Typical Design of One Industrial Building

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Company Profile
Introduction:
We are pleased to introduce ourselves as a reputed and experienced consulting firm involved in
the building planning, Analysis, Design and Drawing of various Architectural & Civil
engineering structures. We have been offering our services since last fifteen years, in the various
fields. We have wide experience in dealing with all kinds of structures such as multistoried
buildings, Memorial Complexes, Office Complexes, Cultural Centers, Ranga Mantapa’s, Sports
Complexes, Swimming Pools, Water Tanks, Surveying and layout development.
The key points of our successful track record of our firm are:
 Timely services.
 Safe, Aesthetic and economic designs
 Modern methods of Analysis and Design
 Fully computerized procedures
 Design as per Indian Codes of practice
 Self explanatory working drawings
 Quick implementation of client’s changing needs
 Well documented design report
 Working to the satisfaction of Clients
Services Offered:
Our services in various disciplines are:
Civil Engineering Design:
 Architectural Planning & Design
 Structural Analysis & Design
 Structural drawing
 Architectural working drawings
 Estimation
Civil Engineering Page 1

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 Tender Documents
 Periodical Supervision
Repair & Rehabilitation:
 Rehabilitation of structure
 Water proofing
 Cracks in buildings
 Non destructive testing
Computer Applications:
 CAD Conversion
 STAAD PRO 2006
Clients:
Some of our Clients are:
 Commissioner, Hubli – Dharwad Municipal Corporation, Hubli.
 MD, KSSIDC Bangalore.
 Karnataka Pollution Board.
 Vice Chancellor University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad
 Bijjal Associates, Architects Hospet.
 Bharath Associates, Archirects Hospet.
 Katti Associates, Architects Bijapur.
 BDK industries Hubli
 Manjunath Kunnur MP Dharwad South.
 Basant Betons Bangalore.
Industrial Training is most useful subject to learn the practical and professional skills, it’s
essential to an Engineer as it helps us to know practical things which will enhance confident of a
student before entering in to professional field. The Industrial training was carried out at B. M.
Associates, Structural consultancy, Hubli.
Works Assigned
1) Field study
2) Modelling, analysis, designing and detailing of G+3 building.

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The project involves analysis with the aid of suitable software tools i.e Staad pro. Staad pro is
one of the most widely used tools for structural analysis and design. Using this software a model
of building was developed. Generally a few structural components like slabs, beams, staircase
are designed manually for practical difficulty reasons. Before doing the modelling, load
calculations for dead load and live load are done manually. After modelling the Structure, all
calculated loads are applied and static analysis was done in Staad pro software and design has
been done manually.
CHAPTER 2
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARES USED IN TRAINING
The training allowed for us a great opportunity to acquaint with different software’s like
 STAAD PRO
 AutoCAD
STAAD PRO
STAAD or (STAAD.Pro) is a structural analysis and design computer program originally
developed by Research Engineers International in Yorba Linda, CA. In late 2005, Research
Engineer International was bought by Bentley Systems
Staad pro is an extremely versatile and powerful program with many features and functions. It is
a sophisticated, user friendly, special purpose analysis and design program developed
specifically for building systems. It features an intuitive and powerful graphical interface. It has
explicit modelling, analytical, and design procedures; all integrated using a common database.
Although quick and easy for simple structures, it can also handle the largest and most complex
building models. Its mission is to provide the profession with the most efficient and
comprehensive software for the analysis and design of buildings. To that end, the current release
follows the same philosophical approach put forward by the original programs, namely:
 Any building configuration is possible with Staad pro.
 Many of the floor levels in buildings are similar and this reduces computational effort.
 Input and output conventions used correspond to common building terminology.
 With Staad pro, the models are defined logically floor-by-floor, column-by-column, bay-
by-bay and wall-by-wall and not as a stream of non-descript nodes and elements as in

