Duhok Polytechnic University

College of Technical Engineering

Department of Petrochemical

Use of a Mercury-in-Glass thermometer to

Demonstrate temperature scales and fixed points

By

Îbrahîm Dêwalî
Thermodynamic Practical
Group.B
Report No. 1
OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate the application of temperature scale and

fixed points using a mercury-in-glass thermometer.

#Introduction:

In many engineering systems temperature constitutes an

important physical variable that needs to be monitored
and controlled. For example, temperature sensors are
present in buildings, chemical processing plants,
engines, computers, vehicles, etc. Many physical
phenomena, (e.g., pressure, volume, electrical
resistance, expansion coefficients, etc.) can be related to
temperature through the fundamental molecular
structure. Temperature variations affect these quantities,
and hence their changes can be used to indirectly
measure temperature. Temperature measurement
devices can be classified as mechanically operative
(mercury thermometer and bimetallic strip) or electrically
operative (resistance temperature detector, thermistor,
and thermocouple).

*Liquid thermometer: practically all liquids can be used

in thermometers but other liquids (except mercury) cause
additional errors as the temperature drops. And must be
colored so that it is visible in the capillary tube and the
reading of the temperature made easier. Liquid
containers for mercury are larger than for other liquids
due to the smaller coefficient of expansion.

1
EQUIPMENT SET-UP:

ADDITION:

I. Water.
II. Crushed Ice(made from pure water).
III. Sodium Chloride(Nacl).
IV. Barometer(optional).

2
#Procedure:

Fill in the water heater with clean water, we placed the

heater in its retaining bracket and we connected the
power cord to the receptacle in its base. we Placed the
platen on the lower support bracket above the water
heater. Half fill the vacuum flask with a mixture of
crushed ice and pure water (the ice being made from
pure water and crushed into fin particles'). we Ensured
that the handle of the flask is located in the spigot
protruding from the back board and secure the clamp at
the base. we removed the mercury-in-glass thermometer
from its storage case on the backboard. and we Closed
inspection reveal a column of mercury protruding from
the bulb.
and we measurement temperature is effected by relating
the length of this column to an engraved scale on the
glass.

*Steps to readers*

At first it was a temperature heater 98C, temperature and

freezer 1C and we inputed a Salt sodium chloride (nacl)
in the heater and in the freezer and then we waited and
we observed increase temperature heater to 108C and
decrease temperature freezer to -1C and in the result we
know that the Salt and increases the temperature liquid
water hot and minimum temperature sold water.

3
#Conclusion & Comments:
Q-1_Why the results was not accurate?

Answer:

1-The water is not pure.

2-The pressure of the room not 1atm at sea level.

3-And the temperature of room.

Q-2-The effective of the salt(Nacl) to the temperature of

water and crush ice?

Answer:

1-Increase the temperature vapor point of water in(98C

to 108C).

2-Decrease the freezing point of crush ice in the(1C to -

1C).