.
The obtained results revealed that the administration of atropine neither prevented nor reduced the response of stomach strips to
α-hederin. The contraction caused by saponin (100μM) in the presence of atropine amounted to 96.02±23.06% and 102.73±11.01%
of the reaction induced by ACh for stomach corpus and fundus strips, respectively, whereas the response to α-hederin without
atropine pretreatment was as big as 94.79±75.91% and 101.57±27.75% of the reaction produced by ACh for stomach corpus and
fundus strips, respectively. The application of nicotinic antagonist also did not change the force of α-hederin-induced contraction.
If the administration of saponin was preceded by treatment with hexamethonium the strength of stomach fundus strips" contrac-
tion was 106.68±11.90% of the reaction to acetylcholine and the contraction was comparable with the one caused by α-hederin
without prior hexamethonium-treatment.
Summing up, it can be assumed that the cholinergic pathways do not participate in α-hederin-evoked contraction of rat isolated
stomach preparations.
Keywords: α-hederin, isolated stomach strips, cholinergic pathways.
ISE3-O02 Safety assessment of selected Indian herbs through cytochrome P450 inhibition assay
S. Ponnusankar a, S. Pandit a, A. Bandyopadhyay b, P.K. Mukherjee a
a
School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032. India. b Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032.
India
Background: Indian herbs are believed by many to be safe. Several natural products have been reported to produce adverse reac-
tions due to interaction of cytochromes, when simultaneously administered along with conventional medicines (1). Assessing CYP
inhibition of Indian herb extracts has important implications for predicting the likelihood of their potential herbal-drug interactions.
Objectives: To assess the safety of standardized extract of Centella asiatica through drug interaction potential on drug modulating
enzymes.
Methods: Centella asiatica extracts were standardized through HPTLC and HPLC. Cytochrome inhibition assay was performed
using CYP450-CO complex assay (2) and fluorimetric screening on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 isoforms.
Results and conclusions: The effects of the standardized extracts on cytochrome P450 concentration were determined using its
spectral difference and the reduced form of its CO complex. Different extracts, its fractions and phytomarkers showed significantly
less inhibition (p<0.001) when compared with standard ketoconazole. This experimental findings demonstrate that selected Indian
herbs can inhibit CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 127.39±3.46; 143.27± 4.56 mg/mL) isoforms. Assessing CYP inhibition of Ayurvedic
plant extracts has important implications for predicting the likelihood of their potential herb-drug interactions that may lead to drug
induced toxicity, as well as determining candidates for further comprehensive analysis.
Keywords: Centella asiatica; Cytochrome inhibition; herb-drug interaction; safety studies
Acknowledgments: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS), Department of AYUSH, Govt of India, New Delhi.
References: 1. Mukherjee PK et al. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:633-657. 2. Ponnusankar S et al. Phytother Res. (In press).
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 113
ISE3-O03 Cholinesterase inhibitory potential of Piper longum L. fruit alternative management of Alzheimer’s
disease
Santanu Bhadra, Satheesh Kumar N., S. Saravanan, B.C. Pal, Arun Bandyopadhyay, P. K. Mukherjee
School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
Background: P. longum Linn. (Piperaceae) traditionally used in various central nervous system disorders like CNS depressant,
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant etc. It contains a bioactive alkaloid piperine as major compound.
Objectives: Objective of the present study is to explore the anticholinesterase potential of P. longum fruit.
Methods: Liquid chromatographic standardization of the plant extract has been carried out with reference to the piperine. The
acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesrarse activity of hydro-alcoholic extract and its different fractions (Chloroform, n-Butanol,
Ethyl acetate and water) were studied by TLC-bioautography and modified Ellmanâ’s method. The results were expressed as IC50
values. Galantamine was use as reference anticholinesterase drug.
Results and conclusions: Ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions showed more activity than the other fractions. The order of
inhibition was Piperine > Ethyl acetate > Chloroform > Hydroalcoholic extrat > n-Butanol. Specificity of the Piperine and extract
was more towards acetylcholinesterase than butyrylcholinesterase. Piperine found to be the bioactive compound in P. longum.
Keywords: Piper longum; Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Bioautography.
ISE3-O04 Scientific monographs of medicinal plants of Mexico: Quality, safety and efficacy of Mexican Tra-
ditional Medicines
R. Mata a, S. Cristians a, A. Navarrete-Castro a, P. Hersch-Martínez b, R. Bye c
a
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. (scristians@ciencias.unam.mx); b Instituto Nacional de Antropología e
Historia; c Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Background: In Mexico must of the population avail themselves of medicinal plants in order to cover their health problems. The
biodiversity added to the cultural heterogeneity generates one of the most plentiful folk medicines of the world. Nevertheless, the
lack regulation causes several problems such as substitutions and adulterations of the most widely commercialized crude drugs,
as well as natural resource depletion. In this scenario, is imperative to generate an instrument that assures the quality, safety and
efficacy of these plants.
Objectives: Develop a scientific document that guarantee the quality, safety and efficacy of Hintonia latiflora one of the most
widely used and commercialized medicinal plant.
Methods: Generate and compile scientific information about H. latiflora.
Results: The document comprises several sections: Nomenclature, Definition, Popular Medicinal Uses, History, Location, Ana-
tomical Identification, Handling and Commercialization, Chemical Constituents, Analytical Procedures of Identity and Composition,
Toxicology and Pharmacology. This document indeed, will be very useful for health authorities, practitioners of phytotherapy,
physicians, and any scientist involved in the study of medicinal plants. In addition, this work could be a useful tool for legislation
in sights to promote laws aimed to regulate conservation, production, commercialization and consumption of medicinal plants.
Keywords: Quality, Safety, Efficacy, Medicinal Plant Monograph, Hintonia latiflora.
114 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-O05 Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook.f.) Brenan: isolation and characterization of saponins responsi-
ble for the activity against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia grisea
G. Brusotti a,d, I. Cesari a,d, A. Tava b, M. Mella c, G. Caccialanza a,d
a
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy, b Center of Research for Fodder Crops
and Dairy Productions, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy, c Department of Organic Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, University of Pavia,
27100 Pavia, Italy, d Center of Studies in Ethnopharmacy (CIStRE), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Background: As part of our contribution to phytochemical and biological survey and to validation of traditional uses of pygmies
Baka medicinal plants (1), we report herein the study on Piptadeniastrum africanum stem bark. The water and methanolic extracts
showed a weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and a pronounced activity against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia grisea.
Objectives: Isolation and characterization of compounds active against P. grisea.
Methods: Spectrophotometric analyses, Sephadex LH-20 column, RP-HPLC, 1H, 13C NMR, MS
Results and conclusions: Preliminary spectrophotometric analyses performed on the more active methanol crude extract high-
lighted the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins. Two fractions were collected after separation on a Sephadex LH-20
column: a tannin fraction, active against bacteria and a non tannin fraction, containing saponins, with a pronounced antifungal
activity against P. grisea (MIC 1 mg/mL, MFC 2mg/mL). After a preliminary filtration of the non tannin fraction on RP-18 to remove
sugar and idrophilic compounds, analitical and semi-preparative RP-HPLC were performed in order to enhanced the separation and
to obtain pure saponins for further structural elucidation by 1H, 13C NMR and MS analyses.
Keywords: Piptadeniastrum africanum ((Hook.f.) Brenan, Pyricularia grisea, saponins, bark extract, pygmies traditional medicine.
Acknowledgments: Department of Territorial Ecology – Mycology Section, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Dr. S.
Tosi and Prof. A.M. Picco for biological tests.
References: 1. Ngueyem T. A. et al, J. Ethnopharm. 2008, 120, 13–17. 2. Hagerman A.E. Tannin Handbook Ed. Miami University, Ohio,
1995.
ISE3-O08 Evaluation of extracts of Triclisia subcordata Oliv and Heinsia crinita (Afz) G. Taylor for antimicro-
bial activity against some clinical bacterial isolates and fungi.
I. Lawal a, K. Abo a, O. Adebayo b
a
University of Ibadan, Dept. of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ibadan. ibroodula@yahoo.com. b University of Lagos
Background: We report antimicrobial potential of extracts of roots of Triclisia subcordata and whole plant of Heinsia crinita
used as components of various herbal portions in Ethnomedine in South West Nigeria to treat acute urinogenital infections and
infertility. Methanol and hexane extracts of each plant were obtained by maceration and tested for antimicrobial activity using agar
diffusion and microbroth dilution techniques
Objectives: Our interest in these two medicinal plants arose because we observed that herbalists in South West Nigeria used
them in Ethnomedicine for the treatment of acute urinogenital infections and infertility complicated with chronic microbial infec-
tions particularly STD
Methods: 100 g of powdered sample (whole plant or root) of each plant was separately macerated in 600 mL methanol (MeOH)
and 600 mL hexane for five days to obtain the MeOH and hexane extracts of each plant used for the analysis.
Results and conclusions: This study indicates that the extracts from H. crinita and T. subcordata exhibited profound antibacterial
activity against clinical strains of S. aureus and E. coli isolated from patients with STD or non-gonococcal urethritis.
In conclusion, this study shows that H. crinita and T. subcordata are effective against the test pathogens and it justifies the eth-
nopharmacological uses of both plants in the treatment of microbial infections
Keywords: Triclisia subcordata, Heinsia crinita, antimicrobial activity, non-gonococcal urethritis, infertility.
116 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-O09 Phytochemical composition and in vitro analysis of antioxidant properties in flowers of medicinal
species traditionally used in Northeastern Portugal
L. Barros , A.M. Carvalho, I.C.F.R. Ferreira
CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portu-
gal. lillian@ipb.pt
Background: Oxidative stress can be attenuated by diets containing fruits, vegetables and herbs that have antioxidant activities
due to their high content in bioactive compounds. In the Iberian Peninsula, several wild species have been regarded as powerful
ingredients for homemade remedies mainly due to their anti-inflammatory, diuretic and diaphoretic properties, traditionally recog-
nized by healers and consumers.
Objectives: To study phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of flowers of Cytisus multiflorus, Crataegus mo-
nogyna, Filipendula ulmaria, Malva sylvestris and Sambucus nigra.
Methods: Phytochemical analyses include determination of several antioxidant agents by spectrophotometric techniques, HPLC/
fluorescence, HPLC/RI, GC/FID. The antioxidant activity was accessed by four in vitro chemical and biochemical assays using
animal cells (1).
Results and conclusions: C. monogyna revealed the highest phenolics, tocopherols, β-carotene and SFA contents and the most
promising antioxidant properties (EC50 < 52.4 μg/mL), even better than Trolox. F. ulmaria also revealed a promising antioxidant
activity with the highest ascorbic acid content. M. sylvestris have the highest sugars and PUFA contents. Results show correla-
tions between phytochemical composition, antioxidant behaviour and traditional uses. Flowers could be incorporated in extracts,
functional beverages or products with health-promoting properties, such as anti-inflammatory and other properties related to
oxidative stress.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, oxidative stress, Portuguese pharmacopoeia.
Acknowledgments: L. Barros is financed by FCT (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008)
References: 1. Barros et al., Food Chem. Toxicol., 2010, 48, 1466–1472.
ISE3-O10 The antitumour effect of Samento, a preparation of Uncaria tomentosa, is probably due to its anti-
inflammatory activity.
I. Urdanibia a, O. Estrada b, P. Taylor a
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela. ptaylor@ivic.gob.ve
Background: Samento is a chemotype of Uncaria tomentosa used in traditional medicine by the Ashaninka of Peru, for the
treatment of inflammatory diseases, cancer and infections (1, 2). The curative properties of Samento have been attributed to im-
munomodulatory pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (3).
Objectives: Evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antitumour effects of Samento.
Methods: A commercial Samento preparation (NutraMedix, Florida-USA) and two acetone soluble and insoluble fractions (A
and B) were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro using the Sulphorhodamine B assay with four cell lines. Anti-inflammatory activity in
vitro was assessed as the inhibition of the macrophage TNFa, IL-6 and nitric oxide responses to lipopolysaccharide. The effect of
Samento on primary tumour growth and metastasis in BALB/c mice inoculated with 4T1 mammary tumour cells was also assessed.
Results and conclusions: A partial cytostatic, but not cytotoxic effect of Samento and its fractions was observed over the range
of concentrations tested (< 100 µg/mL). Samento and Fraction A inhibited pro-inflammatory mediator production in vitro, the most
marked effect being observed with nitric oxide (50% inhibition at 1 µg/mL). Daily i.p. injection of Samento inhibited primary tumour
growth and metastasis.These results support previous reports that the antitumour effect of U. tomentosa is probably not related
to direct cytotoxicity on tumour cells (4).
Keywords: Samento, U. tomentosa, Inflammation, Cancer.
Acknowledgements: Misión Ciencia, MPPCYT, Venezuela
References: 1. Akesson, C. et al. Int Immunopharmacol 2003, 3:1889-1900. 2. Allen-Hall, L. et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 7: 312-317. 3.
Reinhard, KH. J Altern Complement Med 1999, 5:143-151. 4. Fazio et al. BLACPMA 2008, 7:217-224.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 117
ISE3-P01 Exploring possible Interaction potential of standardized Glycyrrhiza glabra with reference to gly-
cyrrhizin on Cytochrome P450
S. Pandit a, S. Ponnusankar a, M.Venkatesh a , A. Gantait a, A. Bandyopadhyay b, P.K. Mukherjee a
a
188, Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India. Jadavpur University. b 4, Raja Sc Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India. Indian Institute
of Chemical Biology
Background: Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. commonly referred as liquorice, is used in Indian System of Medicine in respiratory/urinary
infections, liver disorder, diabetics etc. (1). Cytochrome P450 is the principal enzymes responsible for the metabolism of most of the
clinically used drugs.
Objectives: To determine the percentage of glycyrrhizin present in G. glabra extract and their possible interaction potential with
drug metabolizing enzyme through CYP450 inhibition study.
Methods: Quantitative determination of glycyrrhizin was performed by HPTLC (9.1% W/W) and RP-HPLC (5.27% W/W). Preli-
minary screening on the effect on isolated CYP450 was done by CYP450 carbon monoxide (CYPCO) assay. Inhibition on CYP3A4
and 2D6 isozymes by G. glabra extract were analyzed through fluorescence product formation and IC50 value were determined (2).
Results and conclusions: In CYP450-CO assay interaction potential (percentage inhibition 23.23±1.84 %) was very less
compare to standard inhibitor. In fluoremetric assay G. glabra (CYP3A4:140.95±4.80, CYP2D6:132.49±1.07) and glycyrrhizin
(CYP3A4:174.62±2.30, CYP2D6: 156.25±3.48) showed significantly higher IC50 value (µg/mL) than their respective positive control,
for both the isozymes. Results demonstrate that the G. glabra and glycyrrhizin with co-administered conventional medicines have
very less interaction potential with drug metabolizing enzyme which indicates that drug metabolism base toxicity of licorice is
minimal.
Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, glycyrrhizin, Cytochrome P450, CYP3A4, CYP2D6.
Acknowledgments: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India
References: 1. Gantait, A. et al. J AOAC Int. 2010.93 (2): 492-495. 2. Ganzera, M. et al.Life Sci 2006; 78: 856 – 861.
ISE3-P04 Uighur remedies used for cardiovascular disease prevention: From biodiversity to to evidence-
based phytomedicines
A. Umar a,b, B. Berke a,b, K. Abdukerim b, C. Girardi a, A. Yusup c, O. Félis a, H. Upur c, C. Chèze a, N. Moore a,b
a
Department of Pharmacology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France. b Faculty of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University,
830011, Urumqi, China. c Faculty of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China.
Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine is increasing for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness for cardiovascular disease prevention of Uighur remedies.
Methods: An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out using written sources of TUM.1 We searched different databases and
compiled data according to evidence-based toxicological, pharmacological and clinical studies. The ecological parameters of the
remedies were also studied.
Results and conclusions: Among 72 remedies, 70 originated from plants belonging to 44 families and 2 from insects (Bombyx
mori and Oecophylla smaragdina). Most of the plants are native from Asia, 2 of them are endangered: Paeonia hybrida and Saus-
surea involucrata. Some plants are also used in traditional Chinese medicine or Ayurvedic medicine. 2,3 There was good scientific
evidence for 10 % of the remedies. Special attention to these effective natural remedies is a step toward high-quality standardized
phytomedicines.
Keywords: Uighur Medicine, hypertension, antiplatelet activity, dyslipidemia, diabetes
References: 1. Kadir, A. et al. Zhong Hua Bencao Weiwuer. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and technology Publication, 2005. 2. Li, W.L. et
al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 92:21. 3. Mukherjee, P.K. et al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 106:1.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 119
ISE3-P07 Minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants used in Northern Peru as antibacterial re-
medies
R.W. Bussmann a, G. Malca-García b, A. Glenn a, D. Sharon a, G. Chait c, D. Díaz b, K. Pourmand d, B. Jonat d, S. Somogy e, G. Guardado f, C.
Aguirre f, R. Chan f, K. Meyer a, A. Kuhlman a, A. Townesmith a, J. Effio-Carbajal b, F. Frías-Fernandez b, M. Benito b
a
William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA, Office phone: +1-314-577-9503, Fax:
+1-314-577-0800, email: rainer.bussmann@mobot.org. b Clínica Anticona, Laboratorio Clínico, Prolongación Unión 2390, Trujillo, Perú. c San
Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-4616, USA. d State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook,
NY, USA. e Rosenweg 62, 77933 Lahr, Germany. f University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Background: The plant species reported here are traditionally used in Northern Peru to treat bacterial infections, often addressed
by the local healers as "inflammation". The aim of this study was to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of their antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Methods: The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of 141 plant species was determined using a deep well broth
microdilution method on commercially available bacterial strains.
Results and conclusions: The ethanolic extracts of 54 species inhibited Escherichia coli, and 117 ethanolic extracts inhibited
Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, only 29 water extracts showed activity against E. coli and 37 extracts against S. aureus. The
MIC concentrations ranged from 0.1563 to 512 μg/mL. The ethanolic extracts exhibited stronger activity and a much broader spec-
trum of action than the water extracts.
The presence of antibacterial activity could be confirmed in most species used in traditional medicine in Peru for the treatment
of bacterial infections. However, the MIC for the species employed showed a very large range. Traditional knowledge provides
promising leads to elucidate potential candidates for future development of new antibiotic agents.
Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, antibacterial, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
ISE3-P08 Antimalarials from Renaissance herbals: Identification of antiplasmodial dammaranes from Alis-
ma plantago-aquatica by HPLC based activity profiling
M. Adams, S. Gschwind, S. Zimmermann, R. Brun, M. Hamburger
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. b Swiss Tropical and Public Health
Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. michael.adams@unibas.ch
Background: The common water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alismataceae) was used in the 16th and 17th centuries in
Central Europe to treat Plasmodium vivax malaria (tertian fever). The Renaissance herbals by Bock (1532), Brunfels (1532), Mathioli
(1560) and Zwinger (1696) described the internal use of its tubers to treat this disease (1). In a recent screen of such remedies an
EtOAc extract of A. plantago-aquatica was active against Plasmodium falciparum.
Objectives: To identify antiplasmodial constituents in the active extract.
Methods: With analytical scale time-based HPLC separation and testing of one-minute fractions in combination with HPLC hyphe-
nated methods (HPLC-PDA, -MSn, HR-MS, off line microprobe NMR) the active substances were identified as acetylated damma-
rane triterpenes. Seven of these compounds were isolated. Structure elucidation was achieved by extensive 1H and 13C NMR.
Results and conclusions: The dammaranes had IC50 ranging from 3.3 to 7.0 µM. This study shows that European Renaissance
herbals could be a promising source of new antiprotozoal agents. HPLC based activity profiling is an efficient tool to quickly identify
active constituents in complex mixtures. This is the first report of antiplasmodial activity of this triterpenoid class, and the first
result of our ongoing project of screening for antiprotozoal natural products from remedies described in European Renaissance
medicine.
Keywords: Renaissance herbals, malaria, Plasmodium, dammarane triterpene.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 121
ISE3-P09 The essential oil of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis R. Morales (Lamiaceae) in his limit of western
distribution in the Iberian Peninsula
J. Blanco a, T. Ruiz b, F.M. Vázquez a, M.J. Pérez-Alonso c, M.A. Cases d
a
Grupo Habitat, La Orden-Valdesequera, Junta de Extremadura. 06800 Mérida, Spain. b Universidad de Extremadura. 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
c
Universidad Complutense 28071 Madrid, Spain. d INIA, km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Background:Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis R. Morales is endemic of S Spain and N Africa (1, 2). Its essential oil has been studied in
Africa (3, 4) and SE Spain (5-9).
Objectives: We have studied the essential oil of this taxon from SW populations and compared the results with the populations
analyzed up to the date (SE Spain and N Africa).
Methods: Plant material.- Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis was gathered for 3 years in the flowering state in a wild population
(Badajoz, Spain, 29SPD70). Oil isolation, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and qualitative analyses.-
according to the method 10.
Results and conclusions: The studied population had a composition different to those published before from the aforementioned
geographical areas. It had as principal components thymol (72.8-40.7%), p-cymene (22.9-8.0%) and γ-terpinene (12.9-9.6%). Thymol
values are the highest percentages known, and due to the great applied interest of this component, our population might be of high
value in order to be domesticated for cultivation, as it has been already done in the similar cases of the Th. zygis s.l. complex 11.
Keywords: Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis, essential oil, chemosystematics, Iberian Peninsula.
Acknowledgments: INIA (RF00-019-C2-2) and J. Sanz (C.S.I.C.).
References: 1. Blanco, J. et al. Folia Bot. Extrem. 2007; 1: 27-53. 2. Morales R. Flora Ibérica. 2010; 12: 349-409. 3. Richard, H. et al.
Lebensm. Wiss. u. Technol. 1985; 18: 105-110. 4. Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. et al. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1993; 5: 45-53. 5. Mateo, C. et al. 1978 Riv.
Italiana, E.P.P.O.S. 1978; 11: 621-627. 6. Morales, R. Taxonomía de los géneros Thymus y Thymbra en la Península Ibérica. Madrid: Ruizia;
1986. 7. Sáez, F. Phytochemistry. 1995; 40: 819-825. 8. Sánchez et al. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1995; 7: 399-402. 9. Sotomayor J. A. et al. J. Agric.
