REGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE S. PAST /PARTICIPLE S. P. 3º PERSON MEANING

Add Added Adds Agregar
Agree Agreed Agrees Acordar
Answer Answered Answers Responder
Appear Appeared Appears Aparecer
Arrive Arrived Arrives Llegar
Ask Asked Asks Preguntar
Borrow Borrowed Borrows tomar prestado
Call Called Calls Llamar
Carry Carried Carries Llevar
Change Changed Changes Cambiar
Clean Cleaned Cleans Limpiar
Close Closed Closes Cerrar
Compare Compared Compares Comparar
Cook Cooked Cooks Cocinar
Copy Copied Copies Copiar
Cover Covered Cobres Cubrir
Cross Crossed Crosses Cruzar
Drop Dropped Drops Caer
Escape Escaped Escapes Escapar
Finish Finished Finishes Terminar
Happen Happened Happens Suceder
Help Helped Helps Ayudar
Jump Jumped Jumps Saltar
Like Liked Likes Gustar
Listen Listened Listens Escuchar
Live Lived Lives Vivir
Look Looked Looks Mirar
Miss Missed Misses Extrañar/fallar
Move Moved Moves Mover
Need Hended Needs Necesitar
Open Oponed Opens Abrir
Saint Painted Paints Pintar
PicK Picked Pickes Escoger
Play Placed Plays Jugar – tocar
Repair Repaired Repairs Reparar
Repeat Repeated Repeats Repetir
Report Reported Repots Informar
Rescue Rescued Rescues Rescatar
Save Saved Saves Rescatar
Serve Served Serves Servir
Stara Started Starts Empezar
Stay Stayed Stays Permanecer
Stop Stoped Stops Detener
Study Studied Studies Estudiar
Talk Talked Talks Hablar
Travel Traveled Travels Viajar
Try Traed Tries Tratar/probar
Type Typed Types Mecanografiar
Use Used Uses Usar
Visit Visited Visits Visitar
Wait Waited Waits Esperar
Walk Walked Walks Caminar
Want Wanted Wants Querer
Match Watched Watches Ver
Wish Wished Wishes Desear
Work Worked Works Trabajar
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 IRREGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE CONTINUOUS MEAN

Awake Awoke Awoken / Awaked Awaking Despertar

Be Was / Were Been Being Ser / Estar
Beat Beat Beaten Beating Golpear
Begin Began Begun Beginning Empezar
Bite Bit Bitten Biting Morder
Blow Blew Blown Blowing Soplar
Break Broke Broken Breaking Romper
Bring Brought Brought Bringing Traer
Build Built Built Building Construir
Burn Burnt / Burned Burnt / Burned Burning Quemar
Buy Bought Bought Buying Comprar
Catch Caught Caught Catching Atrapar
Choose Chose Chosen Choosing Elegir
Come Came Come Coming Venir
Cut Cut Cut Cutting Cortar
Do Did Done Doing Hacer
Draw Drew Drawn Drawing Dibujar
Dream Dreamt / Dreamed Dreamt / Dreamed Dreaming Soñar
Drink Drank Drunk Drinking Beber
Drive Drove Driven Driving Manejar
Eat Ate Eaten Eating Comer
Fall Fell Fallen Falling Fallar
Feed Fed Fed Feeding Alimentar
Feel Felt Felt Feeling Sentir
Fight Fought Fought Fighting Pelear
Find Found Found Finding Encontrar
Fly Flew Flown Flying Volar
Forbid Forbade / Forbad Forbidden Forbidding Prohibir
Forget Forgot Forgotten Forgetting Olvidar
Forgive Forgave Forgiven Forgiving Perdonar
Get Got Got / Gotten Getting Obtener
Give Gave Given Giving Dar
Go Went Gone Going Ir
Grow Grew Grown Growing Crecer
Have Had Had Having Tener
Hear Heard Heard Hearing Oír
Hit Hit Hit Hitting Golpear
Hold Held Held Holding Sostener
Keep Kept Kept Keeping Continuar
Know Knew Known Knowing Saber
Learn Learnt / Learned Learnt / Learned Learning Aprender
Leave Left Left Leaving Abandonar
Lend Lent Lent Lending Prestar
Let Let Let Letting Dejar / Permitir
Lose Lost Lost Losing Perder
Make Made Made Making Hacer
Mean Meant Meant Meaning Significar