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general purpose programs. Thus the structural definition is simple, concise and
meaningful.
 In most buildings, the dimensions of the members are large in relation to the bay widths
and storey height
 Those dimensions have a significant effect on the stiffness of the Frame. Staad pro
corrects for such effects in the formulation of the member stiffness, unlike most general-
purpose programs that work on centreline- to-centreline dimensions.
 The results produced by the programs should be in a form directly usable by the engineer.
General-purpose computer programs produce results in a general form that may need
additional processing before they are usable in structural design.
AUTOCAD
All the drawing and detailing works were done by making use of AutoCAD 2010, released by
AUTODESK Inc. As such, this is the pioneering software in CAD. AutoCAD is a vector
graphics drawing program. It uses primitive entities- such as lines, poly-lines, circles, arcs and
text- as the foundation for more complex objects. AutoCAD’s native file format, DWG, and to a
lesser extent, its interchange file format, DXF has become the standards for interchange of CAD
data.
PROCEDURE
Plan of the building in AutoCAD was drawn; format was changed to dxf format and imported to
Stadd pro. It is very particular that the whole drawing should be in one layer. In Staad pro, the
unit was set as KN-m. After this the building frame was set using beams and columns. Different
sizes of beams and columns were defined by giving their section size and material properties;
and then the beams and columns were assigned. Before assigning slabs local area axis are to be
set from building setting options. Staircase waist slab has to be designed as one-way slab so deck
slab was used. The slabs are to be meshed properly for accurate analysis. This should be done in
such a way that the slab should be continuous in all directions. For shear wall, wall element has
to be selected. After defining all the components we can replicate the structure by giving storey
heights. Loads such as dead load, live load, floor finish load were applied and the building was

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analyzed to get the forces and moments. The design of footings, staircase slab, floor slabs and
water tank were done manually.
General features of building:

 It is a G+3 storey residential building.
 Soil investigation was carried out and S.B.C of soil is 200 kN/m2.
 Depth of foundation below ground level is 5’- 4” (1.6m). Height of plinth above ground
level is 2.5’- 0” (0.75m) and 0.5’ (0.15m) below ground level.
 Storey heights from floor to floor are 10’ - 8” (3.0m).
 Materials to be used are M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
 Masonry walls will be of brick blocks. Ground floor walls will be supported on plinth
beams. Flooring is of ceramic tile
CHAPTER 3
Plan and modeling of G + 3 residential building
Frames in all the three directions are considered and are analyzed for all types of loads. The
design is carried out as according to IS: 456-2000. Design aids of SP-16 are considered for the
design of column.
The process of structural design consists of the following Phases:

Phase-I This stage involves the Framing Plan/Key Plan/Shuttering Layout:
 Tentative Beam Layout with sizes based upon the Deflection criteria has to be fixed.
 Tentative Column position with sizes has to be fixed.
 Tentative or Final thickness of slab has to be fixed.
Phase –II This stage involves the Load calculations.
The various loads to which a building is subjected to are given below;
 Dead loads.
 Live loads.
 Roof loads

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Fig.1
Fig. 2: Slabs and column positions of Proposed G + 3 building
Architectural plans were provided. With the given plan, beam column layout was plotted, with
the help of which slabs were identified as one way, two way and cantilever

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Load calculations:
Unit weight of structural members
Element Length Breadth, Height/Depth, (m) Density,(kN/m3) Ultimate

(m) (m) Weight,(kN/m2)
Slab 1 1 0.13 25 4.875
Wall 1 0.23 2.895 20 19.98
Partition wall 1 0.115 2.895 20 9.98
Beam/Column 1 0.23 0.38 25 3.28
Parapet wall 1 0.115 1.5 25 6.5
Loads applied on model:

