AIRFRAMES – TYPICAL ULTILEARN QUESTIONS

1. An undercarriage should be as light as possible because?

a) It is dead weight when airborne

b) It places high loads on the wing mountings
c) It is difficult to retract
d) Heavy undercarriages damage runways

2. Which part of an undercarriage system normally has to be disconnected before towing?

a) The nose-wheel steering

b) The uni-directional torsion link
c) The nose-wheel brakes
d) The oleo nitrogen reservoir

3. Where are an aircraft's main wheels often stowed during flight:

a) In the wings
b) In the tail
c) In the oleos
d) In the ailerons

4. To get the best possible performance an aircraft must be designed to have the minimum
possible:

a) Thrust
b) Cross-section area
c) Drag
d) Lift

5. The ideal shape of a window in an aircraft fuselage is:

a) Square
b) Elliptical
c) Rectangular with rounded corners
d) Round

6. A multi-spar wing layout is particularly useful in constructing wings for what type of aircraft?

a) High speed
b) Low speed
c) Low level
d) Trainers

7. Aircraft wing ribs often have large lightening holes in them. What is a possible use for these
holes:

a) To prevent condensation
b) To allow fuel to flow along the wing
c) To allow the wing to flex more
d) To prevent corrosion
8. Why are aircraft engines placed as close as possible to the aircraft's centreline?

a) To prevent yaw when an engine fails

b) To reduce fuel weight in the outboard wing sections
c) To prevent pitch when an engine fails
d) To prevent roll when an engine fails

9. Steel is an alloy of:

a) IRON
b) MAGNESIUM
c) ALUMINIUM
d) TITANIUM

10. What is the main advantage of composite materials when used in airframe construction:

a) Available in a wider colour range

b) Low resistance to radio and radar signals
c) Very high SWR and low weight
d) Subject to galvanic action

11. Yaw is controlled by:

a) Airbrakes
b) Rudder
c) Elevators or foreplanes
d) Ailerons

12. Which plane of movement is controlled by elevators of foreplanes

a) PITCH
b) DIVE
c) ROLL
d) YAW

13. At a precise temperature two pieces of titanium pressed together will fuse and become a
single piece. This process is called:

a) Diffusion bonding
b) Fusion bonding
c) Diffusion bending
d) Reinfusion blonding

14. Many aircraft have diagonal ties between the wing and the fuselage - this type of construction
is called:

a) Braced Monoplanes
b) Braced Biplanes
c) Diagonal Monoplanes
d) Tied Biplanes
15. Squeezed in closed compression dies and Upset are two of the three main classes of forging,
what is the third?

a) Drawn up
b) Drawn out
c) Drawn over
d) Badley drawn

16. Drawn out and Squeezed in closed compression dies are two of the three main classes of
forging, What is the third?

a) Lopsided
b) Happy
c) Topset
d) Upset

17. Pneumatic systems work in a similar way to hydraulic systems, except that pneumatic systems
use high-pressure?

a) Fuel
b) Water
c) Gas
d) Air

18. In order to reduce the risk of fire from hydraulic fluids they are usually:

a) INHABITED
b) INEBRIATED
c) INUNDATED
d) INHIBITED

19. Which of the following are components of a Pneumatic System?

a) Pressure Gauges and Fluid

b) Fluid and Valves
c) Pressure Gauges and Valves
d) Air and Fluid

20. The wings, fuselage and tail are three of the four main components of an airframe. What is the
fourth?

a) The undercarriage
b) The rudder
c) The flaps
d) The canards

21. An OLEO PNEUMATIC undercarriage system compresses:

a) Water
b) Oil
c) Air or nitrogen gas
d) Liquid oxygen
22. The main structural link between an aircraft's wings and tail unit is called?

a) The control link

b) The ailerons
c) The fuselage
d) The undercarriage

23. Nose-wheel or tricycle undercarriages have two main disadvantages, they are stronger and
therefore heavier than tail-wheels and?

a) Damage is greater if a nose-wheel collapes

b) The C of G is forward of the main wheels
c) The pilot's view is impaired
d) There is more tendency to float on landing

24. In a transport aircraft, to what approximate altitude is the fuselage pressurised?

a) 24m (80ft)
b) 4200m (13,500ft)
c) 240m (800ft)
d) 2400m (8000ft)

25. What type of wing skin construction is normally used for aircraft of medium-to-high speed?

a) Fabric skin
b) Composite skin
c) Stressed skin
d) Stretched skin

26. What is the main purpose of an aircraft's wings:

a) To carry fuel
b) To generate lift
c) To support engines
d) To overcome drag

27. What type of wing skin construction is normally used for aircraft of medium-to-high speed:

a) Stressed skin
b) Composite skin
c) Stretched skin
d) Fabric skin

28. Which plane of movement is controlled by the rudder?

a) YAW
b) SLIP
c) ROLL
d) PITCH
29. Which control surfaces are hinged to the fin spar?