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Meet Met Met Meeting Encontrar/se
Pay Paid Paid Paying Pagar
Put Put Put Putting Poner
Read Read Read Reading Leer
Run Ran Run Running Correr
Say Said Said Saying Decir
See Saw Seen Seeing Ver
Sell Sold Sold Selling Vender
Send Sent Sent Sending Enviar
Sing Sang Sung Singing Cantar
Sit Sat Sat Sitting Sentar
Sleep Slept Slept Sleeping Dormir
Speak Spoke Spoken Speaking Hablar
Spell Spelt / spelled Spelt / spelled Spelling Deletrear
Spend Spent Spent Spending Gastar
Steal Store Store Stealing Robar
Swim Swam Swum Swimming Nadar
Take Took Taken Taking Tomar
Teach Taught Taught Teaching Enseñar
Tell Told Told Telling Decir
Think Thought Thought Thinking Pensar
Understand Understood Understood Understanding Entender
Wake Woke Woken Waking Despertar
Wear Wore Worn Wearing Vestir
Win Won Won Winning Ganar
Write Wrote Written Writing Escribir

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PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT TENSE
Verb tense: the tense of a verb that suggests actions or the situation at the time of speaking or writing.
EXAMPLES
 I am too friendly.
 You know VIP, they are flamboyant.
 They write for the “Cosmopolitan” magazine.

PRESENT PERFECT
Form of verb: the form of a verb that suggests that an action has been completed, formed in English by
preceding the verb with "have" or "has" and usually ending the verb with "-ed," e.g. "have departed"
EXAMPLES
 Walter has got three dogs and 8 cats in his apartment!
 We have rejected a lot of clerks this week.
 Have you vivited your Doctor?

PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Form of verb: a form of a verb that is used to form complex tenses, as are "loving" and "loved" in
English, and may also be used as an adjective.
EXAMPLES
 I have just called you.
 It has lost too much gasoline.
 They have won their third medal.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Form of verb: the form of a verb that suggests a progressive or active sense and that ends in "-ing" in
English, e.g. "flying". Using the auxiliary “be”.
EXAMPLES
 You are running faster.
 I am listening to you.
 It is working hard.

PAST TENSES

PAST TENSE
Verb tense expressing past events: a verb tense expressing something that happened or was done in
the past. In the sentence "I felt very proud of them," the verb "felt" is in the past tense.
EXAMPLES
 I bought a computer for my son.
 He felt ill all night long.
 We visited the museum of Louvre in Paris.

PAST PERFECT
Verb tense with "had": a verb tense formed with "had" that expresses an action completed at a more
distant time in the past, that is, a time previous to the past time specified or implied elsewhere in the
passage. In the sentence "She had thought seriously about the implications of what she was doing," the
verb "think" is in the past perfect tense.

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EXAMPLES
 I had seen a terrible accident when I was in shopping.
 She had flown in her brother’s airplane.
 They had accepted their boss offer.

PAST PARTICIPLE
Participle expressing action in past: a participle that expresses past time or a completed action. It is
used with auxiliaries to form perfect tenses in the active voice and all tenses in the passive voice.
In the sentence "I waited until he had rung the bell," the past participle is "rung."
EXAMPLES
 They had loved their dog until it died.
 You had been the Mayor of the City for 5 years.
 It had eaten its food.

PAST PROGRESSIVE
Expressing continuous action in the past: describes an aspect or form of a verb, expressing
continuous action occurred in the past. Formed by using the auxiliary “was – were” and adding the suffix
“-ing”
EXAMPLES
 I was playing deck tennis with some friends when the cruise ship hit a cargo ship.
 The weather was fine, the sun was shining.
 She was sitting in her chair.

FUTURE TENSES

FUTURE TENSE
Tense expressing future: describes a verb form or tense that expresses actions or states that are
going to happen or have not yet happened. Using the auxiliary “will”.
EXAMPLES
 We will let you know tomorrow.
 I won't be back until late.
 You will call me, won't you?

FUTURE PERFECT
“will have" form of verb: the form of a verb expressing a completed action in the future, as "will have
finished" does in the sentence "They will have finished by tomorrow"
EXAMPLES
 You will have rejected too much jobs.
 The storm will have stoped in an hour.
 We will have done our rout for the trip.

Future Tenses
Explanation
Be Going To
Form
The be going to future is formed with the verb be + going + the infinitive.
Jean is going to learn to drive.
Tim and Ann are going to travel abroad next year.

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Meaning
We use going to for plans and intentions. The plan may be in the near future, or more distant.
I´m going to do lots of work this evening.
After I finish University I´m going to travl all over Europe.
We also use going to for predictions, when there is some evidence in the present situation, for
example we can see something.
Look out! Those books are going to fall!

Will
Explanation
The will future is formed with the infinitive without to. The negative of will is won´t.
Meaning
We use will to talk generally about future beliefs, opinions, hopes and predictions. A prediction
is what you think will happen.
Jim will pass all his exams. It will rain tomorrow.
I´ll be late tonight. He will come to the party.
Sometimes we emphasise that we are not certain. We can use perhaps, probably, think or
expect.
Jim will probably pass all his exams. I expect it will rain tomorrow.
Perhaps I will be late tonight. I think he will come to the party.