Dead loads are according IS 875 (part 1):
1. DL on slab:
Self wt of slab = 4.875 kN/m2
Floor finish = 1 kN/m2
Partition wall load = 1 kN/m2
Ultimate DL on slab =7.875 kN/m2
2. DL on beams:
Self wt of slab beam = 3.28 kN/m2
Wall load = 19.98 ≈20 kN/m2
Partition wall load = 9.98 ≈ 10 kN/m2
Live loads are according to IS875 (part 2):
 Live load on slab = 2 kN/m2
 Ultimate LL on slab = 3 kN/m2
Total Load on slab = 10.875 kN/m2 ≈ 11kN/m2

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Phase –III It involves analysis of the structure for the determination of internal design forces
(like bending moment and shear force) in the members and behaviour of structures under the
action of these forces.
Phase -IV This stage involves the fixing of final sizes of members which is iterative process and
detailing of reinforcement for resisting the design forces.
Phase -V Drawing, Detailing, Scheduling and Specification

This stage involves preparation of working, drawing, giving sizes of the members, detailing of
the reinforcements, preparing bar bending schedules and schedule of quantities giving
specifications of material notes and special instruction, if any.
Load on beams, the brick masonry has done for external & internal wall Take the density of
brick work = 20 KN/m3
Modeling and Analysis:

Modeling and analysis was carried out using STAAD Pro 2007 software.
Staad Model:
Fig.3 Wall loads

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Fig. 4 Properties assigned to each section
Slab load
For residential building slab load will be 11kN/mm2
Self weight of slab = (0.130 x 25) = 3.25 kN/mm2
Parapet load and partition wall load = 2 kN/mm2
Live load = 2 kN/mm2

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Factored load = 1.5
Total load 11 kN/mm2
CHAPTER 3
Design of sections
Slab
Slabs are to be designed under limit state method by reference of IS 456:2000.
When the slab are supported in two way direction it acts as two way supported slab.
A two way slab is economical compared to one way slab.
Design of Slab
Slab name S1
Size 4.41m x5.59m

Type Two way slab
Width of slab 1000mm
Assumed slab thickness 130mm
Grade of concrete (fck) 20N/mm2
Grade of reinforcement (fy) 500 N/mm2
Type of slab Two edge discontinuous
Ratio of long span to short span ly/lx = 1.2
Short span Negative moment at 0.05

continuous edge
Positive moment at midspan 0.038
Long span Negative moment at 0.047
continuous edge

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Positive moment at midspan 0.035

Dead Load calculation for floor slabs:
 Self Weight of Slab = 0.130 x 25.0 = 3.25 KN/m
 Floor load = 1.00 KN/m
 Parapet load = 1.00 KN/m
As per IS 875-1987 live load for commercial buildings = 2 .0 KN/m

Total load on the floor = 7.25 KN/m
Factored load= 7.25 x 1.5 = 11 KN/m2
Slab load = 11Kn/m2
MX = αx w lx 2
MY = αy w lx 2
Calculation of Bending Moments:
Short Span Moments
At Continuous Edge:
MX = 0.05 x 11 x 4.412
= 10.69 KN-m
At mid span:
MX = 0.038 x 11x 4.412
= 8.129 KN-m
Long Span Moments
At Continuous Edge:
My = αy w Lx2
= 0.047 x 11x 4.412
= 10.05 KN-m
At mid Span:
My = αy w Lx2
= 0.035 x 11 x 4.412
= + 7.48 KN-m
Vu = Wu x l/(2)
= 31kN

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Check for effective depth required:

MU = 10.32 KN-m
dreq = sqrt(𝑀𝑢0.133 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏)
dreq = 62 mm < Provided 130 mm.
Calculation of Reinforcements:
MUX -ve = 10.69 KN-m
MUX +ve = 8.129 KN-m
MUY -ve = 10.05 KN-m
MUY +ve = 7.48 KN-m
Calculation of steel
AST= 190mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
Mu = 0.87 fyAstd (1-𝑏𝑑𝑓 )
𝑐𝑘
Provide 10 mm dia bars
Spacing=(ast/Ast)*1000
Provide 10 mm diameters at 200mm c/c