Food Chem. 2004; 52: 5418-5424. 10. Blanco et al. Acta Bot. Gallica. 2010; 157: 55-63. 11. Jordán M. J. et al. Ind. Crops. Prod. 2009 ;29:
145-153.
ISE3-P10 From traditional remedies to modern medicines – phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of
Figs: a reverse pharmacology journey
S.C. Mandal
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
Background: Ficus racemosa and Ficus hispida leaves are the most traditionally used plants against diabetes and inflammations
particularly in the rural areas of West Bengal, India.
Objectives: The main objective of the work was to validate traditional claims and lay down standard protoclos for establishing the
purity of the material, identification of adulaterants and substitues and quality control aspects through identification of biomarkers
leading to better global acceptance.
Methods: Antdiabetic assay (0.2 g/kg, p.o.) was performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and anti-inflammatory activity
(0.2 g/kg, p.o.) was evaluated by acute (carrageenan-and dextran-induced rat paw edema) and chronic (cotton pellet granuloma)
assays. Two pure compounds namely lupeol acetate and β-amyrin were isolated form F. racemosa and F. hispida.
Results and conclusions: F. racemosa and F. hispida leaves demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity in terms of reduction
of fasting blood glucose level with a maximum reduction of 42.6 (p < 0.001) and 38.3 % (p < 0.001) respectively and comparable to
glibenclamide (0.001 g/kg, p.o.). In anti-inflammatory studies F. racemosa exhibited significant inhibition of carrageenan (30.4 %,
p < 0.001) and dextran- (28.5 %, p < 0.01) induced paw edema and the activity was found superior than F. hispida (18.6% and 15.4
% (p < 0.05) inhibition in respective models). Significant activity (p < 0.01) was found in the cotton pellet granuloma assay for both
extracts. Lupeol acetate (0.03 g/kg (p.o.) possessed better anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords: F. racemosa; F. hispida; antdiabetic assay; β-amyrin; lupeol acetate; anti-inflammatory.
Acknowledgments: The financial support and research infrastructure provided by Jadavpur University is greatly acknowledged
References: 1. Mandal et al. J. Ethnopharmacol 2000. 72: 87-92. 2. Chattopadhyay et al. J. Ethnopharmacol 1999. 67: 367-372.
122 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P13 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used as spicy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material
in hotpot
Menghua Wu, Zhong-Zhen Zhao, Hu-Biao Cheng
Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Background: Foreign spices have enriched Chinese diet culture especially the hotpot culture. But there was no clear market
investigation or historical review. This is the first study of medicinal plants used as spicy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material
in hotpot.
Objectives: This investigation was to collect data from Chinese herbal medicines and spices markets, cultivation sites and res-
taurants in China. It also documented valuable information from historical record about how the foreign spices have became the
Traditional Chinese Medicines and were used as spices in Chinese diet.
Methods: Data was obtained by using semi-structured forms to record the interviewee’s personal information and topics related
to the medicinal plants used in hotpot. A total of about 50 medicinal plants that are commonly used in hotpot were collected from
selected Chinese herbal medicines wholesalers, spices retailers and hotpot cooks. The historical record and literature concerning
spicy and aromatic Chinese medicinal material were also reviewed.
Results and conclusions: The results demonstrated that about 20 out of the 50 studied medicinal plants were the most popular
spices used in hotpot. Majority of them processed spicy tastes and aromatic smells, and also provided special flavors, stimulating
sense, or enhanced colors. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, most of them were warm in nature. Among the 50
medicinal plants, more than half of them were not native in China but foreign spices imported from ancient Southeast Asia, West
Asia or other countries.
Keywords: Spicy and aromatic material; Medicinal plants; Hotpot; Ethnobotany; Foreign spices.
References: 1. Zhao Zhongzhen, Xiao Peigen. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Shanghai, China: Shanghai World Publishing Corporation,
2010.
ISE3-P14 From the Araucaria araucana resin to new gastroprotective compounds by selective semisynthesis
G. Schmeda-Hirschmann a, C.Theoduloz b
a
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
b
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 20, Santiago, Chile.
Background: The resin of Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch (Araucariaceae) was used to treat ulcers by the Mapuche Amerin-
dians. Labdane diterpenes are the active constituents of the resin and present gastroprotective activity.
Objectives: To determine structure-activity relationships of semisynthetic labdane derivatives with gastroprotective effect and to
assess the cytotoxicity of the compounds.
Methods: Some 10 naturally occurring diterpenes were isolated from the resin and 90 semisynthetic derivatives were prepared.
They included different oxidation patterns at C-15 and C-19, amides with aromatic amines and aminoacids (both at C-19, C-15 and
C-15,19) and hybrid molecules with naphthoquinones. The gastroprotective effect of the compounds was determined in mice and
cytotoxicity was measured on MRC-5 fibroblasts and gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells.
Results and conclusions: In dose-response studies at a single oral dose, the main resin diterpenes reduced gastric lesions by
50% at 100 mg/kg. Structural modification led first to derivatives displaying similar effect at 25 mg/kg while hybrid molecules
presented a strong activity at 5 mg/kg. The cytotoxicity was also modulated affording compounds with very low cell toxicity and
some with selective effect towards the selected cell lines. The study shows how starting from the ethnopharmacological approach,
new analogues with better bioactivity can be obtained by functional groups modification of the main crude drug constituents.
Keywords: Araucaria araucana, labdane diterpene derivatives, semisynthesis, gastroprotective effect, cytotoxicity.
Acknowledgments: Financial support by FONDECYT Project 1085306 and Programa de Productos Bioactivos, Universidad de Talca, is kindly
acknowledged.
124 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P15 Photodynamic inactivation of yeast and bacteria by extracts from Alternanthera brasiliana (Ama-
ranthaceae)
N.L. Andreazza a, C.C. de Lourenço a, T.F. Lapinski b, A. Gasparetto b, S.R. Zamuner c, S. Khouri c, E. Munin d, M.J. Salvador a
a
UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; b UNOCHAPECÓ, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; c UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; d UNICASTELO, São José
dos Campos, SP, Brazil, nathilu@gmail.com
Photodynamic therapy involves the administration of a photosensitizer that is activated in the presence of light and oxygen, resulting the
formation of reactive oxygen species that can induce pathogenic microorganism death. This study was under taken to evaluate the effect
of Alternathera brasiliana extracts in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) on the viability of yeast and bacteria. Crude hexane
and ethanol extracts of A. brasiliana obtained, presented absorption at 650-700 nm. The extracts ability to produce singlete oxygen was
measured by 1,3DPBF scavenger method. For bioassays, each extract were tested against Staphylococcus aureus 14458, Staphylococcus
epidermidis 12228 or Candida dubliniensis 778157 and 777 (107 CFU/mL) in a 96-well microtiter plate. The irradiation was with a 685 nm
diode laser with an output power of 35 mW, which was distributed through the well cross section yielding an energy dosage of 28 J/cm2.
For each sample, the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was obtained, and data were analyzed by the Tukey test. The
results suggest inhibition of the growth of all microorganisms tested when irradiated with laser in the presence of both extracts as photo-
sensitizers. Neither just laser irradiation nor crude extracts significantly reduced the number of CFU/mL. At photoactivity assay the 1,3DPBF
photodegradation was highly enhanced in the presence of both extracts indicating singlet oxygen production. Steroids, triterpenes, and
flavonoids were identified in extracts by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. In conclusion, photoactivation of crude hexane
and ethanol extracts of A. brasiliana by red laser radiation 685 nm promoted an antimicrobial effect, showing that these natural products
can be used as photosensitizers. However, further investigations are necessary to confirm the potential power that these natural products
offer as real and useful in vivo application in PACT.
Keywords: Photodynamic therapy, photosensitizers, antimicrobial, Amaranthaceae.
ISE3-P16 Pharmacological properties of Anagallis arvensis and Anagallis foemina traditionally used as
wound healing remedies
V. López a, A.K. Jäger b, S. Akerreta c, R.Y. Cavero c, M.I. Calvo c
a
Faculty of Health Sciences, San Jorge University, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca km.510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego-Zaragoza, Spain.
ilopez@usj.es. b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. c School
of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Background: Anagallis arvensis L. and Anagallis foemina Mill. (Primulaceae) are traditionally used in Navarra (Spain) for derma-
tological purposes regarding wound healing properties (1, 2). In some cases they are also used to treat internal infections although
they are known to be toxic at high doses.
Objectives: Due to lack of studies we decided to evaluate antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of both species
using in vitro procedures.
Methods: Antimicrobial effects were studied against four bacteria and one fungus. Cytotoxicity was determined in PC12 and DHD/
K12PROb cells by MTT and LDH assays. Anti-inflammatory properties in terms of COX-1 and -2 inhibition as well as free radical
scavenging methods.
Results and conclusions: Both species exerted antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. The methanolic extract
obtained from A. arvensis produced the highest inhibition in Candida albicans (MIC = 0.31 mg/mL) and in cell growth. COX-1 and
-2 activity was also stronger for methanolic extracts while the aqueous were revealed as better free radical scavengers. The study
reveals that both species posses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities related to their etnomedicinal uses and cytotoxicity
that may explain the toxic effects traditionally described.
Keywords: Anagallis arvensis, Anagallis foemina, Primulaceae, traditional medicine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory.
Acknowledgments: San Jorge University and University of Navarra Foundation and are thanked for financial support.
References: 1. López V. et al. Pharm Biol 2008, 46:602-609. 2. Akerreta, S. et al. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2007, 3:16.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 125
ISE3-P17 Effect of jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid on tropan alkaloids production by Atropa
belladonna L transformed with the rolB gene
A. Eskandari Samet a, Kh. Piri b,*, M. Kayhanfar b, T. Hasanloo c
a
MA Student Department of Biotechnology - Faculty of Agriculture - Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. b Associate Professor De-
partment of Biotechnology - Department of Agriculture - Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Khosro Piri, khpiri@gmail.com. c Assistant
Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Reseacher Institute, Karaj, Iran.
Background: Hyoscyamine and scopolamine are the two most common tropane alkaloids found in the Solanaceae, and many
plants containing these alkaloids have been used for their medicinal, hallucinogenic, and poisonous properties. Atropa belladonna
L. (Solanaceae) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the world and contains tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopo-
lamine. Hairy root cultures of Atropa belladonna L. produce the tropane alkaloids scopolamine and hyoscyamine.
Objectives: The effects of some abiotic elicitors such as jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid on hyoscyamine and
scopolamine production by hairy root cultures of Atropa belladonna were studied.
Methods: Jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid were tested at different concentrations (0,25,50,75,100µM for Jasmonic
acids, 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg for yeast extract and 0, 250, 500 nad 1000 µM for salicylic acid). Hairy roots of 21-day old cultures
were exposed to these elicitors for 48 hours.
Results and conclusions: At low concentrations as 25 µM 250 mg and 250 µM, jasmonic acids, yeast extract and salicylic acid
increased the content of root scopolamine 2/1, 1/9 and 1/6 and hyoscyamine 2, 1.6 and 1.3–fold in comparison with control root,
respectively. The highest hyosyamine (6.96 mg/gr dw) and scopolamine (1.42 mg/gr dw) accumulation were obtained in cultures
treated with 50 µM jasmonic acids, whatever in control hairy root cultures were 3.3 mg/gr dw and 0.67 mg/gr dw, respectively.
In conclusion, the protocol presented here can be used for the production of these medicinally important tropane alkaloids by the
pharmaceutical industry, subject to economic considerations.
Keywords: Atropa belladonna, Hairy root, Tropane alkaloids, Jasmonic acids, Yeast extract and salicylic acid.
References: 1. Wink, M.. A short history of alkaloids. Plenum Press, New York, pp.11–44.(1998). 2. Kamada, H. Okamura, N. Satake, M.
Harada, H. Shimomura, K. (1986). Plant Cell Rep.5:139-242. 3. Ahungla,L.. Patil.,P.P. Barmukh,R.B. and Nikam,T.D.(2009). Indain Journal of
Biotechnology.8:317-322.
ISE3-P18 Ethnopharmacological screening of South African medicinal plants and HPLC based activity pro-
filing for antiprotozoal leads
Y. Hata a,c, T. Julianti a, T. Mokoka b, N. Moodley b, S. Zimmermann a,d, M. Adams a, R. Brun d, M. Kaiser d, M. Hamburger a
a
Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
b
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
c
Department of Pharmacy, National University of Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
d
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Background: Diseases caused by protozoa are widespread in Southern Africa and there is a long tradition of using herbal rem-
edies for their treatment (1).
Objectives: To screen plants traditionally used to treat protozoal infections against the parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Try-
panosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani and to identify their active constituents by HPLC based
activity profiling.
Methods: 107 plants were screened. To identify antiprotozoal peaks in active extracts, 350 µg were fractionated by HPLC into 32
one-minute fractions in a fully automated 96 well microfractionation scheme (2), and microfractions were tested. HPLC hyphenated
methods (MS, UV, ELSD, HRMS and offline LC-NMR) helped identify active substances online.
Results and conclusions: From the screened library, 102 (34.0%) exhibited more than 50% growth inhibition of one of the
parasites at the concentration of 9.7 µg/mL and were thus active. P. falciparum against which 72 plant extracts (24.0%) showed
activity was the most susceptible parasite, followed by L. donovani (49, 16.3%) and T. b. rhodesiense (36, 12.0%), with T. cruzi (0).
Keywords: Anti-parasitic diseases, HPLC-profiling, South African plants.
References: 1. Pylla, B. (2008) J Ethnopharmacol, 119:438-454. 2. Adams M. et al. (2009) Nat Prod Comm., 10:1377-8.
126 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P23 The effects of Lonicera caerulea berry consumption on the antioxidative status of healthy human
volunteers in a one week intervention study
J. Ulrichova, J. Heinrich, I. Palíková, V. Simanek
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Background: Consumption of fruit with a high content of color pigment is associated with a decreased risk of CVD. This has been
ascribed in part to antioxidants which inactivate the reactive oxygen species underlying CVD.
Objectives: To study whether 7 day consumption of the anthocyanin-rich L. caerulea berries alters oxidative stress markers in
blood.
Methods: Ten healthy volunteers (female/male aged 20-60 y) consumed 165 g/day fresh berries (500 mg/day anthocyanins) for
one week. The phenolic acids, quercetine and anthocyanines were determined in berries and plasma/urine by HPLC-MS. Total
antioxidative capacity, plasma oxidative stress and clinical chemistry safety markers were measured.
Results and conclusions: The levels of hippuric acid and several phenolic acids were significantly increased in plasma and urine
of all subjects (p<0.05) but the anthocyanin concentration was under the detection threshold. The berries were well tolerated, but
failed to improve the antioxidative status in volunteers.
Keywords: Lonicera caerulea, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, clinical chemistry markers.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the grant MSM 6198959216.
References: Palíková, I. et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56: 11883-11889.
ISE3-P24 Chemical and anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract from Pimenta racemosa var. tere-
binthina a Caribbean medicinal plant.
M.T. Saenz, M.A. Fernández, A. Quilez, M.D. García
Depart. Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville (Spain). Profesor Garcia Gonzalez,2, 41012-Seville, Spain)
Background: The genus Pimenta (Myrtaceae) is widely represented in the Caribbean region and includes a large number of spe-
cies which are traditionally used in local folk medicine. P. racemosa var. terebinthina is commonly known in the caribbean basin as
"canelilla" and it distribution is limited to the Samaná peninsula (Dominican Republic).
Objectives: to research the chemical composition of the methanol extract of P. racemosa var. terebinthina and to evaluate the
anti-inflammatory activity of this extract on two different acute inflammation experimental models.
Methods: The methanol extract was analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods (TLC, GC , MS, NMR). The anti-
inflammatory activity has been evaluated using two experimental models: paw edema in rats, with carrageenan as phlogogen
agent, and ear edema in mice, inducing the inflammation with TPA. Myeloperoxidase activity was also assayed as an indicator of
leukocytary migration in the inflamed ears.
Results and conclusions: Fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, stearic, and cerotic) diterpenes (abietic and dehydroabietic acids) triterpenes
(α- and β-amyrin and lupeol), sterols (α- and β-sitosterol and (24S)-5α-stigmast-7-en-3β-ol) and squalene were isolated. Results showed
that P. racemosa var. terebinthina is effective against acute inflammation processes, by oral route and when was topically applied. The
MPO activity was strongly reduced and this indicates that the extract has strong effects on the neutrophil migration.The results provide a
scientific basis for the utilization of this species in the folk medicine by the treatment of acute anti-inflammatory processe.
Keywords: P. racemosa var. terebinthina, terpenes, sterols, fatty acids, inflammation.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 129
ISE3-P27 Cloning and allergenic reactivity of two minor saffron allergens rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02
L. Gómez-Gómez a, F. Feo-Brito b, A. Rubio-Moraga a, A. Trapero-Mozos a, A. Prieto c, O. Botella-Miralles a, O. Ahrazem a
a
Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-
La-Mancha, Albacete, Spain. b Servicio de Alergia, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain. c Departamento de Biología
Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
Background: Food allergies affect 6% of young children and 3-4% of adults in westernized countries. Spices are commonly used
in cooking in order to add flavour, odour and visual appeal to food. According to the United States Code of Federal Regulations,
most spices are recognized as safe for human consumption, although spices considered toxic may provoke allergic reactions, rang-
ing from mild and local to severe systemic. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are relevant allergens, recently proposed as model plant
allergens from fruit, vegetables, seeds and pollens. No LTP spice allergen has been characterized to date.
Objectives: To identify and isolate saffron LTPs and to explore their relevance in saffron allergy.
Methods: Six patients with positive skin prick test (SPT) to saffron extract were selected. Two recombinant LTPs from saffron were
isolated, cloned into pPIC9 and produced in Pichia pastoris. IgE Immunodetection and ELISA assays were performed with the two
purified allergens and with the major fruit peach LTP allergen Pru p 3.
Results and conclusions: Full cDNA corresponding to two saffron LTP variants were isolated and expressed in P. pastoris. The
molecular size of rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02 was 9150Da and 9550Da, respectively. Both proteins were recognised by anti-Pru
p 3 antibodies. Specific IgE to the purified allergens was found in 50% for rCro s 3.01 and 33% for rCro s 3.02 and Pru p 3 in the
saffron-allergic patients.
rCro s 3.01 and rCro s 3.02 are minor saffron allergens, with this report being the first on the involvement of LTPs in spice allergy.
In addition, two allergenic members of the LTP family with a limited amino acid sequence identity (under 50%) have been found
in a single plant source. Interestingly, ELISA tests showed cross-reactivity between Pru p 3 and the LTPs isolated from saffron.
ISE3-P30 In vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicological evaluation of a leaf ethanolic extract of Diospyros
villosa
G. da Silva, J. Cirera, J. Rocha, R. Serrano, E.T. Gomes, B. Sepodes, A. Duarte, O. Silva
iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal.
Background: Diospyros villosa (L.) De Winter (Ebenaceae) is an African scandent shrub or small straggling tree naturally occur-
ring in Mozambique and commonly known as hairy star-apple. Traditional medicine practitioners use bruised leaves of D. villosa
laid over painful spots for up to an hour as a counter irritant to any kind of fixed internal pain and vesicant effects were previously
reported. (1)
Objectives: This study aims simultaneously at the in vitro antimicrobial activity and the in vivo toxicological evaluation of a D.
villosa leaf ethanolic extract.
Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of this extract were determined against Candida albicans ATCC 10231,
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 43062, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Micrococcus luteus ATCC
10240 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Acute and repeated dose toxicities of these extracts were also determined in CD-6
adult male mice. Serum levels of biomarkers, such as ALT, AST, LDH, CK-MB and creatinine were measured.
Results and conclusions: In the range of tested concentrations (19.5 to 312.5 µg/mL) the extract has shown antimicrobial activity
against C. albicans, E. coli, E. faecalis and M. luteus. The most susceptible microorganism was M. luteus (MIC=19.5 µg/mL). The
toxicological evaluation revealed some renal and hepatic toxicity.
Keywords: Diospyros villosa; Antimicrobial activity; Toxicological evaluation; Ethnopharmacology.
References: 1. Bryant AT. Zulu Medicine and Medicine-Men. Cape Town: C. Struik, 1966.
132 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P32 New compound of Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa, as inhibitor of nitric oxide
L. Apaza, L.M. Bedoya, E. Fernandes, M.J. Abad, P. Bermejo
Pharmacology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Background: A body of evidence suggests that Nitric Oxide (NO) is involved in various pathophysiological processes including
inflammation (1). The genus Artemisia is an interesting group of plants for application in different pathologies, including inflamma-
tory diseases.
Objectives: In our search of anti-inflammatory agents from natural sources, the aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro
anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa, with a parallel chromatographic fractionation
monitoring this activity.
Methods: A chromatographic fractionation was performed through a column of medium pressure and Flash silica column. IR,
NMR, MS, was used for the structural elucidation Mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
were used to test NO activity.
Results and conclusions: Parallel bioguided-chromatographic fractionation of dichloromethane extract of A. campestris subsp.
glutinosa, allowed us to isolate compound 1. According to the IR, MS and NMR spectra, compound 1 corresponds to an aromatic
heterocyclic with a molecular weight of 530 containing a heteroatom. The extract, fractions and the isolated compound showed
marked activity as inhibitors of NO, released from LPS stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages (95% of inhibition at 10 mM).
Keywords: Artemisia, Inflammation, NO.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e Investigación Científica del MAEC/AECID
(Acción Integrada D/011447/07 y D/020523/08)
References: 1. Aktan. Life Sci. 2004, 75: 639-53.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 133
ISE3-P33 Potential antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors from leaf extracts of Zanthoxylum spp.
S.J. Hwang a, Sang Mi Han b, Suk Cheon Pak c
a
Chonnam National University, College of Natural Sciences, Dept. of Biology, Gwang-ju 500-757 S.Korea
b
National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-400, S. Korea
c
School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bat, Australia
Background: Zanthoxylum is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family,
Rutaceae, native to warm temperature and subtropical areas worldwide. The genus Zanthoxylum has been credieted with a long
list of ethnompharmacological properties.
Objectives: In the present study, in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties of extracts of Zanthoxylum piperitum and
Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaves extracts were evaluated using various assays.