a) Elevators
b) Rudder
c) Ailerons
d) Fin

30. Titanium has only recently become widely available in airframe construction, so it is quite:

a) Expensive
b) Malleable
c) Rare
d) Heavy

31. Rather than making stressed wing skins by fastening stringers to the skin; the skin, stringers
and spar flanges can all be machined from a single piece of alloy, called a?

a) Billet
b) Bullet
c) Boltit
d) Bluetit

32. Steel is an alloy of?

a) Iron
b) Titanium
c) Aluminium
d) Magnesium

33. Fibres of materials such as glass, carbon or kevlar inside a thermosetting resin such as epoxy
are known as?

a) Campsites
b) Composites
c) Composts
d) Compositions

34. Routine flying for long periods on one heading can be easily performed by a mechanical or
electronic system called?

a) An autonav
b) An autopilot
c) An autoguide
d) An autodirector

35. What is the function of an undercarriage sequencer valve?

a) To ensure that undercarriage doors open before extension or retraction

b) To extend and retract the undercarriage
c) To open the doors after undercarriage retraction
d) To open and close the undercarriage doors
36. The undercarriage serves two main purposes, one is to absorb landing shocks, the other is?

a) To provide aerodynamic braking

b) To support the aircraft on the ground
c) To exercise hydraulic systems
d) To provide more lift on final approach

37. A major disadvantage of pneumatic systems over hydraulic systems is that air is?

a) Reversible
b) Compressible
c) Invisible
d) Condensable

38. Which of the following are components of a Hydraulic System?

a) Rams and Gas

b) Rods and Pulleys
c) Pump and Actuator
d) Fluid lines and Plugs

39. What is Hydraulic Actuator used for in an airframe?

a) Deploy high lift devices

b) Lower and retract the undercarriage
c) Move the flight control surfaces
d) All of the above

40. The main construction components of an airframe are ties, struts, beams and webs. A tie is a
member which is subject purely to:

a) Loads in shear
b) Tension (Pulling)
c) Compression
d) Loads at an angle

41. What are fitted to most RAF aircraft to record g loadings:

a) Fatigue metres
b) Monitor meters
c) Mach meters
d) Stress recorders

42. If an aircraft's main wheels are too far back behind the centre of gravity?

a) High loads will be taken on the nose wheel during landings

b) The tail will lift off the ground
c) The aircraft will sit on its tail
d) High loads will be taken on the main wheels during landings
43. What type of wing skin construction is normally used for aircraft of medium-to-high speed:

a) Stressed skin
b) Composite skin
c) Stretched skin
d) Fabric skin

44. If an aircraft's fuselage is made up of a series of frames, or hoops, what is the name gives to
the metal strips which run the length of the fuselage, joining the frames?

a) Stringers
b) Stingers
c) Strippers
d) Skinners

45.Which major airframe unit contains an aircraft's fixed vertical fin:

a) The fuselage
b) The horizontal stabilizer
c) The canards
d) The tail unit

46. Which control surfaces are hinged to the wing rear spar?

a) Ailerons
b) Fin
c) Rudder
d) Elevators

47. Diffusion bonding is the process where two pieces of metal, at a precise temperature, will fuse
and become a single piece when pressed together. This process is possible with?

a) Titanium
b) Plastic
c) Aluminium
d) Steel

48. Which control surfaces are hinged to the tailplane spars?

a) ELEVATORS
b) RUDDER
c) AILERONS
d) FIN

49. In order to reduce the risk of fire from hydraulic fluids they are usually:

a) INHABITED
b) INEBRIATED
c) INUNDATED
d) INHIBITED
50. What are the two types of Piston Pump?

a) Gear and Vane

b) Radial and Axial
c) Axial and Gear
d) Vane and Radial

51. What are the two main types of power pump used within the Hydraulic System?

a) Piston and Vane

b) Gear/Vane and Piston
c) Gear and Piston
d) Gear and Vane

52. An autopilot performs two fundamental operations. It detects when an aircraft has strayed
from the required flight path and:

a) It sends error messages to the pilot's headset

b) Re-calculates the ETA at the destination
c) It measures the errors involved
d) It calculates and performs correction control movements

53. A material's tendency to break under a high number of relative stresses, such as take-offs and
landings, is called?

a) Flexing
b) Fatigue
c) Fracture
d) Bending

54. Which of the following are components of a Pneumatic System?

a) Pressure Gauges and Valves

b) Selector Valves and Actuators
c) Storage Cylinder and Air Lines
d) All of the above