Spacing should not exceed: (clause-20.3.3-b)
 3d = 3 x 130 =390 mm
 300 mm
Distribution Steel = (0.0012 x 1000 x 130) = 156mm2
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 300mm c/c
Check for shear
Shear force = V = wl/2 = 31x5.49/2 = 86 kn
𝑣 31 𝑋 1000 𝑛
τv = 𝑏𝑑𝑢 = = 0.23 𝑚𝑚2 = nominal shear stress
130 𝑋 1000

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% of reinforcement = 100 Ast/bd = 190x100/ 120x1000 = 0.145%
τc= 0.36 n/mm2, table 19, IS456-2000
τc>τv,
∴ safe
Check for Deflection:

Area of tension steel provided = 1000*78.53/200 = 392.65 mm2
% Tension reinforcement = (448.74 x 100) / (1000 x 115) = 0.35%
Fs = 0.58 x 500 x 306.25/448.74 = 200 N/mm2
Modification factor = 1.7
L/d permissible = 35.4 x 1.7 x 1 x 1 = 60.18
L/d provided = 4461/130 = 34.31 Hence safe
Name S2
Slab type One way slab

Length 2.97m
Load 11KN/m2
MU WU x l2/10
=11 x 2.972/10
=9.70KN-m
Vu = Wu x l/(2)
= 15 kN
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
Mu = 0.87 fyAstd (1-𝑏𝑑𝑓 )
𝑐𝑘
Ast= 473mm2
Provide 10mm diameter bars
Spacing =(ast/Ast)*1000
=166mm
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 150mm c/c.
Distribution steel = 0.12%bd = 0.12% x 1000 x 130 = 156mm2

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Provide distribution of 10mm diameter bars at 300mm c/c

Check for shear
𝑣 15 𝑋 103 𝑁
130𝑋 1000
𝑛
% of reinforcement = 100 Ast/bd = 180x100/ 120x1000 = 0.363𝑚𝑚2
τc= 0.32 n/mm2, table 19, IS456-2000
τc>τv,
∴ Hence safe

(L/d)max = (L/d)basic x Kt x Kc x Kf) Kc= Kf = 1
Pt = (100 x 473/1000 x 130) = 0.363N/mm2
(L/d)max = 1.3(46/2) = 30
(L/d)actual = (2700/130) = 21
(L/d)max>(L/d)max
Name S3
Slab type One way slab
Length 1.18m
Load 11KN/m2
MU WU x l2/10
=11 x 1.182/10
=2.29KN-m
AST=(0.5 fck/b) sqrt((1-4.6*Mu/fck*b*d2))bd
=230mm2
Spacing=(ast/Ast)*1000
=350mm
Provide 10mm diameter bars at 200mm c/c.
Check for shear
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Shear force = v = wl/2 = 11 x 1.18/2 = 7.5 kN
Vu= 1.5x 7.5 = 11.25kN
𝑣 20.34 𝑋 103 𝑁
130 𝑋 1000
% of reinforcement = 100 Ast/bd = 230x100/ 130x1000 = 0.176%
τc= 0.29 N/mm2, table 19, IS456-2000
τc>τv,
Hence safe

(L/d)max = (L/d)basic x Kt x Kc x Kf) Kc= Kf = 1
Pt = (100 x 273/1000 x 130) = 0.176N/mm2
(L/d)max = 1.4(46/2) = 32.2
(L/d)actual = (2700/130) = 9.07
(L/d)max>(L/d)max
Slab name Reinforcement along long Reinforcement along short span

span
S1 10 mm dia at 200mm c/c 10mm dia bars at 300mm c/c
S2 10mm dia bars at 150mm c/c 10mm dia bars at 300mm c/c
S3 10mm dia bars at 200mm c/c 10mm dia bars at 300mm c/c
BEAMS
• Beam is a member which transfers the loads from slab to columns and then foundation to soil.