Methods: Z. piperitum and Z. schinifolium leaves harvested at the mature green stage were collected at Baek-un Mt. Chollanam-
do, S. Korea in August 2009. The extracts of Z. piperitum and Z. schinifolium leaves using methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethy
acetate or butanol as solvents were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. The anti-
tyrosinase and anti-oxidant potentials were determined by in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay and the free radical scaening
activity methods.
Results: Both of these results showed the strong inhibition abilities at a dosage of 100.0 µg/mL. Particularly, higher activity was
exhibited by Z. piperitum with 92.8% and 80.1% inhibition of butanol and ethyl acetate extracts, while 78.2% and 57.8% inhibi-
tions by Z. schinifolium respectively. However, both butanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavening activity than the cor-
responding methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. In addition, extracts of Z. piperitum leaves showed more
potent anti-tyrosinase activity than Z. schinifolium leaves. Anti-microbial activities against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria demon-
strated good inhibition at 34.8 - 43.6 µg/mL. These results obtained from biological assays showed that extracts of Z. piperitum and
Z. schinifolium leaves possessed multiple bioactivities, including anti-tyrosinase, anti-oxidants, anti-microorganism and cell prolif-
eration. The data exhibited the high potential of applying extracts of Z. piperitum and Z. schinifolium leaves in cosmoceutical lines.
Keywords: Z. piperitum, Z. schinifolium, antioxidants, tyrosinase, antimicrobial activity.
Acknowledgements: This work was financially supported by grant no 70004555 from The Ministry of Knowledge and Economy.
References: 1. Wang K. H. et al.: J. Ethnopharm. 2006, 106, 353-359. 2. Brown D.W. et al.: J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2001, 63, 148-161.
3. McChesney J.D. et al. Phytochemistry, 2007, 68, 2015-2022.
ISE3-P34 Antimicrobial activity of Panda oleosa Pierre stem bark against oral microorganisms
G. Brusotti a, b, I. Cesari a,b, P. Grisoli c, C. Dacarro b, c, G. Caccialanza a, b
a
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy, b Center for Studies and Researches in
Ethnopharmacy (C.I.St.R.E.), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy,c Department of Experimental and Applied Pharmacol-
ogy, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Background: As part of our contribution to phytochemical and biological survey and to validation of traditional uses of pygmies
Baka medicinal plants (1), we report herein the study on of Panda oleosa stem bark as a remedy for oral cavity affection.
Objectives: Validation of the traditional use of P. oleosa stem bark through the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against
oral cavity bacteria.
Methods: Colourimetric assays, Spectrophotometric analyses, Sephadex LH-20 column (2).
Results and conclusions: According to the in vitro bioassay-guided results the antimicrobial properties of P. oleosa stem bark
extracts have been demonstrated. Methanol is probably the best solvent for the extraction of bioactive compounds against oral
Streptococci; however, all the extracts showed a significant activity, included a decoction in water, prepared following the pygmies
original procedure. Preliminary qualitative analyses performed on the most active extract highlighted the presence of phenolic
compounds, particularly condensed tannins. In order to isolate condensed tannins the methanol crude extract was chromato-
graphed over Sephadex LH-20 coloumn and two different fractions were collected. The tannin fraction exhibited a pronounced
antimicrobial activity (Minimal inhibitory Concentration <200 µg/mL), while the non-tannins fraction resulted inactive against oral
microorganisms. Data obtained suggest that tannins could be the chemical family responsible for the biological activity observed.
Keywords: Panda oleosa bark extract (Hook.f.) Brenan, tannins fraction, pygmies traditional medicine.
References: 1. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Oct 30;120(1):13-6. 2 Hagerman A.E. Tannin Handbook, Ed. Miami University, Ohio, 1995.
134 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P36 Comparative study on monosaccharide compositions between Astragalus polysaccharide and He-
dysarum polysaccharide by precolumn derivation HPLC
J. Liu, S.K. Yung, H.B. Chen, Z.Z. Zhao, T. Yi
Hong Kong Baptist University, 5 Baptist University Road, KLN, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Background: Radix Astragali (RA), is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao
(MGHQ) or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (MJHQ), whereas Radix Hedysari (RH) is the dried root of Hedysarum polybotrys
Hand.-Mazz. Both RA and RH are claimed to be useful to benefit the deficiency of "Qi" (the vital energy). Generally, RA is more
frequently used in China than RH. However, in northwest China and Taiwan, RH is still widely used in clinical practice rather than
RA. Polysaccharides are reported to be the activity constituents in both RA and RH in recent years.
Objectives: To develop a precolumn derivation HPLC method to simultaneously separate and identify the monosaccharide compo-
sitions of polysaccharides in order to compare the monosaccharide compositions in RA and RH polysaccharides.
Methods: Polysaccharides were isolated by water extraction-alcohol precipitation. They were hydrolyzed by trifluoroacetic acid
into monosaccharides and then labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). The labeled monosaccharides derivatives
were separated by a reverse phase C-18 column and monitored by UV absorbance at 245 nm. The composition analysis of mon-
osaccharides could be achieved by using a set of monosaccharide standards.
Results and conclusions: The results demonstrated that the precolumn derivation HPLC method was precise and practice for the
analysis of polysaccharides. The ratios of arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in the MGHQ,
MJHQ and RH were respectively 2.72: 7.65: 5.88: 206.64: 1: 5.49, 1.54: 9: 6.7: 311.43: 1: 9.21 and 2.01: 6.8: 3.31: 102.6: 1: 3.05.
Keywords: Radix Astragali, Radix Hedysari, polysaccharides, HPLC, precolumn derivation.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 135
ISE3-P37 An integrated approach to ethnomedicinal research. A case study with an Australian aboriginal
community
J. Packer a, J. Gaikwad a, D. Harrington a, S. Ranganathan a, S. Vemulpad a, J. Jamie a, Yaegl Community Elders b
a
Indigenous Bioresources Research Group, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, Australia. b Yaegl Local Aboriginal Land
Council, Hillcrest, 2463, Maclean, Australia.
Collaborations with Indigenous medicinal knowledge holders can be an invaluable tool for ethnomedicinal research, benefitting all
members of the partnership. Anecdotal evidence of traditional remedies can assist scientists in targeting bioactive plants. Com-
munities can benefit from discoveries linked to this knowledge and having this information documented as a perpetual resource
for future generations.
The objectives of this project are to evaluate the bioactive potential of traditional remedies used by the Yaegl Aboriginal com-
munity in northern New South Wales, Australia, and document this valuable and dying resource. Best ethical practices underpin
our integrated methodology.
Interviews with community Elders were guided by questionnaires specifically devised for this project and selected plants were
tested for their antibacterial potential based on their customary use. Ongoing in-kind support is provided in the form of resource
materials to the community, as well as educational activities with local (including many indigenous) high school students, providing
leadership and higher education opportunities.
17 community Elders discussed the use of 56 plants, 42 with a reported medicinal use. This information has been consolidated into
a database (www.biolinfo.org/cmkb) with exclusive access to the community, as well as in the form of a booklet co-authored with
the Elders. Antibacterial screening of customary preparations and ethanol extracts of plants has revealed activity in six of the 19
plants tested. This integrated approach to ethnomedicinal research has proved valuable to all involved.
Keywords: Australia, Aboriginal, Indigenous, education, antibacterial, benefit sharing, Ethnomedicine, screening, documentation.
ISE3-P38 Benzophenones from the roots of the Popoluca Amerindian medicinal plant Securidaca diversifo-
lia (L.) S.F. Blake
L. Casu a, M.N. Solinas a, A.R. Saba a, F. Cottiglia a, P. Caboni b, C. Floris c, S. Laconi d, R. Pompei d, M. Leonti a
a
Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
b
Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università di Cagliari, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy. c Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy. d Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecno-
logie Biomediche. Sezione di Microbiologia Applicata, Università di Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
Background: The Sierra Popoluca in southern Veracruz (Mexico) use a maceration of the root bark of S. diversifolia to treat feve-
rish diseases, inclusive measles.
Objectives: Strengthening the link between biosciences and traditional knowledge through the isolation and in vitro testing of
bioactive compounds from S. diversifolia.
Methods: The structures of the new compounds were established by means of 1D and 2D spectroscopic data and Q-TOF HRMS
analysis. Compounds were evaluated against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and poliovirus Sabin 1 in virus-infected confluent
Hela cell monolayers.
Results and conclusions: Three new benzophenones were described. Of these, only 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-benzophenone
showed selective activity against HSV-1 with an IC50 of 4 μg/mL and a protection index of 16 (with respect to toxicity towards Hela
cells).
Keywords: Securidaca diversifolia, Polygalaceae, Benzophenones, Antiviral activity, Herpes
Acknowledgements: We are especially grateful to the Popoluca community of the Sierra Santa Marta (Veracruz, Mexico) for sharing their
knowledge.
136 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P39 Therapeutic properties of Indigo, alkaloids derived from Indigofera truxillensis Kunth in classic
models of inflammation
R.J. Dunder, E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, L.P. Manzo, C. Takayama, A.C.A. Almeida, F.M. De Faria, A.R.M. Souza-Brito.
Department of Pharmacology UNICAMP, Campinas- SP- Brazil CEP 13084-971. ricardo.dunder@terra.com.br
Inflammation is an important response of the immune system against pathogens, or tissue injury. Interestingly, several of its
events, such as cellular infiltration can cause tissue damage. NSAIDS cause side effects, in this context etnopharmacological
studies suggest the use of some compounds with antiinflammatory properties. In this study, Indigo alkaloids derived from Indigo-
fera truxilensis Kunth was evaluated in acute and chronic models of Inflammation. For acute inflammatory tests UNIB: WH rats
and UNIB: SW mice were separated, receiving Indigo doses of 1,5; 3,0 and 6,0 mg/kg, the negative control received saline (0,9%)
and the positive control indomethacin (INDO- 5mg/kg). In chronic tests, Dexamethasone (DEXA - 0,5mg/kg) was used as positive
control. On xylene ear model, 1 hour after receiving the drug (20µl of xylene), the mice were euthanized and an 8 mm diameter
section was removed from both ears and then weighted, and the differences in weights between the right and left ear discs were
recorded as the edema. Hind paw edema: groups of rats received carrageenan (0,2 mL of 500 µg/mL) on sub plantar left hind paw.
The swelling was evaluated at four intervals of 1 hour after stimulus using a Plethysmometer. Granuloma cotton pellet model:
rats were anaesthetized and incision made on the dorsal surface. A sterilized cotton pellet (20mg) was implanted. The drugs were
administered daily (1–7 days). On the 8 th day, the rats were sacrificed and pellets were dissected, weighed, dried at 70°C and the
dry weights were determined and percentage of inhibition. ANOVA, followed Tukey. These results show that Indigo at three doses
inhibit edema formation on both models of acute inflammation (30; 69,7 and 32% respectively), for ear edema the positive control
inhibited the edema by INDO 64,6%, on hind paw edema, the alkaloids reduced swelling by (54; 64,4; 64,4 %) respectively, INDO
showed 52,7% of inhibition. Indigo reduced cellular infiltration on granuloma cotton pellet model; by 54; 63,5; and 53%, DEXA
reduced infiltration by 77%. The results showed that Indigo alkaloids have anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic models.
ISE3-P42 Plants used to treat genito-urinary system disorders in a rural community in the zona da Mata of
Minas Gerais, Brazil
C.W. Kffuri, F. Chechetto, L.C. Ming
Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Facultade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental
Lageado - Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Caiza Postal 237, CEP 18610-207 Botucatu – Brasil.
Background: Minas Gerais stands out as the Brazilian state with the largest losses in native vegetation, including medicinal
plants. The destruction of vegetation has also brought the loss of traditional knowledge about the therapeutic properties of plants.
Objectives: Analyze the ethnopharmacological characteristics in community of Senador Firmino.
Methods: Fieldwork was conducted from October 2007 and April 2008 in the municipality of Senador Firmino in the Zona da Mata
of Minas Gerais. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted with 20 informants in the rural municipal-
ity to do research on medicinal plants used in the region. The informants were identified by the method "snowball".
Results and conclusions: We recorded 130 species of plants used in traditional medicine, whose 24 species were indicated
for the treatment genito-urinary disorders, belonging to 22 families. As for the biogeographical distribution of species 66.6% are
native and 33.4% are exotic. The indications cited were: kidney, ovary, bladder, diuretic, diseases of sex, testicles, kidney stones,
menstrual problems, postpartum, menopause, inflammation of the bladder channel and Infection of female reproductive tract. The
plant parts most used were the leaves, the aerial parts, the whole plant, bark and flowers, and preparation techniques most used
were infusion, syrup, decoction, bath, food. The genera of native species cited were Echinodorus, Schinus, Aristolochia, Jacaranda,
Tournefortia, Cecropia, Tagetes, Stryphnodendron, Bauhinia, Smilax, Cuphea, Boerhavia, Potomorphe, Rubus, Waltheria and Cos-
tus. The people from community know and use the medicinal plants to treat genito-urinary diseases and most of the plants are
native.
Keywords: Traditional knowledge, medicinal plants, genito-urinary system, Minas Gerais.
138 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P43 Proteínas do látex de Calotropis procera modulam a resposta inflamatória na sepse induzida por
Salmonella typhimurium em camundongos
R.S.B. Oliveira b, I.S.T. Figueiredo a, R.S.P. Pinheiro a, L.B.N. Freitas a, E.S. Araújo b, G.A.C. Brito a, J.V. Lima-Filho c, M.V. Ramos b, N.M.N.
Alencar a
a
Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; b Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil.
c
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil. nylane@ufc.br
Contexto: Calotropis procera é uma planta extensivamente utilizada na medicina popular. Diversos estudos descrevem propieda-
des biológicas de moléculas do látex desta planta, como atividades anti-inflamatória, cicatrizante e anti-câncer (1, 2).
Objetivos: Investigar o efeito de uma fração protéica do látex de C. procera (LP) no modelo de sepse induzida por S. typhimurium
em camundongos Swiss.
Métodos: A taxa de sobrevida dos animais (10/grupo) foi avaliada durante sete dias. Migração de neutrófilos (MN) e níveis de
óxido nítrico (NO) foram determinados no sangue e fluido peritoneal dos animais infectados com S. typhimurium (107 CFU/mL;
i.p.), tratados ou não comResultados e conclusões: A inoculação da bactéria provocou quadro séptico severo nos animais com
100% de mortalidade, falência na MN para o foco infeccioso e aumento de NO sanguíneo. LP 30 mg/Kg (dose única; i.p.) preveniu
a morte de 100% dos animais (p<0.05), induziu intensa MN (p<0.05), diminuiu NO no sangue e aumentou no fluido peritoneal dos
animais infectados (p<0.05). Estes resultados sugerem que o efeito protetor de LP neste modelo de sepse parece está relacionado
á modulação da resposta inflamatória via redução na síntese de NO com restauração da MN para o local da infecção.
Palavras - chave: Calotropis procera, latex, proteins, nitric oxide, sepsis.
Agradecimentos: CNPq, FUNCAP, IFS.
Referências: 1. Alencar NMN et al. (2004) Plant Med 70:1144-1149. 2. Choedon T et al. (2006) World J Gastroenterol 12(16):2517-2522.
ISE3-P44 Fraction from Calotropis procera latex shows anti-inflammatory and protective effects in models
of gastric ulcer and intestinal mucositis in mice.
N.M.N. Alencar a, M.V. Ramos b, C.B.H. Osorio a, F.S. Bitencourt a, V.L. Kumar c, R.C.P. Lima-Junior a, J.P. Figueiredo a, P.B. Luz a, S.A. Melo a,
R.A. Ribeiro a
a
Depart. de Fisiologia e Farmacologia- Universidade Federal do Ceará(UFC) Brasil, b Depart. de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-UFC,
c
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi India. nylane@ufc.br
Background: Calotropis procera (CP) is a plant found in Africa, Asia and South America. constitutively produces abundant latex
that is reported to possess bacteriolytic, insecticidal, analgesic, healing on dermal wounds and anti-diarrhea properties
Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of a non-dialised proteic fraction of latex
from CP (LP) in models of gastric ulcer and intestinal mucositis in mice.
Methods: Swiss mice (n = 10) were used. For gastroprotective effects, animals were fasted for 16 h, treated with LP (0.005, 0.5,
50 mg/kg i.v.) or n-acetilcysteine (750 mg/kg i.p.) or saline (Sal i.v.). After 15 min, they received 0.2 mL of ethanol 98% p.o., 35 min
later were sacrified, and ulcer index were meansured. For mucositis model, the animals were treated for 4 days with Sal (i.p.) or
irinotecan (75 mg/Kg, i.p.). LP (5, 10, 20 mg/kg/day, i.v.) was administered for 6 days, 30 min before the irinotecan. On the 7th day,
we evaluated the diarrhea, myeloperoxidase activity (in duodenum, MPO, neutrophils/mg tissue) and total leukocyte count (x103/
mL). Regarding statistics we used ANOVA/Bonferroni’s test or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn. P
Results and conclusions: LP significantly prevented gastric lesion in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg compared to Sal. It did not change
leukopenia induced by irinotecan at doses tested vs group that received only irinotecan but decreased significantly scores for dia-
rrhea and MPO levels only at 5 mg/kg. These findings demonstrate anti-inflammatory and protective activity of LP in both models.
New approaches are being undertaken to elucidate the possible mechanism of action involved
Keywords: Calotropis procera, gastroprotection, mucositis, irinotecan.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 139
ISE3-P45 Estandarización de un extracto, con actividad antimalárica, de Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandw.
(Menispermaceae): Fase I
Y. Hata a, P. Luengas a, L. Arteaga a, R. Pinzón a, P. Palacios b, L.F. Ospina a
a
Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
b
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Amazonía, Amazonas, Colombia.
Antecedentes: Abuta grandifolia es una planta utilizada por los indígenas Siona de la región amazónica colombiana, para el
tratamiento de la malaria (1). En estudios previos se comprobó la existencia de alcaloides bisbencilisoquinolínicos con actividad
antimalárica, en esta especie (2, 3).
Objetivos: Contribuir a la estandarización de un extracto de A. grandifolia mediante el establecimiento del órgano a ser utilizado
como droga, de las mejores condiciones extractivas, de perfiles cromatográficos y de la evaluación de su actividad biológica y
toxicidad.
Métodos: A partir de los tallos, hojas y raíces fueron obtenidos extractos, mediante el empleo de diferentes metodologías. Se
realizaron perfiles cromatográficos (CCD y HPLC), se hizo el seguimiento de la actividad antimalárica mediante el ensayo in vitro
de inhibición del desarrollo de Plasmodium falciparum cepa FCB-2 y se evaluó la toxicidad aguda (método de dosis fijas OECD).
Resultados y conclusiones: Se obtuvieron extractos acusoso, etanólicos y una fracción alcaloidal de cada uno de los órganos
recolectados. La actividad antimalárica más notoria fue obtenida a partir de las fracciones alcaloidales de tallos (IC50 entre 1.41 y
2.59). Ninguno de los extractos presentó toxicidad aguda significativa. Los perfiles cromatográficos mostraron entre 1 y 4 alcaloi-
des, siendo este parámetro proporcional a la actividad antimalárica y dependiente del método de extracción.
Palabras clave: Abuta grandifolia, estandarización de extractos, alcaloides, actividad antimalárica.
Referencias: 1. García, H. Flora Medicinal de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; (1974). 2. Reguero, M. et al. Rev Mex
Cienc Farm (1998); 29: 10-12. 3. Steel, J. et al. Planta Medica (1999); 656: 413-416.
ISE3-P46 Skin protection and skin whitening effects of flowers of Prunus persica var. davidiana
S.C. Shin a, M.Y. Kim b, D.U. Lee a
a
Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University a 707 Seokjang-dong, 780-714, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea. Jeun-Cell Inc. b 538-3 Chunghyo-
dong, 780-020, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
Background: Prunus persica var. davidiana, a wild plant distributed in East Asia, has not yet been reported for its skin protec-
tion and skin whitening effect. We are continuously searching for the bioactive extracts or compounds applicable as functional
cosmetic ingredients from plants.
Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the skin protection and skin whitening effect of the flower extracts
of the titled plant, which would contribute further development of the natural functional cosmetics.
Methods: Inhibitory activity on mushroom tyrosinase, cell viability of B16 murine melanoma, analysis of melanin content, antioxi-
dant effects and human keratinocyte inhibitory action of the extract and fractions of the plant material were investigated.
Results and conclusions: Among the tested samples (crude extract and four fractions), hexane fraction containing an essential
oil strongly inhibited the tyrosinase activity and showed the proper inhibition on melanin biosynthesis of melanoma cell without
cytotoxicity. Moreover, the inhibition of melanin deposition on skin measured by inhibition of B16 murine melanoma cell growth
was as strong as positive control, arbutin. Besides that, the hexane fraction and methylene chloride fraction exhibited anti-lipid
peroxidation, DPPH scavenging activity and SOD activation.
As a result, the above plant may be choosed for further studies for the natural cosmetics.
Keywords: Prunus persica var. davidiana, skin protection, skin whitening, melanoma cell.
Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by SanHak Coporation Program of SMBA in Korea.
References: 1. Kuo-Hsien et al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 106: 353.
140 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P47 Evaluation of the action mechanism of anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil (EO) from Citrus auran-
tium L.
C.A.R.A. Costa, M. Costa
Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, 18618-970, Botucatu, Brasil.
Objectives: We previously demonstrated (1) that the acute treatment with EO was effective in experimental procedures against
generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, in mice. In the present study we investigated the effect of EO after
the blockage of gabaergic (GABA) or serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission systems.
Methods: Adult Swiss male mice (45 days) received vehicle (TW-Tween® 0,01% – 10mL/Kg, p.o.) or Diazepam (DZP – 1mg/Kg, i.p.)
as control groups. To address a possible contribution from the GABA, mice were co-administered EO (5 mg/Kg, p.o.) or DZP 30 min
before the test and with Flumazenil (FLU – 2mg/Kg, i.p.) 15 min before testing. To evaluate the interference from the 5-HT, mice
received WAY100635 (WAY – 0.5 mg/Kg, i.p.) and 15 min afterwards received EO (5 mg/Kg, p.o.) or DZP (1 mg/Kg, i.p). After their
individual treatment, mice were exposed to the Light-Dark Box (LDB) paradigm for recording of classical parameters, presented as
median and interquartile range and compared with Kruskall-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA and post-hoc contrast tests.