Don´t know Perhaps Think Probably Expect Sure

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I won´t be at school on Friday. Won´t = will not

Questions
Will the shop be open tomorrow?
Will I leave? Will he leave? Will we leave?
Will you leave? Will she leave? Will they leave?
Will it leave?

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MUST – SHOULD – WOULD

Must: Core Meaning: a modal verb indicating that somebody is compelled to do

something because of a rule or law, or that it is necessary or advisable to do
something.

VERBO AUXILIAR: NECESSITY

tener que, deber
I must be on time debo llegar a la hora
Do you have to leave now? yes, I must ¿tienes que marcharte ahora? - sí, debo
I mustn't be late no tengo que llegar tarde, no debo llegar tarde
It must be about 6 o'clock deben de ser las seis
They must have arrived by now ya deben de haber llegado

Modal verb
1. be forced: to be compelled to do something because of a rule or law
You must stop when the light is red.
All guests must vacate their rooms by 12 noon.
2. be necessary: to be important or necessary for doing something
Henceforth, he said, the central organizing principle of all governments must
be the environment.
Health care insurance must be affordable.
3. be certain: indicates that somebody is sure that something is the case
This must seem strange to you.
Those must be your footprints in the garden.
4. indicates belief: indicates that somebody concludes that something is the case
on the basis of the available evidence
Paleontologists know that primates must have immigrated to South America
sometime before 28 million years ago.
5. used to make suggestions: used to make suggestions or invitations or to
give advice
You must see a doctor.
6. intend: to intend or be determined to do something (formal)
I must call the company.
Noun
7. something essential: something that is essential or obligatory
Formal attire is a must at a state dinner.
Prefix
8. essential: absolutely necessary or highly recommended for somebody
(informal) (added to a verb to form a noun or adjective) a must-win situation

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Should Core Meaning: modal verb indicating that something is the right thing for
somebody to do
You should get more exercise.
I should have told her I was leaving.
The report recommended that children should be tested regularly...

VERBO AUXILIAR
What should I do? ¿qué debería hacer?
You shouldn't do that no deberías hacer eso
That should be long enough debería ser lo suficientemente largo
You should have heard him! ¡tendrías que haberle oído!

Modal verb
1. expressing desirability: expresses desirability or rightness
You should work less.
2. expressing likelihood or probability: to be scheduled or expected to be or
do something
I should be back by 12.
The scissors should be in the second drawer down.
They should have arrived at Grandma's by now.
3. expressing conditions or consequences: used to express the conditionality
of an occurrence and suggest it is not a given, or to indicate the consequence of
something that might happen (used in conditional clauses)
If anything should happen to my car, I'd be heartbroken.
Should you have any questions, our staff will be available to help.
"If I should die, think only this of me..." (RUPERT BROOKE The Soldier 1887-
1915)
4. would: used to mean the same thing as the verb would (used with "I" or "we")
If we spent that much every month, we should soon run out of money.
I should love to meet her.
5. reporting past viewpoint about future: used when reporting something
such as somebody's words or thoughts from a past perspective about a future
event
It was intended that the library should be for the use of everyone.
He was eager that I should meet his publisher friend.
6. used to soften harsh words: used to soften a blunt statement or make one
more polite
I should hope you're sorry now.
7. I should used to advise somebody to do something
I should take him up on his offer, if I were you.

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Would Core Meaning: used to express the sense of "will" in reported speech or when
referring to an event that has not happened yet
Susan didn't think she would pass.
It would be wrong to suggest otherwise.

VERBO AUXILIAR
I would help if I could te ayudaría si pudiera
I said that I would go dije que iría
I told him I would not leave unless .... le dije que no me iría a no ser que ...
would you like to go to the movies? ¿te gustaría ir al cine?
would you mind if I smoked? ¿le importa si fumo?
would you tell her that ...? ¿le podrías decir que ...?
would you close the door? ¿podrías cerrar la puerta?
I would have told you but ... te lo habría dicho pero ...
I would not have been so angry if ... no me habría enfadado tanto si ...

Modal verb
1. used with "if" clauses: used in stating what will or suggesting what might
happen under the circumstances described in the conditional clause
You would know him if you saw him.
My mother would be annoyed if I were to come home late.
2. polite request: used in making polite requests or offers
Would you mind closing the window?
Would you like more coffee?
3. habitual action: used to indicate that a past action was habitual
Every Sunday we would drive out to Coney Island.
Would that
1. Used to introduce a strong desire or wish, usually one that is not expected to be
fulfilled (formal)
Would that we had never met.