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• Beam is a tension member.
• Span of slabs, which decide the spacing of beams.
• Following are the loads which are acting on the beams.
• Dead load
• Live load
DESIGN OF BEAMS
Depth to be provided for beam
Sl.No Span Range Loading Span/depth

1 3m to 4m light 15 to 20
2 5m to 10m Medium to heavy 12 to 15
3 >10m Heavy 12
Types of Beam
1) “T” beam
2) “L” beam
3) “Rectangular” beam
Breadth (bf) of beams
1) For “T” beam bf = ((0.7 x leff))/6 + bw +6 Df
2) For “L” beam bf = ((0.7 x leff)/12)) x bw x 3 Df
3) For Rectangular beam bf = bw
bw = width of beam
Df = depth of beam
Design of “L” beam

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Effective Length 4.41m
Type of beam “L” beam
Span to depth 4410/20
= 220mm
Provide “d” 225mm
Cover 50mm
Total depth “D” 300mm
Size of beam 230mm x 300mm
Self weight (0.23 x .3 x25 x 1.5)
=2.58 KN/m2
Wall load (0.23 x 2.7 x 20 x 1.5)
= 18.63 KN/m2
Total load 21.21 KN/m2
Clear span Effective span +effective depth
=4.66m
Ultimate moment and shear force
MU = WU X l2/(10)
= 21.21 x 4.662/(10)
= 46.05 KN-m
Vu = WU x l/(2)
= 21.21 x 4.66/(2)
= 49.44KN
Tension reinforcement
M ulim = 0.138 fck b d2
= 0.138 x 20 x 230 x 3002

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= 49.68 KN-m
For “L” beam
bf = ((0.7 x leff)/12)) x bw x 3 df
= 620 mm
Ast = (0.5 fck/fy)(1-sqrt((4.6 x Mu)/(fck x bf x df2))( bf x df)
= (0.5x 20/500)(1-sqrt((4.6 x 46.05 x 10^6)/(20 x 620 x

2
270 ))(620 x 270)
= 410mm2
Area of 10mm diameter bars = 78.53 mm2
Area of 12 mm diameter bars = 202 mm2
Hence provide 3 – 12mm diameter bottom straight bars
2 – 12 mm diameter bottom curtail bars
3 – 10 mm diameter top straight bars
2- 12 mm diameter top curtail bars
Check for shear stresses
Vu =49.44KN
Nominal shear reinforcement
VUS = (0.87 x fy x Asv x d)/ (SV)
VUS = VU – 058(bd)
= 49.44 – (0.58 x 230 x 250)
=17 KN
SV = (0.87 x 500 x 50.2 x 275)/(17000)
=310 mmc/c

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Hence provide 8mm diameter bar as shear reinforcement at 200mm c/c at support section and at
250mm c/c at mid span
Design of “Rectangular beam”
EffectiveLength 2.97m
Type of beam “Rectangular” beam
= 149mm
Cover 50mm
Self weight (0.23 x .225 x25 x 1.5)
=1.94 KN/m2
Wall load (0.23 x 2.75 x 20 x 1.5)
18.97 KN/m2
=3.2 m
MU = WU X l2/(10)
= 20.91 x 3.22/(10)
= 21.05 KN-m
Vu = WU x l/(2)
= 20.91 x 3.2/(2)
= 66.912 KN

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For “Rectangular” beam
bf = 230 mm
= (0.5x 20/500)(1-sqrt((4.6 x 21.05 x 10^6)/(20 x 230 x 1952))(230 x 195)
= 297mm2
2– 10 mm diameter top straight bars
1- 10 mm diameter top curtail bars
Vu =66.91KN
VUS =(0.87 x fy x Asv x d)/ (SV)
VUS = VU – 058(bd)
= 66.91 – (0.58 x 230 x 185)
=23 KN
SV = (0.87 x 500 x 50.2 x 275)/(23000)
=261 mmc/c
Design of beams with point load