Results and conclusions: The time (s) spent in the light side of LDB, the main anxiolytic parameter, was increased by DPZ
[135(108-188)] and EO [96(75-107)] when compared with TW group [49(43-60)]. Increased time due to EO treatment was not re-
versed by FLU [94(72-100)], but was significantly reversed by WAY [63(39-86)], denoting an involvement of serotonergic system in
the anxiolytic-like effect. This effect was not accompanied by locomotor impairment.
Keywords: Anxiety, Citrus aurantium, GABA, serotonin, mechanism of action, mice
Acknowledgments: FAPESP (Process nº 06/07195-8)
References: 1. Pultrini et al., Life Sci 2006, 78:720-1725.
ISE3-P50 Analgesic effect of propolis extract from Zacatecas Mexico: a semi-arid region
M. Galván-Valencia, B.L. García-Macías, G.P. Hernández-Delgadillo, S. Durán-Torres
Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Km 6 Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, México.
So long ago propolis, a bee product, has been used by its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, due to its great
variety of chemical composition, it is necessary to study the variation of pharmacological properties according to its geographic
provenance1. The objective of this work was to evaluate the analgesic activity of a Mexican native propolis and correlating this
to its chemical composition. The propolis sample was collected in Zacatecas (north of Mexico), and the aqueous extract (AE) was
prepared at room temperature for 48 h. In order to investigate the analgesic effect, Balb C male mice were used (20-30 g). The
mice were treated with AE (1.5 to 200 mg kg-1 body weight) by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) 15 min before injection i.p. of 0.6 % acetic
acid saline solution. Afterwards, during 60 min the number of abdominal constrictions was cumulatively counted. AE analgesic
activity was antagonised with Naloxone (0.5 to 3 mg kg-1 i.p.)2. The results are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. and the difference
between the experimental groups was evaluated using analysis of variance followed by a Tukey multiple comparison test. The AE
inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions with an ID50=66 ± 6.7 mg kg-1. The time lag was extended from 5 to 15 and 30
min corresponding to 100 and 200 mg kg-1 doses and the greatest inhibition (95.8 ± 0.63%) was observed at the dose of 200 mg
kg-1. Naloxone blocked the AE analgesic effect , it could means that the endogenous opioid system is involved. The TLC qualitative
analysis of EA revealed a high flavonoids and alkaloids content, and the GC-MS study indicated the presence of a morphine deriva-
tive. The Zacatecas AE propolis had analgesic activity in a chemically-induced abdominal constriction assay model. This activity
could be related to the high amount of flavonoids and alkaloids founded.
Keywords: propolis, analgesic effect, aqueous extract.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by a grant from PIFI 2008-2009 del PRODES de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autó-
noma de Zacatecas, México
References: 1. Vassya B. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 100: 114-117. 2. Niraldo, P. et al. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003, 93:307-313.
142 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P52 The protective effects of propolis ethanol extract on aspirin-induced hepatic inflammation and
necrosis in rat
H.A. González-Ponce a, M. Galván-Valencia a, S.R. Bullón-Alcalá b, S.M. Durán-Torres a
a
Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Km 6 Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, México. b Hospital
General de Zona No. 1, Blvd. José Mª Chávez, Col. Lindavista, 20270, Aguascalientes, México. herson_qfbd@hotmail.com
Background: The incidence of serious hepatic side effects as a consequence of aspirin use (or abuse) is increasing due to the
growing number of patients taking it. Aspirin-hepatic injury is quite variable, ranging from mild cholestasis to severe hepatocel-
lular injury that involve metabolic inhibition, oxygen radical toxicity, immunologically mediated damage, or some other mechanism
results in predominant aminotransferase elevation1.
Objectives: The present study was made to validate the hepato-protective activity of ethanol extract of propolis (PE) against
aspirin-induced acute hepatotoxicity.
Methods: The propolis was collected from bee-hives located in Zacatecas, México and a PE was obtained. Male Wistar rats
(150-200g) were divided in-groups of five and PE at doses of 20 mg kg-1 p.o. was administrated for some of them during 4 weeks,
then, acute hepatotoxicity was induced by a high oral dose (170 mg/kg) of aspirin. Eighteen hours after aspirin administration,
blood was obtained from all animals for determination of glucose, cholesterol, ALT and AST levels in serum, the animals were
killed by decapitation and the livers were immediately removed for the determination of GSH concentration and to study the
histopathological changes.
Results and conclusions: Aspirin increased ALT, AST, glucose and cholesterol levels (pa significant protection against aspirin-
induced alterations (pation revealed hepatic inflammation, necrosis, degeneration and depletion of hepatic glycogen in aspirin
treated rats and confirm the hepato-protection of PE. Our results provide evidence that propolis inhibits significantly acute liver
toxicity induced by a high dose of aspirin in rat.
Keywords: propolis, hepatoprotective activity, aspirin.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 143
ISE3-P54 Antidiabetic activity from the infusions of the leaves of Hintonia latiflora
S. Cristians a, R. Mata a, R. Bye b
a
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico. b Insti-
tuto de Biología, UNAM, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
Background: Our research group has previously demonstrated that the organic extract of the leaves of Hintonia latiflora (Rubia-
ceae) exhibited antidiabetic activity (1), being a suitable substitute for the use of the stem bark, which in turn would promote the
conservation of this important medicinal plant.
Objectives: Considering that infusions are highly valued in folk medicine, this work was undertaken in order to establish the
antidiabetic potential of an aqueous extract of the leaves of H. latiflora.
Methods: The antidiabetic potential of the leaf aqueous extract (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated in acute (hypoglycemic
effect), sucrose and glucose oral tolerance tests (OSTT and OGTT respectively; antihyperglycemic effect) using normoglycemic and
diabetic (NAD 50 mg/kg, i.p.; streptozocin 100 mg/kg, i.p.) male ICR mice (20-25 g) (1).
The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract form the leaves of H. latiflora were determined using the Lorke method in male ICR mice
(20-25 g) (2).
Results and conclusions: The aqueous leaves extract of H. latiflora demonstrates a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic
mice (-37.94 ± 7.79; percent of blood glucose variation). The postprandial peak is inhibited in both OSTT (23.83 ± 4.41 ´ 48.83 ±
5.82 control percent of blood glucose variation) and OGTT (19.07 ± 7.32 ´ 50.93 ± 2.26 control percent of blood glucose variation; p
< 0.05 significantly different ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s t test in all the cases).
The acute toxicity indicates that the aqueous leaves extract is less toxic than the organic leaves extract (LD50= > 5000 mg/kg vs
1668 mg/kg).
Keywords: Hintonia latiflora, antidiabetic activity
Acknowledgments: DGAPA-UNAM (IN218110-3), Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM.
References: 1. Cristians, S. et al. J. Nat. Prod. 2009, 72: 408-413. 2. Lorke, D. Arch. Toxicol. 1983, 54: 275–287.
144 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P55 Antimicrobial activity and Chemical composition of the essential oil of Hofmeisteria schaffneri
A. Pérez-Vásquez a, S. Capella a, E. Linares b, R. Bye b, G. Angeles-López a, R. Mata a
a
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México. b Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México.
Background: H. schaffneri (Asteraceae), a Mexican medicinal plant, is used for a variety purposes, including skin infections.
Objectives: This work was undertaken to establish the antimicrobial potential of H. schaffneri.
Methods: The essential oils of H. schaffneri harvested at six different seasons during a year were prepared by standard proce-
dures and analyzed by GC. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the preparations against Gram+ and Gram− bacteria was evaluated
by determining MIC using the broth dilution method in 96 microplate wells.
Results and conclusions: Forty four compounds representing ~90 % of the total constituents were identified. A series of thymol
analogs were the major components of the oils. The infusion and oils were very active against Gram+ bacteria with an MIC value
for the infusion of 64 µg/mL against S. aureus, while the oils exhibited MIC values in the range of 48 to 768 µg/mL. (Batches III
and VI, with an MIC= 96 and 48 µg/mL, respectively were the most actives. The composition and antimicrobial activity of the oils
changed slightly over the year. The results of the present investigation provide an in vitro scientific support for the use of the plant
against skin infections in Mexican folk medicine.
Keywords: Hofmeisteria schaffneri; essential oil; antimicrobial activity; GC-FID; GC-MS.
Acknowledgments: DGAPA UNAM (IN218110) and CONACyT (99395)
References: 1. Pérez-Vásquez A. et al. Phytochemistry 2009, 69: 1339-1347.
ISE3-P56 Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Sambucus nigra extract on TNBS-induced colitis
model
E.A.R. Socca, A. Luiz-Ferreira, F.M. de-Faria, A.C.A. Almeida, R.J. Dunder, C. Takayama, M.S. da-Silva, A.R.M. Souza-Brito
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic gastrointestinal disorders that comprise two major conditions: Crohn’s disease
(CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, a intestinal hyper-permeability seems to play
a critical role in the etiology of the inflammation, by recruiting cells of the immune system. In this context phenolic compounds
such as the anthocyanidins are pharmacologically important because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. So,
we evaluate the effects of Sambucus nigra extract over the production of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) on the colon of
rats submitted to the inflammation model of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid induced colitis. Male unib:WH rats (200-250 g) were
separated into four groups (n=8) according the model of acute TNBS-induce colitis (gastroenterology, 96: 795, 1989), with the
follow experimental groups: Saline, TNBS and S. nigra (5 and 10 mg.Kg-1). 24h after TNBS induction, the rats were sacrificed and
the biochemical parameters (IL-10) were evaluated according R&D systems interleukin kit. The results were expressed as mean ±
standard error (pg/mL) and submitted to analyses of one-way variance (ANOVA) and a posteriori Dunnett’s test with significance
level of p<0,05.The production of IL-10 seems to be depleted on the TNBS group when compared with the Salina group (288,1±
31,8 vs. 492,4± 54,6). The 5mg.Kg-1 dose avoids the depletion of the citokin (466,7± 19,9), such as the 10 mg.Kg-1 dose (404,5± 40,5).
The results indicate that phenolic compounds of S. nigra participate in the modulation of IL-10, providing protection to de colon
mucosal against pro-inflammatory agents.
Key words: Inflammatory bowel diseases, TNBS-induced colitis, Sambucus nigra and IL-10.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 145
ISE3-P57 Traditional Cree medicines modulate steatosis and antioxidant activity, but not insulin sensitivity
in fat-laden H4IIE liver cells
A. Afshar a, P.L. Owen b, L. Martineau a, T. Johns b, J.T. Arnason b, P.S. Haddad a
CIHR Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines and a Dept of Pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128,
Downtown Sta., H3C 3J7, Montreal. QC, Canada; b School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,11
Background: The Canadian Institute of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines is evaluating the potential
of traditional Cree medicinal plants to develop culturally acceptable strategies to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Non-alcoholic fatty liver can cause or exacerbate insulin resistance. Reducing fat accumulation in the liver and preventing rises in
oxidative stress and insulin resistance can improve T2D and alleviate some complications.
Objectives: Eight antidiabetic plants used by the Cree are evaluated for their efficacy to reduce fat deposition, restore insulin
sensitivity, and enhance antioxidant activity in fat-laden liver cells.
Methods: Normal and fatty H4IIE hepatocytes were incubated with maximal nontoxic concentrations of plant crude ethanol
extracts for 16 hours. Intracellular triglyceride levels were assessed using AdipoRed. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
was determined with dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Stimulation of the insulin pathway was determined by measuring Akt phos-
phorylation using an ELISA kit. Appropriate positive and negative controls were also tested.
Results and conclusions: More than 60% of tested extracts significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride deposition compared
to nontreated cells. Most (87%) prevented an increase in ROS production in fat-laden cells. However, no effect on Akt phosphoryla-
tion was observed. Our model suggests that Cree herbal medicines may be effective in reducing the oxidative stress associated
with diabetic steatosis without having an effect on insulin sensitivity.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Canadian Aboriginals, Steatosis, Insulin resistance, Antioxidants.
ISE3-P58 In vitro biological activities of plant extracts from several genera used in Puerto Rico as adjuvants
for diabetes
C. Cordero-Goad a, W. Figueroa-Cuilan a, J. Gavillán-Suárez a,b, C. Luciano-Montalvo a, M. Martínez Montemayor c, L. Otero a, M.C. Quiñones b,
M. Ramírez-Vicéns b, J.E. Roque b, L. Santiago-Capeles b, Y. Rivera a
a
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, #205 Antonio R. Barceló Ave. 00736, Cayey, Puerto Rico,
b
Department of Chemistry, UPR-Cayey, c Universidad Central de Bayamón, PO Box 60327. 00960-6032, Bayamón, Puerto Rico; jannette.
gavillan@upr.edu
Background: According to the US Center for Disease Control and prevention in 2005, Hispanic adults had diabetes prevalence
rates 1.7 times that of non-Hispanic whites. Among Hispanics, Puerto Ricans (12.6%) are the population, with the highest preva-
lence of diabetes.
Objectives: The current study was designed to identify the medicinal plants used in Puerto Rico as adjuvants for diabetes, and to
investigate their safety and in vitro biological activities associated with diabetic complications.
Methods: An ethnopharmacological survey covering municipalities in the southeast region of Puerto Rico was conducted. Aque-
ous decoctions and methanolic extracts of medicinal plants reported during the interviews were evaluated using in vitro models
such as inhibition of aldose reductase (IAR), free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS·+ and HO·) and HepG2 cells viability. Total
phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu.
Results and conclusions: Tapeinochilus anassae and Costus speciosus (known as insulina by the surveyed population), Trad-
escantia spathacea (sanguinaria) and Syzygium jambos (pomarrosa del río) methanolic extracts showed higher activities and TPC
than aqueous decoctions. Overall, S. jambos and T. anassae methanolic extracts showed important biological activities and TPC:
IAR (IC50 =2.44± 0.83 and 47.6± 10.93 µg/mL), ABTS·+ (IC50 =4.14± 0.01 and 17.40± 0.01 µg/mL), HO· (IC50 =58.88± 0.26 and 45.71±
2.06 µg/mL) and TPC (24.05 and 16.13 mg Q/mg extract), respectively. HepG2 cells exposed to aqueous and methanolic extracts
showed no viability decrease at 250 µg/mL after 24h. The in vitro bioassays panel tested for diabetes allowed screening of (me-
dicinal) plants used as diabetes adjuvants as radical scavengers and AR inhibitors.
Keywords: diabetes adjuvants, traditional medicine in Puerto Rico, ethnopharmacological survey, herbal medicine, Tapeinochilus anassae,
Syzygium jambos, Costus speciosus, Tradescantia spathaceae.
146 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P59 Antihyperglycemic activity of Allium elburzense Wendelbo bulbs on normal and streptozotocin-
induced diabetic rats
B. Zolfaghari a, c, M. Minaeian b, c, Y. Shokoohinia a, c , P. Ramezanloo c, A. Sadeghi c, M. Mahmudzadeh c
a
Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue 73461 Isfahan, Iran; b Department of of
Pharmacology & Toxicologyy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue 73461 Isfahan, Iran; c Isfahan Pharmaceutical
Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 73461 Isfahan.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is the commonest endocrine disorder that expected to affect more than 285 million people world-
wide in 2010. There are a lot researches have been focused to find new medication to control of diabetes. Allium elburzense
Wendelbo is an endemic plant to Elburz mountain area, northern Iran. It is commonly used as an antidiabetic, antirheumatic,
aphrodiasic, antiduretic, and anthelminthic in Iranian Traditional Medicine. In this study we aimed to evaluate anti-hyperglycemic
activity of Allium elburzense Wendelbo bulbs on normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: We evaluated effects of acute (1, 2, 3, 4, 8 h) and sub acute (11 days) oral and intraperitoneal administration of hydroal-
coholic extract and Saponin Rich Fraction (SRF) of Allium elburzense bulbs in different doses on blood glucose levels of normal and
streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effects were compared with those of glibenclamide.
Results and conclusions: Sub-acute treatment of hydroalcoholic extract for 11 days reduced blood glucose level significantly in
diabetic rats (P <0.001 & 0.05 in different doses), while saponin rich fraction was effective only in ip mode (P<0.001). The maximal
anti-diabetic effect was obtained with the dose of 600 mg/kg for hydroalcoholic extract (p<0.001). Acute administration could not
reduce blood glucose in the diabetic rats.
It could be concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of Allium elburzense exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic activity. These
results provide a rationale for the use of A. elburzensis to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus considering its being endemic to Iran,
and locating of country in high diabetes prevalence zone.
ISE3-P60 Resin of Pinaceae: natural synthon pharmacological action on the central nervous system
L. Carballo a, Y. Arteagar a, J. Tacoronte b, Y. Betancourt a
a
Universidad de Pinar del Río, Calle Martí, 270 Final. Pinar del Río. Cuba. Código Postal: 20100. b Centro de Ingeniería e Investigaciones
Químicas, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
Oleoresin Pinaceae species is considered since ancient times as a disinfectant substance. In Latin America, indigenous peoples, in
the antiseptic used in trepanning of skulls and caesarean section. The oleorresin of two species of Cuban pines: Pinus caribaea var.
caribaea and Pinus tropicalis Morelet, coming from the area of Viñales in the province of Pinar del Río, distilled by hydrothermal,
surrenders rosin and turpentine oil. The rosin obtained made up of resin acids, series abietane-pimarane, is characterized by means
of the spectroscopic methods of FT-IR, RMN -1H and RMN-13C and they constitute an excellent substrate for potential modifications
like the obtaining of salts. Salt derivatives are obtained from pure resin acids by the exchange of hydrogenate-carbonates, under
conditions equimolars. The salt of sodium of the resin acids is used in different experimental biomodels to determine its effect on
the Central Nervous System. The results suggest activity like depressive agents and/or sedative for the treatment of illnesses with
excessive activation of the system glutamatergyc and for the treatment of illnesses with activation of the catecholamine and indo-
lamins system. They can also be used in a structural quality with precursors" of similar bioisosterics with specific action therapeu-
tic of the neuroprotective and neurogenerate type in the treatment of pathologies isquemics for permanent occlusion of carotids.
Keywords: Rosin, central nervous system, pharmacological action.
Acknowledgments: We thank the Center Invstigación coolaboración and Drug Development, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 147
ISE3-P62 Control of tropical diseases transmitted by mollusks from cuban pinaceae resins
Y. Arteaga a, L. Carballo a, J. Tacoronte b,Y. Betancourt a
a
University of Pinar del Río, Martí street, 270. Pinar del Río. Cuba. PC: 20100. b Research Center of Tropical Illnesses, Havana, Cuba.
Cuban pinaceae resins have been used since ancient times as disinfecting agents. Consider these knowledge and scientific meth-
ods of analysis for the control of tropical diseases is important for the cuban pharmacology. Schistosomiasis, tropical disease
transmitted by molluscs, ranks second in parasitic diseases after malaria. In Cuba there is a risk of contracting the disease, be-
cause in our fauna are species that can act as intermediate hosts of trematode that causes the disease. The objective was to evalu-
ate the rosin powder on larvae of Biomphalaria havanensis for vector control spread of schistosomiasis, according to the methodol-
ogy developed by the World Health Organization and described by Mott for the assessment of plants with molluskicidical action.
The results showed molluscicide action of rosin on Biomphalaria havanensis larvae, lethal dose (LD50 and LD90) are 44, 33 mg/L and 141,
76 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding regression equation was: Y = - 0, 41 + 1, 08 ln X with a correlation coefficient R = 0, 99 and
standard error 0,13. Doses reveal the effectiveness of the components present in the rosin, results comparable to other publications of
extracts from plant species.
Keywords: rosin, lethal dose, Biomphalaria havanensis.
148 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P63 Assessment of ghee mixture and Prosopis farcta powder efficacy in dermal wound healing process
N. Mahdavi Shahri, J. Khayatzadeh, M. Nakhaee Moghadam, Z. Shahi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad. Iran
The study of pharmacological effect of pharmaceutical plants and natural components in laboratorial animals is the most important
part of ethnopharmacological studies around the world. Ethnopharmacology is a kind of scince that studies local tribal pharmacolo-
gy. Specific therapeutic characteristics of each pharmaceutical plant which are practical in conventional and common medicine,are
tested and their results are evaluated. Hence, the fruit of Prosopis farcta selected in order to evaluate pharmacological effects
(healing skin wounds). Because of conventioned use of Prosopis farcta as a therapeutic drug in skin wounds and according to the
point that the therapeutic effects of this plant are not investigated in pharmacological studies, this study has been conducted to
make pharmacological evidence for the aforementioned effects.
9 heads of male rats (with Sprague strain) wer selected and 8 circular holes with the diameter of 4mm were made at two sides
of vertical column. Rats were classified randomly into three groups of control, care for ghee and care for pomade. The ghee group
and the pomade group were treated with ghee and pomade respectively, twice aday and control one was treated with normal salin
until the wounds were closed. Wounds were clinically and microscopically investigated right after punching was done on certain
days (namely, day 2, 4, 8, 10, 15).
According to statistical inspection, microscopic results indicated that the holes treated with ghee and pomade,had faster process
of healing in comparison with control group,moreover, microscopic studies indicated a significant increase in epithelium thickness,
angiogenesis, the percentage of inflammatory cells and the percentage of fibroblastic proliferation in samples of pomade group
in comparison with ghee group and ghee group in comparison with control group. It is plausible the positive effect of ghee and/or
pomade effect on wound repair can be associated with their component. Ghee containes vitamin A and unsaturated fatty acids.
According to recent studies, it has been proven that vitamin A and also unsaturated fatty acids intensify the process of recovery.
Due to the fact that Prosopis farcta is full of phelavnoides, tannins, polyphenoles, and alkaloids which cause anti inflammatory, anti
bacteria and anti oxidant in this plant, it seams that above mentioned plant has a positive effect on wound repair.In spit of this, in
order to assess the precise mechanisems and more appropriate usage of this plant in pharmacology,isolation and purification of
components of this plant and assessment of the practical dose for wound repair is needed.
Key words: ghee, Prosopis farcta,skin wound healing, rat.