55. Which of these aircraft is a biplane:

a) Z
b) Y
c) X
d) W
56. What is the main advantage of composite materials when used in airframe construction?

a) Very high SWR and low weight

b) Available in a wide colour range
c) Low resistence to radio and radar signals
d) Subject to galvanic action

57. A Braced Monoplane has:

a) Stressed struts between wing and fuselage

b) Bracing ties between wing and fuselage
c) Bracing ties between both wings
d) Bracing webs between wing and fuselage

58. A structure which is strong enough to take the loads applied it both in compression and
tension, despite being supported at one end only, it is called:

a) Uniliever structure
b) Ortholever structure
c) Cantilever structure
d) Monolever structure

59. Pure aluminium is often plated onto its alloys to form a protective layer because aluminium:

a) Is very resistant to corrosion

b) Is prone to attack by sea-water
c) Can be super-plastically formed
d) Has a very high SWR

60. Foreplanes, or canards, are almost always all-flying, this means that?

a) They are always producing lift

b) They are placed over the main wing sections
c) The entire surface moves to provide control movements
d) They are the only surfaces to produce control movements

61. When designing an aircraft an increase in weight in one area which leads to other areas being
strengthened, and therefore made more heavy, is called the?

a) Weight increase system

b) Weight spiral deflect
c) Weight spiral effect
d) Weight spinning effect

62. When iron is alloyed with one of a range of other metals, the results is?

a) Steel
b) Aluminium
c) Magnesium
d) Titanium
63. The ideal shape of a window in an aircraft fuselage is?

a) Elliptical
b) Square
c) Rectangular with rounded corners
d) Round

64. Which of the following is a technique used in the manufacture of aircraft structures?

a) Blending
b) Bending
c) Burning
d) Turning

65. What instrument is represented in this diagram?

a) SVI
b) HIS
c) HV
d) VSI

66. What is the main purpose of an aircraft's wings?

a) To carry fuel
b) To generate lift
c) To support engines
d) To overcome drag

67. This type of wing construction is known as:

a) STRESSED SKIN
b) HONEYCOMB
c) MONOCOQUE
d) MONOSPAR
68. To get the best possible performance an aircraft must be designed to have the minimum
possible:

a) Cross-section area
b) Lift
c) Thrust
d) Drag

69. If only one piston engine/propeller combination or turbo prop engine is fitted to an aircraft it
will normally be fitted:

a) In the tail
b) In the nose
c) On the starboard wing
d) In the fuselage, rear the centre of gravity

70. At speeds near to the speed of sound the pressure waves generated in front of an aircraft
cannot move forwards fast enough to warn the oncoming air an aircraft is approaching and they
become?

a) Shock waves
b) Pressure waves
c) Shock pressures
d) Shock weaves

71. What is used to counter the yaw which results from engine failure on a large four-engined
aircraft?

a) A large rudder
b) Canards
c) A large fin
d) Assymetric power

72. If the wing of a high-speed aircraft deflects too much, damage and loss of control can be
caused by an aerodynamic phenomenon known as:

a) MUTTER
b) TUTTER
c) FLUTTER
d) FLATTER

73. Which of these is the best material for radome:

a) High tensile steel

b) Magnesium alloy
c) Fibre-glass
d) Carbon steel
74. Steels can be produced with a wide range of properties, ranging from very hard to very ductile.
However, they are all very?

a) Brittle
b) Expensive
c) Heavy
d) Corrosive

75. Which of the following is a technique used in the manufacture of aircraft structures?

a) Tuning
b) Turning
c) Burning
d) Lurning

76. When brakes overheat they tend to:

a) Dissipate
b) Burn out
c) Break up
d) Fade

77. Which of the following parts of the airframe are powered by or use a hydraulic system?

a) Flaps
b) Primary Flight Controls
c) Braking System
d) All of the above

78. What piece of equipment ensures that an undercarriage cannot be retracted accidentally on
the ground:

a) A sequencer valve
b) Ground lock
c) Chock
d) Down lock

79. How many main components does an aircraft have?

a) 4
b) 3
c) 1
d) 6

80. A material's tendency to break under a high number of relative stresses, such as take-offs and
landings, is called:

a) FATIGUE
b) FLEXING
c) FRACTURE
d) BENDING
81. The main construction components of an airframe are ties, struts, beam and webs. A beam is a
member which is subject purely to?

a) Loads of an angle
b) Compression
c) Tension (pulling)
d) Loads in shear

82. Which of these is the aspect ratio of a wing?

a) Span divided by area

b) Span (squared) divided by area
c) Area divided by span
d) Area (squared) divided by span

83. What instrument is this:

a) HSI
b) RAD ALT
c) SHI
d) ASI