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In order to design beam with point load (primary beam) first we have to design secondary beam
Secondary beam
EffectiveLength 2.97m
Type of beam “Rectangular” beam
= 149mm
Cover 50mm
Self weight (0.150 x 0.23 x25 x 1.5)
=1.29 KN/m2
Wall load (0.150 x 2.775 x 20 x 1.5)
12.48 KN/m2
=3.2 m
MU = WU x l2/(10)
= 20.91 x 3.22/(10)
= 14.10 KN-m
Vu = WU x l/(2)
= 20.91 x 3.2/(2)
= 22.032 KN
For “Rectangular” beam

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bf = 230 mm
Area of steel reinforcement
= (0.5x 20/500)(1-sqrt((4.6 x 14.10 x 10^6)/(20 x 150 x 1852))(150 x 185)
= 218mm2
Vu =22.03KN
VUS = VU – 0.58(bd)
= 22.03 – (0.58 x 150 x 185)
=6 KN
SV = (0.87 x 500 x 50.2 x 275)/(23000)
=261 mmc/c
Design of primary beam
EffectiveLength 5.49

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Type of beam “T” beam
= 366mm
Cover 50mm
Self weight (0.230 x 0.450 x25 x 1.5)
=3.88 KN/m2
Wall load (0.230 x 2.55 x 20 x 1.5)
=17.595 KN/m2
Slab load (1) =11 x 5.49/(20)
=30.195KN/m
Slab load (2) = 11 x 2.97/(2)
=16.335 KN/m
Total load 68 KN/m
=5.94 m
Load from two secondary
Beam = 22.032
MU1 = WU X l2/(10)
= 68 x 5.942/(10)
= 239.92 KN-m

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Vu = WU x l/(2)
= 68 x 5.94/(2)
= 201.96 KN
Moment from first secondary
Beam MU2 = W ab2/(l2)
= 22.032 x 1.94 x 3.052/(5.492)
= 13.192 KN-m
Moment from another
Secondary beam MU2 = W ab2/(l2)
= 22.032 x 0.91 x 4.112/(5.492)
=11.23 KN-m
For “T” beam
1) bf = ((0.7 x leff))/6 + bw +6 Df
= 1010 mm
Area of steel reinforcement
= (0.5x 20/500)(1-sqrt((4.6 x 255 x 10^6)/(20 x 1010 x 4102))(1010 x 410)
= 1582mm2

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4– 16 mm diameter top curtail bars
Vu =22.03KN
VUS = VU – 058(bd)
= 22.03 – (0.58 x 150 x 185)
=6 KN
SV = (0.87 x 500 x 50.2 x 275)/(23000)
=261 mmc/c
DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Columns
Columns are compression members.
• Larger spacing columns cause stocking columns in lower stores of multi storied buildings.
• Columns are transmitted loads which are coming from slabs to foundations. Larger spans of beams
shall also be avoided from the consideration of controlling the deflection & cracking.
The column takes load of: (a) Slab loads (b) Beam loads (c) Wall loads (d) Self. Wt of column

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Results of axial force from Staad pro analysis
COLUMN GROUPING
Column group Column names Axial force Moment

name
I C4, C5, C6 1169 kN 22 kN-m
II C2, C3, C8, C9 853 kN 31 kN-m
III C1, C7, C10 585 kN 26 kN-m
Group C1
Breadth 230mm
Depth 300mm
fck 20N/mm2
fy 500N/mm2
Pu 1169 kN
Mu 22 kN-m
d'/D 0.16
Non dimensional parameters
(Pu/fckbD) = (1169 x 103/25 x 300 x 300)
= 0.847

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(Mu/fckbD2) = (22 X 106/20 x 300 x 3002)
= 0.047
Longitudinal reinforcement
Refer chart 32 of SP: 16
(p x fck) = 0.03
P = 0.10 x 20 = 2
Asc = (pbD/100)
= 1380mm2
Provide 4 numbers of 16mm diameter bars and 2 numbers of 20mm diameter bars.
Lateral ties
Tie diameter not less than 1.(1/4 of diameter)
2. 6mm
Hence provide 8mm ties
Adopt 150mm spacing of bar.
Group C2
Breadth 230mm
Depth 300mm
fck 20N/mm2
fy 500N/mm2
Pu 830 kN
Mu 31 kN-m
d'/D 0.16
(Pu/fckbD) = (830 x 103/20 x 230 x 300)
= 0.60