ISE3-P66 Essential oils of Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis and S. microphylla: two taxa from the north of
Alicante (Spain) used in traditional herbal liquors
V. Martínez-Francés a, R. Vila b, S. Ríos a, J. Juan a, S. Cañigueral b
a
Biological Research Station Torretes-Font Roja, I.U. CIBIO, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain. b Unitat de Farmacologia i Far-
macognòsia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Background: The Mediterranean and Irano-Turanic region has ca. 40 species of the genus Salvia (1). In the Valencian Community
we found 15 wild and cultivated taxa, 10 of which have a recognised popular use. Traditionally, Salvia species are famous in
folk medicine for their sedative, carminative, hypotensive, emmenagogue and antiseptic properties, being popularly used in the
treatment of respiratory ailments, dysentery and as antidote for snake bites. They are also appreciated in cultural uses such as a
component of vegetal carpets in religious traditions.
Objective: Determination of the composition of the essential oil of two of the most popular sages used in the north of Alicante
province: Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis and Salvia microphylla, included in common hydroalcoholic macerations called "Salvi-
eta" and "Herbero". Special attention is given to the presence of thujones that could be responsible of toxicity of herbal liquors.
Methods: Air-dried plant material was hydrodistilled and analysis of both oils were carried out by GC-FID and GC-MS using fused
silica capillary columns of different stationary phases.
Results and conclusions: Main constituents in both taxa were 1,8-cineole, camphor, b-pinene and camphene, which are also the
major components previously described in the oils from S. officinalis and S. lavandulifolia. In contrast, a- and b-thujone, present
in S. officinalis, have not been detected in S. blancoana ssp. mariolensis and S. microphylla. These results suggest the security of
these less studied taxa, especially the former for its endemicity.
Keywords: Salvia blancoana ssp. mariolensis, Salvia microphylla, essential oil, Valencian Community.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a grant from the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Spain.
References: 1. Reales, A. et al. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 2004, 145: 353-371.
150 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE3-P67 Epicatechin stimulates gastric mucus production and protects the stomach against ethanol and
indomethacin.
A. Tanimoto a, A.L. Rozza a, B.B. Gregorio a, T.M. Moraes b, H. Kushima b, C.A. Hiruma-Lima b, C.H. Pellizzon a
a
Dpto. de Morfologia, IBB-UNESP s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, Brazil. b Dpto. de Fisiologia, IBB-UNESP s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, Brazil.
Background: Epicatechin (EC) is an antioxidant substance present in many medicinal plant species used in the treatment of
gastrointestinal disorders.
Objective: to investigate EC capacity in preventing gastric ulcers caused by absolute ethanol and indometacin and evaluated the
main protective factors stimulated by EC.
Methods: Gastric ulcer was induced by administration of absolute ethanol or indomethacin (100 mg/kg) (p.o.) 1h after the treat-
ments administration (p.o): vehicle, carbenoxolone (100 mg/kg) or EC in doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg. Ulcer area was measured
and microscopic analyses (score) were made after ulcer induction. Glutation levels and gastric mucus were quantified by ELISA.
Results and conclusions: All doses of epicatechin protected the stomach against ethanol, presenting significantly lower mac-
roscopic area and microscopic score comparing to control. E25 and E50 presented gastroprotect effect against indomethacin,
also presenting significantly lower macrospic ulcer area and microscopic score comparing to control. Epicatechin also stimulates
significantly gastric mucus production and partially maintain glutation levels comparing to control.
Keywords: epicatechin, gastric ulcer, mucus, ethanol, indometacin.
Acknowledgments: FAPESP (08/53798-1 and 06/55542-9).
Methods: By qualitative analysis on basis of specific reactions of BAS was determined Flavonoids 0,70 2,25 -
that all parts of the plant contain organic acids, carbohydrates, tannin; leafs and flow- Tannin agents 2,03 2,06 0,08
ers contain flavonoids (1). The quantitative content of flavonoids (2), tanning agent (3),
Organic acids 2,59 3,16 0,58
and carbohydrates (4) was determined by spectrophotometric method. Determination of
content of free organic acids to conducted by method of titrimetry in recalculation to Carbohydrates 3,60 1,01 0,36
apple’s acid (5).
Results: In all parts of the plant there were identified leucine, proline, methionine and aspartic acid by the method of thinlayer
chromatography. In flowers there were identified rutinum and quercetin.
Conclusion: In result of analysis was determined qualitative and quantitative composition BAS of Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. In the
plant there were identified aminoacids, in flowers were found rutinum and quercetin.
Keywords: BAS, organic acids, carbohydrates, tannin, flavonoids, rutinum, quercetin.
Acknowledgements: Eurasian National University named L.N. Gumilev, doctor of chem., professor S.B.Rakhmadieva.
References: 1.Grinkevich N. Chem. Anal. Of med. Plants. 1983 1:87-118. 2. Khaled A. et al. Quantitative content of flavonoids. 2004
1:356-358. 3. Fedoseeva L. et al. Chem. of plant material 2005 3:45-50. 4. Zaprometov M. Biochem. of carbohydrates 2003 1:324-326. 5.
State Pharmacopaeia USSR 1990 11:296-297.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 151
ISE5-O02 Prevalence of Materia Medica in European medicine along the last third of nineteenth century: the
French case
J.L. Fresquet-Febrer, C.P. Aguirre-Marco
Instituto de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia López Piñero (CSIC-Universidad de Valencia), Plaza de Cisneros, 4, 46003 Valencia,
España.
Background: During the second half of nineteenth century, pharmacotherapy underwent major changes with the development of
experimental pharmacology under Claude Bernard’s influence, especially in the French world. Until now, research has emphasized
just this last one, and payed not much attention to traditional medical remedies which continued in use, either empirically or ration-
ally, as if they had suddenly disappeared of Therapeutics horizon. Only a few and isolated researches point to the prevalence of
Materia medica during this interesting period of European medicine.
Objectives: We present the analysis of two French journals crucial at that time: Bulletin Général de Thérapeutique Médicale,
Chirurgicale et Obstétricale (1831-1896) -first edited by Marcel Marie Miquel (1803-1848), continued by Henri-Ferdinand Dolbeau,
Apollinaire Bouchadart and Louis Felix J. Behier since 1874, and directed from 1893 onwards by George Dujardin Beaumetz– and
Adolphe Gubler’s Journal de Thérapeutique (1874-1883).
A sistematic indexation of both journals yields a total of 2381 original papers (2310 out of the first journal and 271 out of the second
one). Their analysis provides an overview of both the convulsions shaking drug therapy and disputes arising at the time. But also,
and moreover, can provide an accurate knowledge of the survival and validity of Materia Medica at this point of the development
of modern pharmacology, concerning especially herbal remedies. This last aspect focuses the objectives of our present research.
Methods: Historical method, including quantitative and qualitative social analysis as well as comparative textual analysis.
Results and conclusions: Results confirm the full validity of Materia medica in clinical practice, but also of research on Materia
medica itself, its uses, effects and therapeutic indications, co-existing with the emerging experimental pharmacology in a some-
times controversial, but in any case natural way, at both clinical practice and laboratory research.
Keywords: Materia medica, Therapeutics, European medicine, 19th century, France.
ISE5-O03 Western herbal practice in Australia and the US: medicinal plants, colonisation and the transfer of
knowledge
S. Evans
Southern Cross University, PO Box 157 Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
Background: Very few medicinal plants indigenous to Australia are found in the dispensaries of Australian practitioners of West-
ern herbal medicine. In contrast, medicinal plants native to North America are not only widely used by herbalists in the US and
Canada, but they have been imported for use by herbalists in Australia over many years.
Objective: To investigate the factors which may have facilitated the transfer of knowledge about medicinal plants between Indig-
enous and non-Indigenous peoples in Australia and the US.
Methods: Document analysis, archival research.
Results and conclusions: Factors include the nature of the relationship between indigenous and non-indigenous groups at the
time of settlement, the timing and nature of the respective colonial settlements, the pattern of settlement and the profile of the
settlers. Additional factors include the adaption of previous (European) medicinal plant knowledge and the utilisation of medicinal
plant information from earlier botanical explorers. Lastly the development of commercial applications of indigenous plants is sug-
gested as a contributing factor with regard to the transfer of knowledge.
Keywords: history herbal medicine; transfer of knowledge, colonisation.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 153
ISE5-O04 Cannabis spp. and Ethnopharmacology: historical and anthropological perspectives on plants,
consciousness and healing
A. Waldstein
School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, A.Waldstein@kent.ac.uk
Background: Although there is a growing body of research on Cannabis spp. and its bioactive constituents in Ethnopharmacology,
most of this work involves minimal insight from historical and ethnographic documents regarding the therapeutic use of this plant.
Objectives: To discuss the potential contributions that the historical and anthropological study of cannabis, as a medicinal plant,
can make to Ethnopharmacology.
Methods: A review of recent historical work on the therapeutic use of cannabis in both the Old and New Worlds and of work that
involves narratives of the experience of using cannabis as medicine.
Results and conclusions: Historical descriptions of the therapeutic use of cannabis are found in a variety of sources ranging from
ancient Asian medical texts to 19th Century European and North American medical journals. Such descriptions are often based on
careful empirical observations and in some cases clinical trials, which provide a vast source of leads for pharmacological research.
However, although cannabis has long held the attention of physicians, it is also an important plant used in self-medication. Emic
accounts suggest that while many people first use cannabis for non-medical purposes, they eventually learn to perceive and mani-
pulate therapeutic effects. Due to the effects of cannabis on consciousness, it often enables users to articulate subtle experiences
of illness and healing. Combining such phenomenological data with insights derived from historical documents offers ethnophar-
macologists a unique opportunity to explore connections among plants, human consciousness and healing.
Keywords: Cannabis, history of medicine, phenomenology.
ISE5-O05 Five centuries in the Spanish Ethnobotany: from Laguna to Font Quer
R. Morales a, M. Pardo de Santayana b, J. Tardío c
a
Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC. Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain.
b
Dpto. de Biología (Botánica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
c
IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apdo. 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Background: Throughout the history, plant studies have been interested in plant uses. Old agronomists and healers have been
the first botanists and have had an excellent plant knowledge. Since the 16th century, the increasing number of botanical works
greatly improved plant science.
Objectives: To give an historical view of the plant uses in Spain mentioned by six important botanical authors, five of them Span-
ish, of the last five centuries.
Results and conclusions: The first botanical and phytotherapeutical work written in Spanish was made by Andrés Laguna in
1555. His translation to Spanish of the Dioscorides" work included many of his own comments and original iconography. He wrote
about more than 400 different species. The aim of the author was to be precise in the identifications and descriptions of the
simples. Later, Charles de l’Écluse (Clusius), who travelled during 1564-1565 throughout the Iberian Peninsula, wrote in 1576 a
book where a lot of new Spanish species were described. He included medicinal uses of 15 species. Nicolás Monardes, a Sevil-
lian physician, wrote a book in 1580 about his experiences with the recently arrived American medicinal plants such as cocoa or
tobacco. Bernardo Cienfuegos, a physician and botanist, wrote in the first half of the 17th century a treatise with more than 4000
hand-written pages in seven volumes. They contain about 1000 plant drawings and original data about medicinal plant uses. The
Spanish Flora of José Quer, published from 1762 to 1784, described the genera following the Tournefourt’s system and provided
many phytochemical data and their medicinal uses. Finally, Pío Font Quer, one of the most important botanists of the 20th century,
published his book about the most important medicinal plants of the Iberian flora in 1962. He wrote about 682 species including
historical information.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, medicinal plants, history, 16th-20th centuries, Spain.
154 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE5-P01 Using traditional pesticides by iranian and moslem physicians in Cambat against harmful animals
N. Mahdavi Shahri, J. Baharara
Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University Mashhad, Iran.
Among the works of the well-known physicians and scientists of Islamic and Iranian Medicine, there exist some texts on how to
fight against harmful insects and animals. Such texts can be found in Chapter Five of the second discourse of the Nineth Book of
Zakhireh Kharazmshahi, written by Seyyed Esmail Jorjani and other handwritten books including (Tohfeh Hakim Moemn, Makh-
zanoladvieh, etc). In these texts the traditional pesticides and killers drugs and experiences of the old pharmacists concerning
combat against pests have been mentioned. These texts specify the application of the natural (non – synthetic) pest – killers by
Iranian and Islamic Old Physicians and Scientists in fighting against some harmful insects such as: fly, ant, termite, flea, tick and
other harmful animals. Therefore, taking into consideration the necessity of replacing natural combatants against harmful animals/
insects (emphasizing on the use of non – synthetic materials) our assumption is based on the reliance on the above texts an with
technical facilities of pharmacology, toxicology, entomology and zoology, the effect of the traditional Pesticides recommended in
traditional medicine has to be re-evaluated.
Key word: traditional pesticides, harmvul animals, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 155
ISE5-P02 Migration, nutrition and aging across the life-course of Bangladeshi families: Exploring food and
medicinal uses of plants across transnational and generational landscapes
H. Jennings
The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square
Background: Medicinal and food plant use among Bangladeshis in the UK has important health, nutritional, policy, social and
cultural implications. The Bangladeshi community in the UK is thriving; it is both the youngest and fastest growing of all minority
populations (2001 census). However many of its members are socially marginalised and suffer disproportionally from diet-related
health conditions such as diabetes. While there remain long-standing links between Bangladesh and Britain through the mutual
exchange of material, social and cultural capital (Gardner, 2008) there is limited understanding on the impact of these links and
migration on diet and medicinal plant use.
Objectives: This project aims to an in-depth understanding of Bangladeshi women’s practices regarding plant-foods used for
medicinal and health purposes across transnational and generational landscapes. The objectives of the project are to:
1. Explore the interface of food and medicinal plant use.
2. Compare inter-generational food-plant knowledge and use.
3. Compare food-plant knowledge and use between the UK and Bangladesh.
4. Explore the connection and transmission of knowledge regarding food plants between the UK and Bangladesh.
Methods: Research methodology includes qualitative techniques of participant observation, focus group discussions, unstruc-
tured interviews and discussions in addition to more quantitative semi-structured interviews. Research participants consist of an
estimated 100 Bangladeshi women both in the UK (London and Cardiff) and Bangladesh (Sylhet) from two distinct generations.
Results: Key findings from preliminary research include reports of core plants used for medicinal purposes particularly for illnesses
associated with the community, analysis of the transfer of knowledge between mothers and daughters and the reoccurring theme
of the food-medicine overlap. Other themes of interest include the association of medicinal knowledge with Bangladesh, networks
of knowledge within and across countries, supply chains and symbolic meanings of food-medicine.
Keywords: Food-medicine interface, migration, nutrition, medicinal plants,Bangladesh, UK, generations, transnational landscapes.
ISE5-P03 History, custom and the use of medicinal insects. Blister beetles from the Mediterranean World to
Americas
E. Motte-Florac
Univ. Montpellier 1 et Praxiling (CNRS et Univ. Montpellier 3), Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue Charles Fla-
hault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5 France.
Background: Four thousands years old written traces inform us of the composition of remedies used in that time and give eviden-
ce of the medicinal use of insects. Some of the most ancient entomological medicinal products have been used unceasingly until
now in most parts of the Mediterranean World. One of them is the cantharis, a blister beetle. Due to its interesting pharmacologi-
cal properties, particularly the vesicatory and diuretic ones, cantharis has been mentioned in a remarkably high number of written
sources in very different times and places.
Objectives: We will try to understand the different ways of perceiving, conceiving and using cantharis depending on era and
culture, and the impact of history on the similarities and divergences that appear in its use.
Methods: The work is essentially based on a bibliographical research (ancient books and pharmacopoeias, and publications on
traditional medicine in most parts of the Mediterranean World).
Results an conclusions: Drug denomination intervenes largely in the estimation of the constancy of a medicinal use. This
problem is recurrent in all the historical studies carried out on medicinal plants and animals, and may be more specially insects.
But according to the custom and the historical background, medicinal, aphrodisiacs and poisons effects of cantharis have been
reproved or searched, and scientific knowledge on this medicinal product evolved more or less rapidly.
Keywords: medicinal insects, cantharis, Mediterranean World, Americas.
156 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE6-P01 Presencia y distribución de polifenoles en la frutilla chilena (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis):
un estudio mediante HPLC-DAD y HPLC-MS/MS
G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, M.J. Simirgiotis, J. Cheel
Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Antecedentes: La frutilla chilena (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis) es uno de los progenitores de la frutilla cultivada, F. x ana-
nassa. Los frutos fueron consumidos desde tiempos precolombinos y la planta está siendo seleccionada como un nuevo cultivo por
agricultores del centro-sur de Chile.
Objetivos: Determinar la composición y distribución de polifenoles en distintos órganos de la frutilla chilena y compararlos con los
perfiles de la frutilla roja comercial (Fragaria x ananassa).
Métodos: HPLC-DAD Merck-Hitachi (bomba L-7100, detector de arreglo de diodos L-7455, integrador D-7000). Columna: C18-RP
Luna 250 mm x 4.60 mm i.d., 5 μm. Detección: 254 nm, UV rango: 200-600 nm. MS: Agilent 1100 LC, conectado al sistema Esquire
4000 Ion Trap LC/MS (Bruker Daltoniks). Full scan MS entre m/z 150 y 2000 u en modo ión positivo para antocianinas y modo ión
negativo para otros compuestos. Espectros de CID con amplitud de fragmentación de 1.00 V (MS/MS). Gas de colisión: helio.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se identificaron en forma tentativa 50 compuestos en frutilla chilena, incluyendo por primera vez 18
fenólicos en rizomas y otros 18 compuestos en hojas. Los productos fueron principalmente procianidinas, elagitaninos, derivados
del ácido elágico y flavonoides. Se observa acumulación de taninos condensados de mayor peso molecular en rizomas. La informa-
ción presentada puede emplearse para caracterizar cultivares locales y proporciona "huellas dactilares" para estudios de cambios
asociados a la respuesta de la planta ante factores ambientales y patógenos.
Palabras clave: Fragaria chiloensis, frutilla chilena, fenólicos, flavonoides, taninos, distribución.
Agradecimientos: Se agradece el financiamiento del Programa de Productos Bioactivos, Universidad de Talca.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 157
ISE6-P04 Enrichment study of virgin olive oil with antioxidants phenolic acid from natural food plants.
J.J. Berzas Nevado, V. Rodríguez Robledo, C. Sánchez-Carnerero Callado
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad
Real, Spain.
Background: Virgin olive oil (VOO), mainly produced in Spain, is the basis of "Mediterranean Diet" and provides a rich source of
natural antioxidants which are directly linked to a reduced degenerative diseases such as, coronary heart disease and cancers
of the breast, skin and colon (1, 2). In the same way, food plants (spices and herbs) are often used for their medical and antiseptic
properties since show high antioxidant activity.
Objectives: The aim of this work is enrich VOO using some natural food plants such as thyme, rosemary and garlic and deter-
minate if these spices to be able to transfer some of their characteristic antioxidants to VOO. The main antioxidants found in the
selected food plants were rosmarinic, caffeic and gallic acids bellowing all them, to phenolic acids.
Methods: A rapid, simple and reliable method for determination of phenolic compounds in VOO previously enriched with food
plants using off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detector was optimized and validated.
The enrichment study was carried out steeping VOO with food plants a) over time (more than 30 days), b) stirring at room tempera-
ture and c) stirring using temperatures higher 25ºC.
Results and conclusions: The results confirmed the presence of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid, when the enrich-
ment was carried out both stirring and stirring over temperature.
Keywords: antioxidants, capillary electrophoresis, enrichment, food plants, phenolic acids, VOO.
References: 1. Keys A, et al. The diet and 15 year death rate in the Seven Countries Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:903-915. 2. Owen
RW, et al. Olives and olive oil in cancer prevention. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004;13:319-326.
ISE6-P05 Nutritional and nutraceutical composition of two Lamiaceae traditionally used in Portugal as
spices, flavours or medicines
A.S.F. Fernandes, L. Barros, A.M. Carvalho, I.C.F.R. Ferreira
CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
Background: Medicinal and aromatic plants are highly prized in Portugal. They are a good source of natural preparations contain-
ing effective bioactive compounds, including antioxidants which can be used for different applications, particularly as food addi-
tives and health promoting ingredients in the formulations of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Objectives: To study the nutritional and nutraceutical composition and antioxidant properties of aerial parts from two Lamiaceae
species (Mentha pulegium and Thymus pulegioides), often used.
Methods: Determination of proteins, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, and individual profiles in sugars and fatty acids by chromato-
graphic techniques. Phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and carotenoids were also determined. The antioxidant
activity was accessed by four in vitro chemical and biochemical assays using animal cells.
Results and conclusions: M. pulegium revealed the highest contents of moisture, ash, proteins, fat, energy and sugars, while
T. pulegioides revealed the highest contents of carbohydrates (89.35 g/100 g). M. pulegium have the best antioxidant properties
(EC50 < 0.56 mg/mL), which is in agreement with its highest content in phenolics and in other antioxidants such as reducing sugars
(7.99 g/100 g), ascorbic acid (7.90 mg/100 g) and tocopherols, particularly α-tocopherol (69.54 mg/100 g). These compounds could
explain its uses as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and as food preservative and special sauce. Moreover could have great potential
in food and in pharmaceutical industries because of its flavouring properties and composition.
Keywords: Lamiaceae, phytochemicals, oxidative stress, Portuguese pharmacopoeia.
Acknowledgments: L. Barros is financed by FCT (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008).
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 159
ISE6-P06 Ethnobotany and foraging behaviour: a new approach for an emerging problem. Lactuca alpina (L.)
A. Gray and unrelated toxic plants consumed as food
M.L. Colombo a, S.Perego b, C. Vender c, F.Davanzo d
a
Dept. Drug Science and Technology, Via P.Giuria, 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, b Milan Botanical Group, Natural History Museum, C.so Venezia
55, 20121 Milano, Italy, c CRA-MPF, Piazza Nicolini, 6, 38123 Trento, ITALY, d Poison Control Center of Milan, Niguarda Ca" Granda Hospital,
Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italy.
Background: Wild edible plants are found in all climates and terrains. Although most people don’t know exactly which wild plant
to pick up, there is a new trend known as "foraging behavior", where people called "freegans" search for wild edible plants, not to
survive but to be environmentally friendly and "green". But there are many toxic plants that cause serious harm (1, 2).
Objectives: To avoid intoxications when shoots of wild plants are collected during spring time for human consumption. Young
shoots of toxic Aconitum sp., during the spring, in Northern Italy were picked as alpine lettuce Lactuca alpina (L.) A. Gray [Cicerbita
alpina (L.) Wallr.].