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(Mu/fckbD2) = (31 X 106/20 x 230 x 3002)
= 0.074
(p x fck) = 0.18
P = 0.18 x 20 = 3.6
Asc = (pbD/100)
= 2484mm2
Provide 6 numbers of 25mm diameter bars
Lateral ties
2. 6mm
Group C1
Breadth 230mm
Depth 300mm
fck 20N/mm2
fy 500N/mm2
Pu 585 kN
Mu 26 kN-m
d'/D 0.16
(Pu/fckbD) = (1169 x 103/20x 230 x 300)
= 0.42

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(Mu/fckbD2) = (26 X 106/20 x 230 x 3002)
= 0.062
(p x fck) = 0.06
P = 0.06 x 20 = 1.2
Asc = (pbD/100)
= 828mm2
Provide 6 numbers of 12mm diameter bars
Lateral ties
2. 6mm
Design of Footings
Footing
PU = 1170KN
1170
P= = 780𝐾𝑁
1.5
P= Load +10% total load
= 780+10%(780)
∴ 𝑃 = 858𝐾𝑁
SBC of soil is 200kn/m2

858
Area of footing = 200 = 4.29 mm2

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
∴provide 2.1x 2.1 m
Factored Load= 780 x1.5=1170Kn
𝑃 1170𝑥103
Upward soil pressure = 𝐴 = 2.1𝑥2.1
= 265.35kn/m2
Bending:-
For longer direction:-

𝑤𝑙2 265.35𝑥2.12
MU= =
2 2
MU = 101.27 kn-m
For shorter direction:-
MU = 20.77kn-m
Mumax = 101.27 kn-m
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 101.27𝑥106
d = √0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏 = √0.138𝑥20𝑥1000 = 191.55mm
Since one way shear will be critical increase the depth twice to thrice
∴ 𝑑 = 350mm D=400mm
MUlim=0.138fckbd2=0.138x20x1000x3502=338.1knm
Mumax< Mlim
∴ Singly reinforced
For longer direction:-

𝑀𝑈 338.1𝑥106
= = 2.76
𝑏𝑑2 1000𝑥3502
Ref SP 16 Page num 48
Pt= 0.955%x1000x400=3820mm2
𝜋
𝑥162
Ast = 43820 𝑥1000 = 52.6𝑚𝑚
Provide 16# @100mmc/c along longer direction

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
For Shorter direction:-

𝑀𝑈 20.77𝑥106
= = 0.17
𝑏𝑑2 1000𝑥3502
Pt= 0.17%x1000x900=680mm2
𝜋
𝑥162
4
Ast = 𝑥1000 = 295.67𝑚𝑚
680
Provide 16# @290mmc/c along shorter direction

100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100𝑥3820
𝜏c = = 1000𝑥450 = 0.21
𝑏𝑑
𝜏c = 0.34N/mm2
𝜏c> 𝜏 v Safe therefore the depth provided is sufficient
Conclusions:
 Industrial training builds up confidence in fresh engineers as more practical part is learnt
than theoretical education.
 It gives us a bench to learn the things well which is very fruitful.
 My training with B.M .Associates consultants (P) Ltd has been an eye-opening as well as
an enriching experience for me. I gained an in-depth and thorough knowledge on the
Structural Engineering Practices exercised by Engineers in India.
 I got to know some thumb rules used in designs which are worth carrying. This is very
important for any structural engineer.
 I understood that concepts are more important than procedures also any engineer should
remember that first preference is safety and next is economical designs.
 Site visit is must for Site visits not only for a person who is in charged but also for a
person who is designing. Site visits helped me a lot about how the work is carried out
from working drawings to construction, problems associated with it and laying of bars
especially in slabs.
 It gives us a bench to learn the things well which is very fruitful.

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
 One aspect of my training that I feel really good was I had got an opportunity to design
combined footings for a number of buildings with different constraints, from which I got
to know how to handle the problems and find solution for it.
 I would like to commend on my supervisor, Mr B. Mahesh. His support has been
invaluable throughout this period and I am very indebted for his kind contributions to my
development as a Structural Engineer.
 By this report I conclude that industrial training at “B. M. ASSOCIATES” has given me
management skills, design skills & wonderful experience which is essential for the
engineers who are at the budding stage.

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
6 References:
 Ashok kumar Jain, “Reinforced concrete Structure by Limit state method of Design,” (IS:
456-2000),5th Edition, Newchand & bros Publication, Rourkee.
 Dr. N. Krishna Raju, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (IS: 456-2000),”
(Volume I & II), CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
 IS 456:2000,”Indian standard plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice,”(fourth
revision), Indian Standard Institution, New Delhi.
 SP- 16-1978, “Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456,” Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
 IS: 875-1987 (Part 1 - Dead Loads), “Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than
Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2002.
 IS: 875-1987 (Part 2 - Imposed Loads), “Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than
Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
1989.

Typical Design of One Industrial Building

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Typical Design of One Industrial Building

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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Civil Engineering Page 1

Civil Engineering Page 2

Civil Engineering Page 3

Civil Engineering Page 4

General features of building:

The process of structural design consists of the following Phases:

Civil Engineering Page 5

Fig. 2: Slabs and column positions of Proposed G + 3 building

Civil Engineering Page 6

Unit weight of structural members

Element Length Breadth, Height/Depth, (m) Density,(kN/m3) Ultimate

Loads applied on model:

Civil Engineering Page 7

Phase -V Drawing, Detailing, Scheduling and Specification

Modeling and Analysis:

Fig.3 Wall loads

Civil Engineering Page 8

Fig. 4 Properties assigned to each section

Parapet load and partition wall load = 2 kN/mm2

Live load = 2 kN/mm2

Civil Engineering Page 9

Factored load = 1.5

Total load 11 kN/mm2

A two way slab is economical compared to one way slab.

Size 4.41m x5.59m

Width of slab 1000mm

Assumed slab thickness 130mm

Grade of concrete (fck) 20N/mm2

Grade of reinforcement (fy) 500 N/mm2

Type of slab Two edge discontinuous

Ratio of long span to short span ly/lx = 1.2

Short span Negative moment at 0.05

Civil Engineering Page 10

Positive moment at midspan 0.035

 Floor load = 1.00 KN/m

 Parapet load = 1.00 KN/m

As per IS 875-1987 live load for commercial buildings = 2 .0 KN/m

Civil Engineering Page 11

Check for effective depth required:

Provide 10 mm dia bars

Provide 10 mm diameters at 200mm c/c

Check for shear

Shear force = V = wl/2 = 31x5.49/2 = 86 kn

Civil Engineering Page 12

% of reinforcement = 100 Ast/bd = 190x100/ 120x1000 = 0.145%

τc= 0.36 n/mm2, table 19, IS456-2000

Check for Deflection:

Slab type One way slab

Civil Engineering Page 13

Provide distribution of 10mm diameter bars at 300mm c/c

τc= 0.32 n/mm2, table 19, IS456-2000

Check for Deflection:

Shear force = v = wl/2 = 11 x 1.18/2 = 7.5 kN

Vu= 1.5x 7.5 = 11.25kN

% of reinforcement = 100 Ast/bd = 230x100/ 130x1000 = 0.176%

τc= 0.29 N/mm2, table 19, IS456-2000

Check for Deflection:

Slab name Reinforcement along long Reinforcement along short span

Civil Engineering Page 15

• Beam is a tension member.

• Span of slabs, which decide the spacing of beams.

• Following are the loads which are acting on the beams.

Depth to be provided for beam