Methods: Data were obtained from anonymous medical files concerning expositions and/or intoxications registered by the Milan
Poison Center Niguarda Hospital between 1995 and 2007 (2) and from an ethnobotanical survey in the alpine northeastern valleys.
Results and conclusions: The typical example of intoxications due to a mistake of L. alpina shoots is the misidentification of
plant species containing alkaloids, i.e. Aconitum sp., as reported by Poison Center of Niguarda Milan Hospital. Juvenile Aconitum
sp. plants were accidentally collected with the lettuce or as lettuce, resulting in poisoning. In order to preserve wild L. alpina in its
natural habitat and to avoid severe or fatal intoxications, a research project was started to explore the possibility to domesticate
this species. Preliminary results show that L. alpina cultivations, starting from seed, gave a high green biomass in open fields at
1500 m. above sea level.
Keywords: Lactuca alpina, Aconitum sp., cultivation, intoxication.
References: 1. M.L.Colombo et al. (2010) J. Pharm. Sci. & Res., in press - 2. M.L.Colombo et al. (2009) J. Pharm. Sci. & Res., 2, 123-136.
ISE6-P07 Plants Used as Food and Medicine by Polish Immigrants in Misiones, Argentina
M. Kujawska
University of Wroclaw, Departament of Ethnology, ul. Szewska 50/51, 50-139 Wroclaw, Poland.
Background: Polish peasant families, migrating from temperate climate settled down in subtropical environment in the north of
the province of Misiones, Argentina, between 1936 -1939. New flora which they found in Misiones was the major hindrance in the
continuation of their home medicine and phytotherapy, as known from Poland.
Objectives: To investigate changes in traditional health care practices, and in particular the phytotherapy based on plants used
also in food context by Polish immigrants in Argentina.
Methods: Semistructured and in-depth interviews, freelisting questionnaires with 87 adults of Polish origin and their descendents
living in two settlements, province of Misiones, botanical identification of 43 plant species. The data analysis combines quantita-
tive methods (frequency of occurrence, informant consensus) and qualitative anthropological methods.
Results and conclusions: 43 plant taxa and 5 industrially processed plants are used both as medicine and food. As medicine
188 uses were recorded principally to treat respiratory (20%), gastrointestinal (17,5% ), circulatory (15%) and genitourinary (10%)
disorders. The internal uses (84%) prevail dramatically over the external ones (16%) and leaves are most frequently administered
(55%). In contrast, as food fruits are mostly used (56%). The continuation of Polish pharmacopoeia is observed in the use of 8
cultivated species: Allium sativum, A. cepa, Brassica oleracea, Petroselinum crispum, Mentha spp., Anethum graveolens, Linum
usitatissimum and Piper nigrum. The high percentage of food plants in the pharmacopoeia of Polish immigrants is a result of
reliance on mainly cultivated and exotic species, gathered from home gardens and fields. Most of the medicinal uses are strongly
influenced by the local Mestizo culture.
Keywords: Medicinal resources, medicinal food, Polish immigrants' pharmacopoeia, Argentina.
160 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
ISE6-P08 Wild food plants used by the Walser ethnic minority in the Alps
D. Rivera a, C. Obón b, F. Alcaraz a
a
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, drivera@um.es. b Universidad Miguel Hernández, Depar-
tamento de Biología Aplicada.
Background: The Walser ethnic minority is dispersed over at least four countries in the heart of Europe (Italy, Switzerland,
Liechtenstein and Austria). The Walser share a common language, the "Tisch" or Walser, which belongs to the Germanic group.
Some of them have conserved traditional rural knowledge, including the management and uses of wild plants, others have lost
even their ancestral language.
Objectives: To determine the fungi and vascular plant species named and used by the Walser, particularly as food and medicine,
and to analyze the results within the context of the Alpine cultures and traditions.
Methods: Review of literature, especially local papers and books. Interviews with members of the different Walser societies and
communities in Italy and Switzerland. Collection of voucher specimens and / or photographs of plants, gardens and landscapes in
the different areas.
Results and conclusions: A total of 81 wild species of vascular plants and fungi are (or were) consumed by the Walser. Up to 14
species were not previously reported as food plants in the literature on the Alps or the Italian Peninsula. A 60 % of the species (50)
are a relatively common food in Europe. A 33 % of the species (27) are used in the local folk medicine.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Folk Medicine, Ethnopharmacology.
Acknowledgements: Proyecto CGL2008-04635.
W
Workshops
Talleres
Ateliers
ISE 2010
W1. Challenges for junior researchers
W2. Use of ethnobotanical results in outreach and education: from community workshops to curricu-
lum development and cultural sensitivity training
W3. Commercialization of bioactive compounds or extracts from plants
W4. Herbal medicines, Systems Biology and Synergy
W5. How to write and publish a world-class research article
W6. Continuum between ritual and medicinal plant uses
W7. East meets West – from Traditional Chinese Medicine to modern Phytomedicines
EHPE
W8. Plantas y salud. La etnofarmacología en los programas de acción de las ONGs
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 163
W2-01 Use of ethnobotanical results in outreach and education: from community Workshops to curriculum devel-
opment and cultural sensitivity training
I. Vandebroek
The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx NY 10458 USA
This workshop will look into applied aspects of ethnobotanical research in relation to community outreach as well as education
and training of healthcare providers, students and other stakeholders. Questions to be addressed are: How can the results from
ethnobotanical research be used to adequately and effectively support the communities that ethnobotanists are working with?;
How can we build on and expand education and curricula in schools based on ethnobotanical research? What are new avenues
for ethnobotanical outreach and education? And what are the challenges for the future of Ethnobotany education and outreach in
a constantly changing world?
164 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
W2-02 Missouri Botanical Garden: partnership and capacity building in ethnobotanical research in
Northern Peru
R.W. Bussmann
William. L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, O. Box 299, Saint Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA; rainer.bussmann@mobot.org
Background: The William L. Brown Center (WLBC) is Missouri Botanical Garden’s research unit specializing on plant use. Cur-
rently operating in over a dozen countries, WLBC is one of the largest programs on Economic Botany in the world. Projects con-
ducted by the WLBC include significant training programs ranging from botanical field techniques and ethnobotanical research to
collections management, market development, sustainable production and public health.
Objectives: WLBC has been documenting and preserving traditional knowledge in Northern Peru, in close collaboration with local
universities, herbaria and traditional as well as western clinics.
Methods: Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean "health axis", where the continuous use of more than 500 medicinal
plants has been documented.
Results and conclusions: The WLBC program brings together a unique team of Peruvian and American students and researchers,
traditional healers, western doctors, market venders, plant collectors and community members. The program attempts to document
the use of traditional medicinal plants and the often complex plant mixtures prepared by local healers. In addition, it established
the local infrastructure to conduct bio-assays aiming to verify the efficacy of local preparations and evaluate possible toxicity to
allow a safer use of traditional medicine in public health programs. Local communities are encouraged to establish their own
ethnobotanical gardens through the through the WLBC Sacred Seeds program in order to preserve these important plant resources
an the traditional knowledge attached for the future.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, education, medicinal plants, public health.
W2-03 School kids as Ethnobotanists - Knowledge transmission in the Biosphere Reserve Großes Walser-
tal (Austria)
S. Grasser, C. Schunko, C.R. Vogl
Working group for Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Dep. for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU. Gregor Mendelstr. 33, 1180
Vienna, Austria.
Background: Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is mainly investigated by adults with adults as respondents. Recently also
children’s perspective on plants is increasingly addressed in ethnobotanical research. Hardly any projects are conducted with
children as actors to transmit knowledge in their communities between generations nor is the role of children in the transmission
process addressed sufficiently.
Objectives: The aim of this research project with applied components of research for development is to better understand TEK
on gathered plant species; but also to enhance the intergenerational transmission (IT) of plant related knowledge. Through IT, we
want to increase adult’s awareness of the value of their own knowledge and raise children’s interest in wild plant gathering. In
addition, the documentation of ethnobotanical knowledge through video shall make the results accessible for a broad audience.
Methods: In the seven primary schools of the Großes Walsertal, workshops were held to introduce children to plant gathering.
Afterwards they were motivated interviewing their parents and grandparents with a survey based on previous Freelist-results
including the 20 most frequently mentioned plant species. The collected results were discussed in school-workshops. Children
returned these results to their families. Participatory video-workshops with two groups of children recorded interesting stories
concerning gathering and use of plants in the valley.
Results and conclusions: 506 men and women from the valley participated in the survey. 96% of the 20 plant species from the
survey were known by local people, 81% of the listed plant species were answered to be used as food or drink, in folk medicine,
for customs and ornamental purposes. With this high participation plant gathering became "the hot topic" in the valley. Further
transmission was encouraged through the research process as the value of people’s own knowledge was well recognized by
themselves. The appreciation of nature and related TEK is crucial for a sustainable conservation and use of Biosphere Reserve
resources.
Keywords: community participation, participatory video, intergenerational transmission of knowledge.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 165
W2-04 Sharing traditional ethnobotanical knowledge: some experiences in Madrid Sierra Norte, Astu-
rias, and the Catalan Pyrenees
L. Aceituno-Mata a,b,d, S. Vila a,c, L. Calvet-Mir a, M. Pardo-de-Santayana b, J. Tardío d, T. Garnatje e, J.J. Lastra c, M. Parada f, M. Rigat f,
J. Vallès f , V. Reyes-García g
a
ICTA, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona b Univ. Autónoma de Madrid UAM c Univ. de Oviedo d IMIDRA e Institut Botànic de Barcelona f Univ.
de Barcelona. g ICREA and ICTA, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona.
Background: As researchers realize the importance of returning knowledge to society, outreach activities are becoming more
common in ethnobotanical research. In the recent past, traditional knowledge about the use of wild plants and landraces in the
study areas was discarded due to socioeconomic changes that rendered the knowledge not necessary for survival. However, today
there is a growing interest in recovering this knowledge, both among traditional and new settlers.
Objectives: Here we report outreach activities derived from ethnobotanical research conducted in three rural mountain areas of
the Iberian Peninsula, where traditional ethnobotanical knowledge is now mainly kept by the elders and is eroding quickly.
Methods: To locally disseminate the results of our research, we used a wide range of formats adapted to different sectors of the
population: agriculture calendars widely used by farmers, a memory game with landraces for kids, posters with landraces, illustra-
ted brochures and books co-written by local population and researchers. We also worked with pre-university students who helped
both in the collection and dissemination of ethnobotanical knowledge.
Results and conclusions: To improve our dissemination strategies, we mimic local ways and places of transmitting ethnobota-
nical knowledge, using the local social networks and public open spaces as main squares or markets for some outreach activities.
Finally, we advocate for the active role of the researcher in the community, as a driving force of the process of enhancing traditional
knowledge in the new context of rural communities.
Keywords: Traditional etnobotanical knowledge, outreach activities, result dissemination.
W2-05 Ethnobotanical knowledge and its possible applications: different solutions to make people aware
of its importance in an UNESCO World Heritage Site
V. Savo, G. Caneva
University of Roma Tre, Environmental Biology Dept., Viale Marconi, 446 - 00146 Rome, Italy
Background: Amalfi Coast has always been characterized by a close relationship between people and the environment, which
has contributed to the inscription of its "cultural landscape" within the World Heritage Site list of UNESCO.
Objectives: To evaluate the extent and preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Amalfi Coast, and especially promote its
conservation among the local people.
Methods: A preliminary ethnobotanical random survey (2006-2008) was carried out in order to quantify the extent of EK in the
area. Different actions have been carried out and planned to make people aware of the importance of this kind of knowledge.
Results and conclusions: Many plants (179 species) have an ethnobotanical use in the area; however, it turned out that EK is
disappearing as younger generations (6,8 - mean of cited plants) seem to know less plants than their parents (9,7) and grandpar-
ents (8,6). The results of this research will be published, in scientific papers, but also in a popular guide on the EK of Amalfi Coast
and it will be mainly distributed in local shops. Various meetings were organized to awaken local stakeholders to the importance
of the natural and cultural heritage of Amalfi Coast which contributed to the granting of a project aimed at the valorization of local
plants with ethnobotanical uses or naturalistic value. Their experimental cultivation is giving encouraging results and, at the end of
the project, a meeting involving the local farmers will be organized in order to promote the cultivation of this "unconventional" crop
plants. The setting of an Ethnobotanical educative garden, which may promote the transmission of EK to kids of local schools, is in
phase of definition. Hopefully, all these activities will contribute to the preservation of EK of this World Heritage Site.
Keywords: ethnobotanical knowledge (EK), Amalfi Coast, supporting actions
Aknowledgement: Comunità Montana "Penisola Amalfitana" for granting a great part of the activities here described.
166 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
W2-07 The Open Science Network and New Developments for Ethnopharmacology Education
W. McClatchey a, P. Harrison a, S.A. Vougioukalou b
a
Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 500 East 4th Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4025, U.S.A.
b
School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, U.K.
Background: For the past two years an international network of science educators, students, cultural practitioners and repre-
sentatives of organizations applying educational content in training, have been working together under the name of the Open
Science Network of OSN.
Objectives: This presentation will present the goals and objectives of the OSN and lead in a discussion of ways that members of
the ISE could benefit from and participate in the OSN.
Methods: We expect that the discussion will focus specifically on the subset of Ethnopharmacology education and its future as
well as the educational methodologies that are currently being emphasized.
Results and conclusions: We will present models that have been developed and tested with the OSN. We will suggest ways
that these can be applied for instruction across geographical and disciplinary boundaries.
Keywords: science education; curriculum development.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 167
W2-08 Linking communities and universities: the online Cook Islands Biodiversity and Ethnobiological
Collaborative
S.A. Vougioukalou a, M. Fischer a, G. McCormack b, W. McClatchey c
a
Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canter-
bury, Kent CT2 7NR, U.K. b Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, P.O. Box 781, Avarua, Cook Islands c Botanical Research Institute of Texas,
500 East 4th Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4025, U.S.A.
Background: Using multimedia and online collaborative platforms is an increasingly popular and effective way to enhance tradi-
tional research and teaching methods and produce deliverables that facilitate knowledge dissemination across communities and
disciplinary boundaries.
Objectives: This paper will introduce the use of the Open Science Network in ethnobiological research and teaching in the Pacific
(Hawaii and the Cook Islands) and Europe (UK). Specifically, it will discuss the Cook Islands Biodiversity and Ethnobiology Col-
laboratory as a model "social computing platform" that has been under development funded by the Cook Islands Government with
technical assistance by the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing.
Methods: The project includes asocial computing platform that consists of a participatory web-based application enabling dis-
tributed participants to contribute and amend content, as in a "wiki". This project practically supports local people who record the
detail of their knowledge, society and environment in a form that can be directly and dynamically related to expert scientific infor-
mation about biodiversity and the island ecosystem, relating local knowledge to scientific frameworks for describing ecosystems
and ecosystem services.
Results and conclusions: The Open Science Network facilitates the incorporation of in situ ethnobiological research into under-
graduate and postgraduate teaching programmes in Europe and the Pacific by making high quality teaching resources available
free and online, thereby contributing to a new kind of scholarship that crosses the boundaries between universities and local com-
munities, and delivers benefits to a wider audience.
Keywords: Ethnobiology, biodiversity, online collaborative platforms, community engagement.
W2-09 Intercultural community healthcare Workshops and cultural sensitivity training in medical schools:
examples from Bolivia and New York City
I. Vandebroek, M.J. Balick
The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx NY 10458 USA.
Ethnobotany as a discipline is an ideal vehicle to promote cultural sensitivity and build a trusted relationship during the clinical encounter
between a minority patient and health care provider. To accomplish this, one must generate educational materials and provide training to
clinicians about the traditional knowledge, beliefs and practices of the patient group. We conducted cultural competency training sessions
with several medical schools (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Montefiore Medical Center and Colum-
bia University Medical Center) and a community clinic (Mt. Hope Family Practice) in New York City, and with a medical university center
(Centro Universitario de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Mayor de San Simon) in Bolivia. In New York City, training tools included Powerpo-
int presentations, workshops, role play exercises, tours of the living plant collection at The New York Botanical Garden, guided visitations
of botánicas (community-based shops providing traditional healthcare), classes on ethnomedical Spanish, patient-interviewing and topic-
oriented language immersion sessions during internships in a community clinic. In Bolivia, we organized video-recorded workshops with
local physicians specializing in tropical medicine, medical students, traditional healers and indigenous community members to promote
dialogue about how health conditions prevalent in indigenous communities were recognized by and treated with biomedical and traditional
healthcare. Evaluation of the training program consisted of both oral and written reflections by trainees and community members, as well
as administration of a self-evaluation instrument containing statements related to trainees" knowledge, attitudes and skills. Projects such
as these demonstrate the usefulness of Ethnobotany as an applied tool that extends beyond research and underscores its applicability to
address pressing societal issues, including those related to the existence of health disparities in immigrant and indigenous communities.
Keywords: cultural competency training, medical education, botanical medicines, applied Ethnobotany, community healthcare.
Acknowledgments: Austrian Academy for Sciences, MAB-Programme.
168 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
W3-02 Ethnobotanical, historical and commercial perspectives on natural product development in South
Africa
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2006
Despite the fact that an estimated 25% of the plant species of the world is found in Africa, only a few have hitherto become fully
commercialised as medicinal products. In recent years there has been an upsurge in research and development of new medicinal
products and new medicinal crops.
Some of the best known and most promising South African medicinal plants will be briefly discussed in the context of what is
known about the importance of Ethnobotany, chemistry, pharmacology, horticulture and the marketing approach during the com-
plicated process of commercialisation.
The history of product development relating to the following species will be presented: Agathosma betulina (buchu), Aloe ferox
(bitter aloe), Artemisia afra (African wormwood), Aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea), Cyclopia genistoides (honeybush tea), Har-
pagophytum procumbens (devil’s claw), Hypoxis hemerocallidea (African potato), Pelargonium sidoides (umckaloabo), Sceletium
tortuosum (kougoed), Sutherlandia frutescens (cancer bush) and Warburgia salutaris (pepperbark tree).
The main factors that are apparently responsible for failure or success will be highlighted, especially the importance of marketing
strategy, duration of development, proof of concept and barriers to entry.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 169
W3-03 The road to developing commercially useful products from plant secondary compounds
J.N. Eloff
Phytomedicine Programme, University of Pretoria, Website www.up.ac.za/phyto; kobus.eloff@up.ac.za
We have leaned a number of lessons in our attempts to commercialize plant extracts and isolated compounds from plants. A num-
ber of patents have arisen out of these attempts and one product is currently on the market. Examples will be presented on work
that has been done to deliver a plant extract with double the antioxidant activity of its competitors in the industry, a plant product
with better activity than gentamicin in treating wound infections in rats, a plant extract with the potential to become a tooth paste,
a plant product with excellent and antibacterial activity, a plant product with higher activity than commercial fungicides against
plant pathogens, a plant product with very good anti-Candida activity, a plant product with excellent activity in treating aspergi-
llosis in poultry, and finally a mixture of plant products that can be used to replace antibiotic feed additives in poultry production.
All these lessons will be discussed and our approach to developing commercially useful products will be explained in more detail.
W3-04 Combining modern sciences with ancient knowledge: new products from medicinal plants
Vinesh J. Maharal
CSIR, Biosciences, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa, 0001
Scientific research on traditional medicines can lead to new pharmaceutical products, typically herbal formulations or new chemi-
cal entities. The Bioprospecting research group of CSIR, Biosciences focuses on the discovery and development of herbal remedies
and new drugs based on South Africa’s medicinal plants as well as its rich biodiversity.
An appetite suppressant agent from Hoodia developed by CSIR scientists, promises to become the first natural ingredient for
weight management based on a plant indigenous to the African Continent. The research programme that led to this potential
product started at CSIR in 1963, and included major multi-national companies, farmers and communities. An analysis of the key
innovative steps in the research programme illustrates the value of combining modern science and ancient knowledge on the use
of South Africa’s rich biodiversity.
Hoodia illustrates the potential of bioprospecting to produce significant economic and social benefits for a nation. The processes
leading to the creation and protection of intellectual property, licensing to commercial partners and the benefit -sharing agreement
with the San people, custodians of indigenous knowledge on the use of Hoodia, is discussed.
The progress with Hoodia to date already positioned South Africa as a country with the scientific and technological capability
to produce leads of interest to the multinational companies. The CSIR is currently involved in a number of collaborations with
the industry interested in future inventions that might flow from its investigation of the possible commercial use of the country’s
indigenous plants and knowledge on the use thereof. The ongoing bioprospecting activities of CSIR have produced a rich portfolio
of natural product leads, including potential new treatments for diseases such as malaria, HIV, asthma, diabetes and analgesics.
The further development of these candidates, benefit substantially from the product development platform that resulted from the
Hoodia research programme. Selected leads are discussed using a stage-gate approach.
170 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
Phytomedicines are highly complex, and it has long been considered that their effects are not always due to the presence of a
single "active" molecule. Synergistic effects have been shown to take place between constituents in some cases, and individual
components of a mixture can act on different biological targets related to the therapeutic indication, providing what is sometimes
known as a multi-factorial approach. The session aims to give an overview of these effects and how they can be measured, for
example using metabolomics, as well as the implications for bioassays and evaluating interactions with other herbs and conven-
tional drugs.
W4-02 A place for natural products in the multi-targeted approach to cancer therapy
P. Taylor
Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
ptaylor@ivic.gob.ve
The traditional Western approach to the therapy of cancer, where the cancer cell was targeted with potent cytotoxic drugs, has
long been known to represent a very narrow view of how best to deal with a tumour in a patient. Tumours are no longer considered
to be balls of proliferating cells, but rather a complex microenvironment of cancer, immune, endothelial and stromal cells which
may all be potential targets for therapy. Although cancer therapy continues to rely primarily on cytotoxic drugs, which include the
plant-derived paclitaxel, etoposide and vinca alkaloids, there is a growing hope that synergistic effects may be obtained by attack-
ing the tumour though inflammation-related processes, the tumour blood supply (angiogenesis) or by inhibiting other non-tumour
cells that have been recruited to cooperate in tumour growth. For example, NF-κB is an important transcription factor with both
anti-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory roles. Thus, NF-κB-inhibitory drugs, of which there are dozens in nature, could potentiate the
direct effect of cytotoxic drugs on tumour cells, and/or potentiate their effect by inhibiting chronic inflammatory processes that are
often protumoral. Plants have been shown to contain both direct and indirectly (e.g. anti-inflammatory) active anticancer constitu-
ents and synergy may be more apparent when using whole extracts rather than isolated compounds (1). However, although synergy
may be observed between constituents within a total extract of a single herb, as well as between different herbs in a formulation (2),
perhaps the most promising approach, in the case of cancer, would be to look for synergy between plant extracts, or compounds,
and the highly cytotoxic agents already available.
Keywords: synergy, inflammation, cancer.
Acknowledgements: Proyecto LOCTI, Venezuela
Referencias: 1. Wagner, H. Phytomedicine 2006, 13: SV 122-129. 2. Williamson, EM. Phytomedicine 2001, 8:119:700.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 171
W4-03 Assessing the interaction risks of medicinal plants extract using a metabolomic approach
M. Heinrich, M. Modarai
Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq. London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
Two core challenges in Ethnopharmacology are the study of the phytochemcial complexity of herbal medicines used and their
overall safety. For the first challenge metabolomics, in particular metabolomic fingerprinting offers a state of the art and fast de-
veloping approach for analysing herbal medices. NMR spectroscopy is a key analytical technique in this area and is very sensitive,
non-selective, fast, offers a relatively high-throughput and an uncomplicated sample preparation. It has often been used to assess
the composition of complex mixtures and in the area of herbal medicines the concomitant use of this technique with in vitro or
in vivo pharmacological studies is of particular interest (e.g. Liu et al, 2010 (1); Modarai et al 2010 (2)). For the second challenge a
wide range of in vitro techniques are now available to assess, for example, the interaction potential of herbal medicines (or the
lack thereof (2)).
We have used such a multidisciplinary approach for assessing the link between of in vitro CYP3A4 inhibition (as an indicator of an
extract’s interaction risk) and correlated this with the NMR metabolomic profiles of Echinacea preparations. Six Echinacea Liquid
Preparations were studied in detail. PCA and partial least squares regression analysis were used to identify regions in the NMR
spectra that are associated with CYP3A4 inhibitory activity. In parallel we analysed the alkylamide content of all ELPs to investi-
gate whether particular alkylamides were associated with the more potent ELP. This approach enabled us to better understand the
composition of the various preparations (2).
Overall, this approach offers opportunities to optimise plant extracts in terms of their composition of bioactive substances and
better understand the biological-pharmacological profile of extract based medicines. Such extracts can then be develop into ones
with a more reproducible composition. Using the example of Echinacea and of Devil’s Claw we will discuss the opportunities and
limitations of such an approach in the context of Ethnopharmacology.
Acknoledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the help of various colleagues esp. Prof. A. Kortenkamp and Dr. Min Yang at LSoP and Mr. A.
Suter, Bioforce, CH. Financial support by the Maplethorpe Trust (2008 – 2010) and Bioforce UK/CH (2004 – 2008) enabled us to do this research
References: 1. Liu, N. Q et al (2010) Metabolomic investigation of the ethnopharmacological use of Artemisia afra with NMR spectros-
copy and multivariate data analysis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 128, 230-235. 2. Modarai, M., et al. ( 2010) Metabolomic profiling of
liquid Echinacea medicinal products inhibiting Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Planta medica 76: 378–385.
W6-02 Plants in the Polish church calendar and their apotropaic and medicinal functions
L. Luczaj
Academy of Humanities and Economics in Łód ź, Poland. E-mail: lukasz.luczaj@interia.pl
Background: Peasant life in rural Poland was strongly tied to the cycle of seasonal agricultural activities. Magical means, combi-
ning pagan and Christian beliefs, were employed to provide for the well-being of the farm. Plants were often used in these practi-
ces. There is a need for an overview of the knowledge about the ritual plants of Poland. Although we have an immense quantity of
ethnobotanical documentation, including 19th century voucher specimens of plants blessed on Assumption Day and 20th century
maps of tree species used to decorate houses at Pentecost, these traditions are now decreasing and one of them is already extinct
(decorating thatched roofs with certain apotropaic species on St. John’s eve).
Objectives: The aim of the study is to present ritual plant use in the Polish church calendar and to discuss the relationship bet-
ween the ritual and medicinal plants used.
Methods: Literature data were used as well as the results of photographic documentation performed in 2008-2009 in selected
localities.
Results and conclusion:
1. On Palm Sunday oblong structures are woven using plant material, and blessed as "palms". 2. On the day of Pentecost house
walls are decorated with certain trees species (mainly Tilia and Betula or Acorus calamus. 3. On the eighth day after Corpus
Christi (in June), Oktawa Bo źego Ciała, wreaths of predominantly medicinal plants were woven and brought to church. They
were later hung on the premises and used as incense to protect from summer thunderstorms, to smudge ill people and animals,
or as infusions. In some areas of Poland (e.g. S and SE) the wreaths are mixed, whereas in NE Poland each medicinal species is
woven into a separate wreath. 4. On the 15th of August (Assumption Day) special bouquets are brought to churches, containing
medicinal and apotropaic plants, cereals, vegetables and fruits.
The above mentioned traditions are still practised throughout the whole country although the state of their preservation varies.
They are an important reservoir of the knowledge about medicinal plants. Some plants, formerly used in Ethnomedicine, are
now remembered only as ritual plants. Comparison with the 19th century data shows that the use of around 50% of species has
ceased. On the other hand some new medicinal, crop and ornamental plants have been added.
Keywords: apotropaic, transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge, Assumption Day, Corpus Christi, photographs.
174 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
W6-03 Continuum of medicinal and ritual plant uses in the eastern Himalayas
C. Weckerle
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland. weckerle@ethnobot.ch
Background: In the foothills of the eastern Himalayas, China, we find diverse ethnic groups living in an environment characterized
by a high biodiversity and known for a rich medicinal flora. While some of the groups have a broad knowledge on medicinal plant
uses, others rely mainly on the use of rituals and so-called ritual plants to treat diseases and support well-being. Similar observa-
tions are known from other regions of the world.
Objectives: Knowledge of ritual plants and their uses among different Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups in the Shuiluo Valley, South-
west Sichuan, as well as among ritual specialists is analyzed comparatively.
Methods: Repeated field studies in the area, conduction of semi-structured interviews, pilesorts of plants and photos, participa-
tory observation.
Results and conclusions: Ritual plants are commonly used among the ethnic groups in the Shuiluo Valley and related knowledge
is widespread. While the use of ritual plants may be traced back to ancient Bön-traditions, nowadays the influence of Tibetan
Buddhism is getting stronger and influences the local interpretation of rituals and ritual plant use.
Different types of ritual plants are distinguished: incense plants burned fresh or dry to please the deities and ancestors and thus
to support well being of the communities and families, evergreen plants to invite the deities, and spiny plants to drive ghosts off.
The plants are chosen according to different characteristics such as smell, color and quality of smoke, and habitat. A north-south
gradient can be found in the valley regarding the taxa used.
The daily use of ritual plants links the people with the surrounding landscape and reflects a notion of place and identity.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, ritual plants, incense, China, Tibetan Buddhism.
W6-04 Meaning and medicinal plants: how the meaning of plants influences their effectiveness in human
populations
D.E. Moerman, W.E. Stirton
University of Michigan – Dearborn (USA)
In this illustrated presentation, I argue that many medicinal plants gain at least some of their effectiveness from their meanings
rather than their biological constituents. For example, it is unlikely that an ethnopharmacologist will be able, in her laboratory,
to find appropriate secondary compounds in a plant used by some indigenous people for protecting an infant from evil spirits as
she sleeps in her crib. At the same time, anyone familiar with the Ethnopharmacology of native peoples anywhere recognizes that
plants are used at least as often for such purposes - witchcraft protections, sports medicines (allowing one to run faster while
in a race or while playing a game like lacrosse), hunting medicines to make arrows fly true, medicines to bring back a wandering
spouse, or to weaken an opponent in warfare, etc. - that such treatments are at least as common as are treatments for colds,
wounds, sore eyes, rheumatism, etc. And they are often the same plants.
In particular, I will consider the use of cranesbills (Geranium maculatum, Geraniaceae) by the Iroquois, and yarrow (Achillea mille-
folium, Asteraceae) by the ancient Greeks, plus a range of other familiar plants as used by native Americans and others. I will also
argue that meaning cannot be detected in a laboratory, but can only be gained by talking with the users of the plants; if one has
collected all the medicinal plants and the voucher specimens, and has collected all the native names and uses, but has not asked
about the plants" meanings, the work is not over, but has hardly begun.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 175
W6-05 Masterwort and palm fronds – examples of plant burning in alpine regions of Austria and Switzerland
A. Poncet a, b, S. Grasser a, C. Weckerle b
a
Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences BOKU, Gregor Mendel Stras-
se 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: anna.poncet@boku.ac.at
b
Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
Background: In Europe, ritual plant burning is not a common practice of the medicinal system nowadays. Nevertheless, plant
burning is practiced traditionally in some rural societies. This contribution presents two examples encountered during ongoing
ethnobotanical projects in the Grosses Walsertal, Austria, and in the region of the Napf, Switzerland.
Objectives: The aim of the two projects is to document traditional ecological knowledge and local plant use as expression of cul-
tural identity, thus also practices of plant burning related to religious beliefs and life conditions within the specific cultural context.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with inhabitants of the two respective areas. Participatory observation was
used to identify the plant species and to gain deeper insight in the practices.
Results and conclusions: The masterwort (Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W.D.J. Koch) is known as a medicinal plant in the
Grosses Walsertal. Internal and external uses for different health problems are reported. The smoke of the burned root is said
to be disinfectant. It is used in Ethnoveterinary medicine, but fumigation is also practiced ritually at special days of the year like
Christmas, New Year’s Eve and Epiphany.
Palm fronds are small bunches of several twigs (e.g. Salix sp., Ilex aquifolium L.) differently combined in the Napf-region and the
Grosses Walsertal. The palm fronds are taken to church and blessed during the mass of Palm Sunday. The blessed palm fronds are
then kept at home to protect the family and its livestock from harm during the whole year. If a thunderstorm is coming up, a twig
of the palm frond is burnt in order to avert the danger.
Similar practices of plant burning are known for example from the the Val d’Anniviers, Switzerland (Masterwort) and from Tyrol,
Austria (palm fronds). Plant burning is thus practiced in alpine regions of Europe, but not systematically investigated.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, ritual plants, Ethnoveterinary medicine, traditional ecological knowledge.
W6-06 Ritual Healing and the use of Plant Substances in Western Kenya
F. Okwaro
Department of Anthropology, South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
In the aftermath of the 1978 Alma-Ater conference and the World Health Organization’s exhortation to African countries to em-
brace traditional medicine, many African countries initiated programs aimed at analyzing the therapeutic effects of traditional
remedies with a view to incorporating them in formal health care programmes. While this was a commendable step, a closer look
at this directive and the ways in which it has been actualized in Africa shows that it does not extend to ritual healing. Most of the
initiatives in this regard have concentrated more on herbalism with the setting up of laboratories aimed at not only ascertaining
the therapeutic efficacy of herbs, but creating grounds for their mass industrial production. The result has been the stripping off,
of the ritual aspects in the production and consumption of herbs in the healing process. These developments have however not
dampened the presence of ritual healers and ritual healing in Africa. Outside the bio-prospecting and standardization associated
with the WHO initiative, one finds a parallel and thriving ritual healing practice that incorporates the use of effective physical
and pharmacologic therapies operating at community level and tied to local contexts in Africa. The success or popularity of these
healing practices is tied more to the manipulation by healers of the cosmological repertoire that not only defines health and illness
but defines the appropriate mechanisms for amelioration of social, physical and psychological imbalances. In this paper, I use the
example of Francis Shisia, a famous ritual healer in Western Kenya whose healing rituals combine the use of herbal remedies in
dealing with the myriad of problems brought to his attention by his clients. I argue that with the "modernization" of healing prac-
tices in Africa, ritual healers maintain their popularity more from their ability to locate etiology within the African cosmology and to
discern healing techniques that are sensitive to the understanding of health and disease within this cosmology. With the advance-
ment in means of transport and communication, ritual healers such as Shisia can obtain a wide range of herbal remedies from
within and outside their localities that they incorporate in their overall corpus of healing techniques. Once the cause and range of
an affliction has been determined to the satisfaction of the clients through divination, healing becomes primarily a function of a
successful diagnosis while the use of the pharmacopeia and other reconstructive strategies play a secondary role.
176 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
W6-07 A continuum between pharmacognosy and ritual use in medicinal plants in mother roasting and
steam sauna in tropical Asia and the Pacific: meta-analysis of 100 studies
H.J. de Boer
Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
Medicinal plants have a significant role in regulating pregnancy, during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care in many rural
areas of the world. Plants used in women’s health related conditions such as female fertility, menorrhea, birth control, pregnancy,
birth, postpartum and lactation, including infant care, have been documented for many ethnic groups. In Western traditional medi-
cine the label "old wives" tales" has been applied to all knowledge of interest to women – fertility, birth, childcare – transmitted
orally from one generation of women to the next, and the derogatory label reflects male devaluation and relegation to folklore
of this exclusively female realm of knowledge. This had led to a male bias in research, and scholars have missed a wealth of
knowledge that is held by women.
This study compares plant species used mainly for volatile oil content in mother roasting, steamsauna and steambath rituals to
other uses reported for these species in women’s healthcare in Southeast Asia. The hypothesis is that species reported in multiple
studies are more likely to have volative oils containing bioactive secondary metabolites through which the traditional ritual use can
be explained, than those that are mentioned only once, which may have other necessary functions in the traditional use. Unicates
are also more likely to be reported for benign ailments or chronic complaints related to women’s healthcare, and merge seamlessly
into the realm of ritual use.
W6-08 Ongoing study on incense and ritual plant use by the Bai people in Shaxi, China
P. Staub, C. Weckerle
Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, Switzerland
Background: Humans use smoke since ancient times in rituals and as medicine (1,2). In Shaxi, a remote valley in the Hengduan
mountains of Southwest China (Yunnan province), the majority Bai people and neighbouring ethnic groups use incense and ritual
plants for various religious purposes. The main goal of this study is therefore a comparative analysis of these plants and their use,
as well as finding a rationale for the selection of the specific plants.
Objectives: Documentation and analysis of incense and ritual plant uses and related knowledge, practises, and believes by the
Bai and neighbouring ethnic groups in Shaxi.
Identification of the volatile compounds of the incense and analysis of the correlation between the compounds and specific uses.
Methods: During fieldwork in Shaxi (September 2009 and May-July 2010), semi-structured interviews, participant observation
and pile sorting are used to document the local knowledge; All relevant plant species are vouchered; Volatile compounds of the
smoke are collected using the headspace sorption method and analysed at the Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich,
Switzerland, with a gas chromatographer with mass selective detector (GC-MS).
Results and conclusions: ongoing.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Shaxi, Yunnan, Southwest China, incense, ritual plant, Bai, ethnic minority.
References: 1. Mohagheghzadeh A et al. (2006) Medicinal smokes. JET, 108:161 -184. 2. Zhou, Xun Yu; Gilman, Sander L. (2004) Smoke:
a global history of smoking. London: Reaktion Books.
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 177
W7-01 East meets West– From Traditional Chinese Medicine to Modern Phytomedicines
De-An Guo a, M. Heinrich b
a
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai. b Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of
London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq. London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced in China for thousands of years and played a vital role in treating various diseases
along the civilization of Chinese people, and continues to be popular in modern society, perhaps due to epidemics like HIV/AIDS,
malaria and other diseases like cancer. But due to the complexity and lack of modern scientific knowledge of Chinese Medicine, it
is still hard to be recognized and accepted by the modern world. While it has become an important part of health care in Europe,
North America and Australia, genuine concerns have been raised by the public and contemporary scientists and health practi-
tioners about the efficacy, safety and quality of traditional Chinese medicine. This symposium is intended to address global and
national perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine use and efforts that have been directed toward bridging the gap between the
science of traditional Chinese medicine development and its acceptance by contemporary health care researchers and providers.
W7-02 Anti-oxidant and anti-fatigue and immune modulations of mixture of Ganoderma lucidum, Ameri-
can Ginseng and Fermentation Cordyceps in rats and mice
A. Lu, X. He
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, Tel: 86-10-64067611, Fax: 86-10-84032881, lap64067611@126.com)
Ganoderma lucidum, American Ginseng and Fermentation Cordyceps are commonly used as the reinforcing medicines in China,
and the mixture of extracts from Ganoderma lucidum, American Ginseng and Fermentation Cordyceps (GGF) has been proved by
State Food and Drug Administration of China as a healthy product for anti-fatigue and immune modulation. The pharmacological
activities of GGF on anti-oxidant, anti-fatigue and immune regulation function were investigated. Normal SD rats Balb/c mice
or immunosuppressive Balb/c mice were orally given GGF for 10 days. Body weight and burden swimming time were detected,
levels of serum SOD, MDA , urea nitrogen and IFN-γ were analyzed by corresponding kits, ratio of CD4+T cell with CD8+T cell in
peripheral blood and NK cell activity were detected by FACS. The results showed that GGF could obviously increase serum SOD
level and decrease serum MDA level in normal SD rats. It could also significantly enhance the burden swimming time in normal
mice and decrease the rising content of serum urea nitrogen after strenuous exercise. In addition, GGF was able to improve the
ratio of peripheral CD4+/CD8+ T cells, promote the expression of IFN-γ, and enhance the activity of NK cells in immunosuppressive
mice. The immune regulatory function of GGF was better than using either Ganoderma lucidum, or American Ginseng or Fermenta-
tion Cordyceps alone. It was concluded that GGF could enhance anti-oxidant effect, relieve physical fatigue and improve immune
regulation function.
178 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
W7-05 Authentication of plants used in medicines, especially traditional Chinese medicine: challenges
and opportunities
M.S.J. Simmonds, C. Leon, M.J. Howes, A. Paton, R. Allkin, G.C. Kite, E. Porter
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
We are in a decade when there is an increased interest in looking back as well as forward to the plant world for innovation in
drug design. However, there are some challenges that need to be overcome if the opportunities are to be realised. In the western
world some of the most difficult challenges are associated with getting leads through the different forms of legislation but there
are some basic research challenges that face the scientists at the early stage of a project. Have I collected all the published data
on the plant, how do I get research samples and could I get sustainable supplies? This talk will illustrate some of these challenges
that scientists need to address earlier rather than later if they are to get more of their leads to market. This talk will provide an
overview of how Kew has gone about developing a collection of species used in traditional Chinese medicines that can be used as
standards to check the identity and quality of plants entering the trade in Britain as well as supporting research on these species.
The collection contains samples for DNA based bar -coding, chemical fingerprinting and anatomical analysis as well as traditional
taxonomic specimens. It is also supported by knowledge about the names of the plants being traded.
W8-02 Entre red temática caribeña y ONG internacional: TRAMIL, para identificar, validar, difundir usos
populares de plantas medicinales en relación a la APS.
L. Germosén-Robineau, I. Boulogne
TRAMIL/UAG, apdo 3370 Santo Domingo & Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, el Caribe. www.tramil.net
Antecedentes: Con el fin de determinar los usos populares tradicionales de plantas medicinales en 30 territorios de la Cuenca
del Caribe, una metodología etnofarmacológica cuantitativa original (10% de las familias encuestadas, se descartan los usos
"anecdoticos" o circunstanciales no repetidos en mínimo 20% de las respuestas) tuvo que ser diseñada por TRAMIL en el año 1982
y vigente hasta hoy, en el marco de una investigación aplicada en Salud Pública.
Objetivos: Organizarse para racionalizar las prácticas de salud basadas en el uso de plantas medicinales alrededor de la Cuenca
Caribeña.
Métodos: La decisión de trabajar articulando universidades con servicios de salud en un marco de APS, nos llevo a conformar
una red pluridisciplinaria y multiinstitucional para diseñar una metodología de validación que analice la seguridad y actividades
biológicas de los usos significativos, respetando estrictamente la preparación y la vía de administración tradicionales.
Resultados y conclusiones: Finalmente elaboramos una estrategia de difusión (TRADIF) para su apropiación por los sistemas
oficiales de Atención Primaria de Salud del uso racional validado de plantas medicinales locales, así como la revinculación de
estos análisis a las poblaciones previamente encuestadas y/o participantes.
Palabras clave: Etnofarmacologia, plantas medicinales, atención primaria, Caribe, TRAMIL.
Agradecimientos: UAG, red TRAMIL.
Referencias: 1. TRAMIL (2005) "Farmacopea Vegetal Caribeña" segunda edición, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana, 486pp ill. 2. TRAMIL
(2007) "Plantas medicinales caribeñas para la atención primaria", Manual práctico, Editions Palcograf, La Habana, Cuba, 118pp ill.
W8-05 Recuperación, sensibilización y fomento del uso de las plantas medicinales tradicionales en la
ciudad de Bukavu (R. D. del Congo)
J. García Botía
Umoya-Comité de Solidaridad con África Negra- de Albacete España.
Antecedentes: Umoya-Comité de Solidaridad con África Negra- de Albacete está llevando a cabo junto a Afia ni haki, una
asociación de la ciudad de Bukavu (R. D. del Congo) un proyecto de recuperación, sensibilización y fomento del uso de las plantas
medicinales tradicionales en esta ciudad africana. Las condiciones de pobreza son extremas de manera que la mayor parte de
la población, cuando enferma, carece de asistencia sanitaria ya que aún recibiéndola gratis no dispone de dinero para pagar el
coste de las medicinas. La colonización supuso para ellos, entre otras pérdidas, la pérdida de la soberanía sanitaria. Los ritos y
concepciones de los curanderos tradicionales fueron estigmatizados como "obras del demonio", siendo incluso perseguidos a nivel
local. Las guerras que ha sufrido la región agrava el problema ya que han producido la muerte de gran parte de los "ancianos" y
mayores, los conocedores de los saberes tradicionales. El proyecto cuenta con el apoyo económico del Ayuntamiento de Casas
Ibáñez (Albacete) y la congregación religiosa de las Hermanas Ursulinas
Objetivos: recuperación, sensibilización y fomento del uso de las plantas medicinales tradicionales en esta ciudad africana
Métodos: Hasta la fecha de hoy se está trabajando a nivel de sensibilización en barrios pobres intentando restaurar la confianza
en las plantas medicinales como recurso autónomo que puede mejorar el nivel sanitario en la zona. También se han buscado en
la ciudad a personas conocedoras de las plantas y otros recursos medicinales locales, pidiéndoles colaboración con el proyecto.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se dispone en estos momentos de información de unas 150 plantas medicinales y sus usos. En la
sede de la asociación local se ha creado un jardín con las plantas medicinales locales que se consideran más útiles.
A principios de 2010 empezamos una segunda fase en donde, con la colaboración de un curandero local, se está empezando a
tratar a algunas personas que acuden al centro pidiendo ayuda.
Palabras clave: Plantas medicinales, medicina popular, África, curanderos locales.
182 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
W8-09 La Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia y el uso de los preparados a base de plantas medicinales
S. Cañigueral a,b, B. Vanaclocha a,c
a
Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia. sefit@fitoterapia.net
b
Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona (España).
c
Revista de Fitoterapia. Cita Publicaciones y Documentación. Carlet (Valencia, España).
La Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia, Asociación para el Desarrollo y Estudio de las Plantas Medicinales y sus Aplicaciones
(SEFIT), es una sociedad científica que aglutina a los profesionales de diversos campos (universidad, industria, oficina de
farmacia, consulta médica, etc.) con el objetivo de promover la investigación, la difusión y el uso terapéutico de las drogas
vegetales y sus derivados, en el marco del uso racional y de los criterios científicos, al objeto de favorecer la salud de la
población.
La acción de la SEFIT se desarrolla principalmente a través de la organización de congresos y jornadas específicas sobre
sectores terapéuticos, la participación en actividades docentes para profesionales y la difusión de información a través
de la Revista de Fitoterapia (órgano oficial de la SEFIT que todos los asociados reciben gratuitamente). Además, la SEFIT
colabora con otras sociedades científicas y profesionales en numerosas actividades, y actúa como entidad consultora del
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo en relación con iniciativas legislativas que le puedan concernir.
SEFIT es miembro de ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy) y CIAF (Consejo/Conselho Iberoamericano
de Fitoterapia).
Para más información: http://www.fitoterapia.net/sefit/sefit.php y página 197 de este libro de resúmenes.
Palabras clave: Fitoterapia, SEFIT, Jornadas, Congresos, ESCOP, CIAF, Revista.
184 Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1)
Índice de autores
Author index
Fundado em 22 de setembro de 1998, por um grupo de pro- Rio de Janeiro, alem de quatro jornadas estaduais e mais
fissionais e pesquisadores de diversas áreas relacionadas dois congressos Ibero-Americanos.
aos segmentos de plantas medicinais, fitoterápicos e fito- Conquistamos representações no Ministério da Saúde do
terapia, o Instituto Brasileiro de Plantas Medicinais (IBPM) Brasil, onde contribuímos para a implantação da Fitotera-
é uma associação civil, sem fins lucrativos, de caráter téc- pia no Sistema Único de Saúde, e com a Política e o Progra-
nico - científico , apartidário, constituído por pessoas físi- ma Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos; e ainda
cas e jurídicas, tendo como principal objetivo a proposição na Câmara Técnica de Fitoterápicos da Agencia Nacional
e execução de políticas e estratégias na área de plantas de Vigilância Sanitária, além de participações junto a con-
medicinais e do desenvolvimento de produtos relaciona- selhos profissionais para reconhecimento e normatização
dos, alem da formatação, implantação e desenvolvimento da fitoterapia.
de modelos de fitoterapia no Brasil, com sede e foro na Ampliamos nossa representatividade nacional e interna-
capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. cional, como membros fundadores da Federação Brasileira
Desde a fundação, o IBPM vem atuando junto aos profis- das Sociedades para o Estudo das Plantas Medicinais (FE-
sionais, autoridades e instituições que atuam na cadeia BRAPLAME) e do Conselho Ibero-Americano de Fitoterapia
produtiva das áreas de interesse, com a realização de (CIAF).
projetos e parcerias que contribuíram para a consolidação A partir de setembro do corrente ano passamos a nos de-
do Instituto, incluindo a montagem de biblioteca especia- nominar Associação Brasileira de Fitoterapia (ABFIT) no
lizada, site www.ibpm.org.br , e diversos cursos e eventos sentido de melhor caracterizar os objetivos da instituição
técnico-científicos. e equipará-la às demais associações que compõem o CIAF.
Mantemos convênio com a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pú- É com grande satisfação que passamos a integrar o corpo
blica da Fundação Osvaldo Cruz para a realização de cursos editorial da Revista de Fitoterapia, importante iniciativa
de Fitoterapia e implantação de ambulatórios especializa- que se consolida como veículo de divulgação Ibero-Ame-
dos, que oferecem atendimento e prática em fitoterapia ricano da fitoterapia e para a qual esperamos contribuir
para médicos e nutricionistas, com mais de 300 profissio- significativamente.
nais capacitados. Cordiais saudações,
Realizamos e participamos de diversos eventos com des-
taque para a realização, em parceria com a Associación
Argentina de Fitomedicina (AAF), do Congresso Ibero-Ame- Roberto Leal Boorhem
ricano de Plantas Medicinais, ocorrido em maio de 2004 no Presidente do Conselho Diretor da ABFIT
Revista de Fitoterapia 2010; 10 (S1) 203
i
- Libro: espacio y en una hoja distinta, numerándolos con el mismo
Tisserand R, Balacs T. Essential oil safety. Edinburgh: Chur- guarismo que la figura.
chill Livingstone, 1995.
Unidades, abreviaturas y símbolos
- Capítulo de un libro:
1. Abreviaturas y símbolos: Utilizar únicamente las abrevia-
Bauer R, Wagner H. Echinacea species as potential inmunos- turas estándar. El término completo que esté sustituido por
timulatory drugs. En: Wagner H, Farnsworth N (Eds.) Econo- una abreviatura debe preceder a su primer uso en el texto, a
mic and Medicinal Plant Research Vol 5, pp 253-321. London: no ser que sea una unidad estándar de medida.
Academic Press, 1991.
2. Unidades: las medidas de peso, altura, longitud o volumen
Se incluirán todos los autores. Si hay más de seis, tras el se darán en unidades del sistema métrico decimal, la tempe-
sexto autor se añadirá la partícula et al. ratura en grados centígrados y la presión arterial en milíme-
Tablas e ilustraciones tros de mercurio. En el resto de las medidas se empleará el
sistema internacional de unidades.
1. Adjuntar las ilustraciones, tablas y fotografías o diapositi-
vas que se crean convenientes. Comunicaciones breves
2. Tablas: Presentar cada tabla en una hoja separada. Nume- Su extensión no superará las 2 páginas mecanoscritas. Se-
rar consecutivamente las tablas, incluyendo un breve título guirán las normas generales descritas para los artículos, sal-
para cada una de ellas. En el texto, citar cada tabla con el vo en la estructura. No contendrá resumen ni palabras clave.
número que le corresponda. Mecanografiar el texto explica- Podrá incluir una figura o tabla y un máximo de 5 referencias
tivo en las notas a pie de tabla, no en la cabecera. Explicar bibliográficas.
en ellas los símbolos o abreviaturas no estándar utilizadas.
3. Figuras (fotografías e ilustraciones) serán nítidas y se pre- Envío de manuscritos
sentarán en diapositiva o fotografía sobre papel brillante, no El manuscrito se enviará a la editora en soporte informático
siendo mayores de 203 x 254 mm. Los títulos y explicaciones (disco magnético o e-mail). Se acompañará además de una
se incluirán en los pies de las figuras. Las ilustraciones se carta de presentación que incluya el nombre, dirección, e-
numerarán consecutivamente siguiendo el orden en que apa- mail y teléfono del autor responsable de la correspondencia
rezcan citadas por primera vez en el texto. Cada figura llevará y la aceptación de las condiciones editoriales.
una etiqueta pegada al dorso que indique su número, el nom-
bre del autor y la indicación de cual es la parte superior de Derechos de edición
la figura. Si las fotografías se remiten en soporte informático Los autores, al remitir artículos para su aprobación, acep-
deben tener formato tiff o jpg y un tamaño mínimo de 63 x tan la cesión de derechos de edición a Cita Publicaciones,
98 mm (preferiblemente 80 x 120 mm), con una resolución en caso de que sean publicados. Por ello deberán solicitar
de 300 ppp. En el texto se citarán por su número correspon- autorización para publicar el mismo artículo en otro medio,
diente. Los pies de las figuras se mecanografiarán a doble ya sea escrito o electrónico.
Revista de Fitoterapia: Sumarios www.fitoterapia.net/revista/revista.php
Para solicitar ejemplares sueltos, atrasados o colecciones completas contacte con Ediciones Rol, S.A. (Calle Peris i
Mencheta, 50 · 08032 Barcelona · Tel. 93 200 80 33 · Fax 93 200 27 62 · rol@e-rol.es), o consulte en www.fitoterapia.net.
VOLUMEN 1 estrés oxidativo; Antocianos, colorantes naturales de plantas empleadas en la medicina tradicional
Nº 1. Usos terapéuticos del tomillo; La equinácea de aplicación industrial; Fitoterapia. Vademécum de navarra; Nuevas herramientas de biología molecular
purpúrea; Santolina chamaecyparissus; El hipérico prescripción; Biblioteca. para el control de la calidad de las drogas vegetales;
en el tratamiento de la depresión; El Ginkgo; Modus Volumen 4 Evaluación de la Revista de Fitoterapia según los
operandi, Crema de drenaje linfático; Plantas y medi- criterios de calidad de Latindex; Presente y futuro de
Nº 1. La sumidad florida del espino blanco en tera- las plantas medicinales en España: libro blanco de
cinas; Comunicaciones breves; Biblioteca. péutica cardiovascular; Interés terapéutico de los los herbolarios, de la Fundación Salud y Naturaleza;
Nº 2. Interés terapéutico de la sumidad de espino fitoestrógenos en ginecología: una revisión de las Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
blanco; Aplicaciones clínicas de la hoja de Ginkgo evidencias; El uso del sen durante el embarazo y la
biloba; El lapacho; El Pc-Spes, esperanza en el cán- lactancia; Legislación en Iberoamérica sobre fitofár- Nº 2. Estudio clínico comparativo: gel de árnica frente
cer de próstata; Modus operandi: crema cicatrizante; macos y productos naturales medicinales; Comuni- a gel de ibuprofeno en el tratamiento tópico de la os-
Hipérico: interacciones medicamentosas; Biblioteca. caciones breves; Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo: teoartritis de la mano; Aplicación de las tecnologías
lista de plantas tóxicos; Directiva del Parlamento ómicas a la Fitoterapia; Posibilidades terapéuticas
Nº 3. Fitoestrógenos: Posibilidades terapéuticas; El del bulbo de ajo (Allium sativum); Plantas empleadas
policosanol de la caña de azúcar, aplicaciones en las Europeo y del Consejo sobre medicamentos tradi-
cionales a base de plantas; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca. popularmente en el tratamiento de verrugas; Heme-
hipercolesterolemias y riesgo vascular; Materias pri- roteca; Biblioteca.
mas para la industria de productos fitofarmacéuticos; Nº 2. Los extractos de Monascus purpureus en la
Modus operandi: crema gel antiinflamatoria tópico; prevención y tratamiento de la aterosclerosis; Co- Volumen 8
Constitución de la Sociedad Española de Fitoterapia; mercialización y conservación de especies vegetales Nº 1. Evaluación de un preparado de Coriolus versi-
Nefropatía irreversible por utilización de especies de medicinales en Paraguay; Propiedades antioxidantes color en pacientes con lesiones cervicales por papilo-
Aristolochia spp.; Biblioteca. del hidroxitirosol procedente de la hoja de olivo (Olea mavirus; Helichrysum italicum, una planta mediterrá-
europaea L.); Comunicaciones breves; Creación del nea con potencial terapéutico; Maca (Lepidium peru-
Nº 4. Gel de áloe; La hoja de Gymnema sylvestre:
nuevo comité de medicamentos a base de plantas de vianum Chacón): composición química y propiedades
¿droga hipoglucemiante?; el mate; Las primeras noti-
la EMEA; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
cias médicas sobre el uso médico del tabaco; Modus farmacológicas; Nicolás Monardes (1943?-1580): el
operandi: gel para rosácea; Proyecto de Real Decreto Volumen 5 introductor de la flora medicinal americana en Euro-
por el que se regulan los medicamentos a base de Nº 1. Constituyentes fitoquímicos del arándano ame- pa; El Libro Blanco sobre el papel de la Fitoterapia en
plantas medicinales; Nuevo portal de Fitoterapia; ricano (Vaccinium macrocarpon) y sus beneficios para el tratamiento de la menopausia en España; Algunas
Biblioteca. la salud; Medicamentos a base de plantas en Europa: reflexiones sobre cuestiones de seguridad de los
Volumen 2 situación y perspectivas de futuro; Estudio descripti- productos fitoterápicos chinos; Estudio toxicológico
vo de la dispensación de fitoterapia en la farmacia y farmacológico de los extractos hidroalcohólicos
Nº 1. El extracto lipídico de Sabal serrulata en el catalana; Los productos naturales en la innovación de algunas especies de Smilax de Centroamérica;
tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata; farmacológica; Lignanos (1): estructura y funciones Comercialización de productos elaborados a partir de
Flavonoides y fitoterapia; ESCOP y el desarrollo de en las plantas; Modus operandi: gel antivaricoso; plantas aromáticas y medicinales de cultivo ecológi-
la fitoterapia en Europa; Desarrollo de Medicamen- Hemeroteca; Biblioteca. co en Cataluña; Comunicaciones breves; Hemeroteca;
tos fitoterápicos a partir de plantas medicinales en Biblioteca.
Guatemala; El entorno etnobotánico mediterráneo y Extra. El mestizaje cultural en etnofarmacolo-
la fitoterapia; Aspectos terapéuticos de la Cimicifuga gía. Libro de ponencias del V Coloquio Europeo de Nº 2. Evaluación clínica de la eficacia aguda de un
racemosa; Utilización del Vitex agnus-castus en gine- Etnofarmacología. 288 páginas. preparado de valeriana y lúpulo en la mejora del
cología; Aceite de borraja como fuente de ácido gam- Nº 2. Bases químicas y farmacológicas de la utiliza- sueño; Fitoterapia y salud sexual; Exxenterol®, un
ma-linolénico: revisión; El fitoplancton como media- ción de la sangre de drago; Los parámetros de seguri- extracto con actividad hipolipemiante; Ganoderma
dor de la disponibilidad iónica del agua de mar; Soja: dad en Fitoterapia; Lignanos (2): actividad farmacoló- lucidum, un hongo con propiedades inmunoestimu-
¿coadyuvante en dietas de adelga-zamiento?; Nuevas gica; Actividad de un licuado de Allium sativum (cul- lantes; Evaluación de la eficacia y seguridad d e
perspectivas para el quimiotipo TOAF de Uncaria to- tivar morado) frente a larvas L3 de Anisakis simplex un preparado a base de lúpulo, equinácea, bardana
mentosa (uña de gato); Comparación de los efectos s.l.; Plantas usadas en la práctica etnoveterinaria en y vitamina E en el tratamiento oral del acné leve a
obtenidos en mujeres menopáusicas con diferentes el Nuorese (Cerdeña, Italia); Modus operandi: lini- moderado; Uso medicinal de Atractylis gummifera en
preparados comerciales a base de soja frente a te- mento oleocalcáreo; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca. Guadiana del Caudillo (Badajoz, España), toxicidad y
rapia hormonal sustitutiva; Potencial terapéutico de especies afines; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
sangre de drago; Farmacología y clínica de Vaccinium Volumen 6
Volumen 9
myrtillus; Protocolos de actuación farmacéutica en la Nº 1. Hipérico en el tratamiento de la depresión leve
dispensación de la fitoterapia; Empleo de Rauwolfia a moderada: eficacia clínica y seguridad del extracto Nº 1. Interacções entre preparações à base de plan-
serpentina en la terapéutica psiquiátrica: aspectos WS®5570; Antihiperlipemiantes de origen vegetal; tas medicinais e medicamentos; Interés de la flor de
históricos; La AEMN en internet; Mesa redonda: La Hoja de congorosa (Mayteni folium); Lignanos (3): hibisco en problemas cardiovasculares; Fitofarmacos
formación y la divulgación de la fitoterapia. Retirada enterolignanos y actividad estrogénica; Plantas utili- en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa crónica;
de productos a base de Kava-kava; Biblioteca zadas en procesos inflamatorios y cancerosos en el El uso tradicional de las especies del género Diosco-
área del Caribe; Plantas medicinales en la medicina rea; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Nº 2. La Fitoterapia: ¿una terapéutica para el tercer
tradicional de Navarra: primera aproximación; Heme- Extra. Libro de Resúmenes del 2º Congreso Ibe-
milenio?; Ginseng; La corteza de sauce como analgé-
roteca; Biblioteca.
sico y antirreumático; Actividad inmunomoduladora roamericano de Fitoterapia. 184 páginas.
de las plantas (I); ; Prohibición de uso del PC-Spes; Nº 2. Futuro en la investigación en Fitoterapia: ten-
Nº 2. El uso de las isoflavonas para el alivio de los
Condiciones especiales para la importación de anís dencias y retos; El aceite esencial de Melaleuca alter-
síntomas vegetativos de la menopausia: una revisión
estrellado procedente de terceros países; Biblioteca. nifolia en el tratamiento de la vulvovaginitis; Posible
hepatotoxicidad del rizoma de cimicífuga; Efecto an- de las evidencias; Actividad de un extracto de equiná-
Extra. 50 th Congress of the Society for Medicinal cea purpúrea frente a los virus de la influenza H1N1,
tioxidante de un extracto de semilla de uva en pacien-
Plant Research. Libro de ponencias del cogreso. 360 H5N1 y H7N7; A raiz de pelargónio; Aspectos botáni-
tes diabéticos tipo 2; Manzanillas ibéricas: historia y
páginas. cos y farmacológicos del género Sideritis; Diterpenos
usos tradicionales; Especies medicinales y tóxicas del
Volumen 3 género Lepechinia Willd. (Labiatae) en Venezuela; Es- en inflamación: las Labiadas como paradigma; Grupo
tudio fitoquímico y evaluación del analgésico de Erica de medicina tradicional totonaca Tuwan. Su aporte a
Nº 1. Uña de gato; Hierbaluisa; Efectividad de un la atención de la salud en el municipio de Zozocolco
hidrolato de plantas medicinales en la mejoría de scoparia L.; Actividades biológicas de Xenophyllum
poposum Phil. (Asteraceae), planta del altiplano chi- de Hidalgo, Veracruz (México); Hemeroteca; Biblio-
diferentes trastornos de la micción; Vara de oro. As- teca.
pectos botánicos y terapéuticos; Actividad inmuno- leno; Estudio de la actividad neuroprotectora de vinos
moduladora de las plantas; Fichas técnicas de Ginkgo jóvenes monovarietales de la Comunidad de Madrid; Volumen 10
biloba y de Valeriana officinalis como integrantes de Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
Nº 1. Arándano americano (Vaccinium macrocarpon):
especialidad farmacéutica publicitaria; Reseña del Volumen 7 conclusiones de la investigación y de la evidencia
50th Annual Congress of the Society for Medicinal Nº 1. El fruto de sauzgatillo en el tratamiento del clínica; Bayas de Goji (Lycium barbarum L.): aspectos
Plant Research; Biblioteca. símdrome premenstrual; Efecto analgésico de un farmacológicos y de eficacia; Os óleos essenciais
Nº 2. La hoja del guayabo en el tratamiento de afec- extracto estandarizado de harpagofito; Proyecto de como agentes anti-parasitários; Efectos del zumo de
ciones gastrointestinales; Fitoterapia y diabetes; atención primaria a base de fitomedicamentos en las alcachofa en el tratamiento de las molestias digesti-
Fruto del sauzgatillo (Vitex agnus-castus): de la droga provincias argentinas de Misiones, Santa Fe y Bue- vas. Resultados de un estudio observacional; Análisis
al medicamento; Bases farmacológicas y clínicas del nos Aires “Cultivando Salud”; Revisión de la literatu- de la pervivencia, difusión y productividad de la Re-
extracto de Vitis vinifera en patologías asociadas al ra sobre la toxicidad del sen; Actividad antioxidante vista de Fitoterapia; Hemeroteca; Biblioteca.
C/ Peris i Mencheta, 50 · 08032 Barcelona
· Diseño, maquetación, impresión de publicaciones científicas
· Publicidad, packaging, identidad corporativa, web
PRESENTACIÓN:
A LA
Caja con 20 ampollas de 10 ml autorrompibles.
T I V
AC
INGREDIENTES: jugo de rábano negro*
(Raphanus sativus L. var. niger), extracto de
cardo mariano* (Sylibum marianum L.), si-
DETOXIFICACIÓN rope de agave,* extracto de alcachofa* (Cy-
ENZ nara scolymus L.), aroma natural de limón,
IMÁ aceite esencial de manzanilla romana* (An-
TIC themis nobilis L.). *Ingredientes procedentes
A de la Agricultura Biológica certificada por
FR-BIO-01.
MODO DE EMPLEO: Sabor a
SOLICITA INFORMACIÓN EN:
Tomar 1-2 ampollas al día, LIMÓN Y
Polígono Polinasa · C/ Sector Avinganya-2 MANZANILLA
25180 Alcarràs · Lleida · España antes de desayuno,
Tel.: 973 75 00 61 · Fax: 973 75 00 40 comida o cena.
e-mail: info@d-intersa.com COMPLEMENTO ALIMENTICIO 100% NATURAL
La Baya de Acaí de Brasil es un “superalimento” debido al
alto contenido de componentes antioxidantes polifenólicos
tales como antocianidinas, flavonoides y proantocianidinas.
www.solgarsuplementos.es
De venta en los mejores establecimientos
especializados en complementos alimenticios. 91 637 74 12
Hace ya 20 años que las Arkocápsulas aparecieron en la farmacia española. Desde entonces, han sabido conquistar la
confianza de los profesionales de la salud hasta convertirse en el máximo referente en fitoterapia. La clave de este éxito:
ofrecer un producto de máxima calidad y eficacia gracias al innovador proceso de criomolienda (molienda de la parte
activa de la planta a – 196º) que respeta la integridad de la planta.
Todo ello unido a su amplia variedad de referencias y su asequible precio, hacen de ellas una respuesta ideal a los
trastornos cotidianos de sus pacientes.