Experiment # 3

To understand the kinematics of whit worth quick return mechanism and draw
displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams.

1. Problem statement
This experiment is concerning to the study of a kinematic motion with the aid of the
Whitworth’s quick return mechanism. As the objective is to investigate the performance of the
Whitework’s quick return motion, several reading were taken with the increments of ten degrees
in order to study the rotation angle of the cutting and return stroke from the plotted graph and
hence determine the efficiency.

2. Objectives
The objective of the experiment is to investigate the performance of a Whitworth’s quick
return motion and to verify that the motion does have a quick return stroke and a slow cutting or
forward stroke. Additionally, the increase in efficiency of the system mechanism is also
determined.

3. Theory
A mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of line diagram which is used to
reproduce exactly the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose of this reproduction is to enable
the nature of the motion to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various solid bodies
which form the machine elements.
The various parts of the machine are called links or elements. Where two links are in
contact and relative motion is possible, then they are known as the pair. An arbitrary set of links
which form a closed chain that is capable of relative motion, and that can be made into a rigid
structure by the addition of a single link, is also known as kinematics chain. To form a mechanism
from kinematics chain one of the link must be fixed. However as any of the links can be fixed, it
follows that there are as many mechanisms as there are links in a chain. The technique of obtaining
different mechanisms by fixing the various links in turn is known as inversion.

4. Applications
Quick return mechanisms are found throughout the engineering industry in different
machines:
 Shaper
 Screw press
 Power-driven saw
 Mechanical actuator
 revolver mechanisms
 5. Procedure
I. Set the quick return at zero degree. Record the piston displacement.
II. Move the whit worth by 20 degree and record the displacement.
III. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for one complete revolution of crank.
IV. Tabulate your results in the given table.
V. Calculate the theoretical piston rod displacement in the table.
6. Observations and calculations:
Sr # Angle Displacement Mean
S1 S2
1 20 5.5 5.5 5.5
2 40 2.5 3 2.75
3 60 2 2 2
4 80 6 6 6
5 100 18.5 18.5 18.5
6 120 33 33 33
7 140 39.5 40 39.75
8 160 41.5 41 41.25
9 180 41 41 41
10 200 39.5 40 39.75
11 220 37 37 37
12 240 34 34 34
13 260 30.5 30 30.25
14 280 26.5 26.5 26.5
15 300 22 22 22
16 320 18 18 18
17 340 13 13 13
18 360 9 9 9
19 380 5.5 5.5 5.5
Graphs:
Angle-displacement Graph:
Angle Displacement
0 5.5
20 2.75
40 2
60 6
80 18.5
100 33
120 39.75
140 41.25
 160 41
180 39.75
200 37
220 34
240 30.25
260 26.5
280 22
300 18
320 13
340 9
360 5.5

angle-d Graph
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Velocity-displacement graph:
Displacement Velocity
0 -0.1375
20 -0.0375
40 0.2
60 0.625
80 0.725
100 0.3375
120 0.075
140 -0.0125
160 -0.0625
180 -0.1375
200 -0.15
220 -0.1875
240 -0.1875
 260 -0.225
280 -0.2
300 -0.25
320 -0.2
340 -0.175
360 0.015278

v-d Graph
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380
-0.2

-0.4

Acceleration-angle graph
Displacement Acceleration
0 0.005
20 0.011875
40 0.02125
60 0.005
80 -0.019375
100 -0.013125
120 -0.004375
140 -0.0025
160 -0.00375
180 -0.000625
200 -0.001875
220 0
240 -0.001875
260 0.00125
280 -0.0025
300 0.0025
320 0.00125
340 0.009513889
360 4.24383E-05
 Acceleration-d Graph
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
-0.005 0 20 40 60 80 100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025

7. Results
As a conclusion, it is confirming that the quick return motion may increase the efficiency of the
machine tool because it can reduce the rotation angle for the return stroke. This is because; the
time taken for the slider to return to its initial position is less than the time taken for the slider to
accomplish the cutting operation with the same distance. Therefore, the occurrence of the cutting
stroke can be done in many instances.
From this experiment, the value of the efficiency of 44.444% is sufficient to prove the
increased in performance of the Whitworth’s quick return mechanism. It is evident that the
experiment met the objective to study the kinematic motion (sliding motion) of the slider in its
path. Finally, the aid of the ‘Whitworth’s quick return mechanism’ has demonstrated to the
students the difference of rotation angle for cutting and returning stroke that may increase the
efficiency of machine tool such as power hack saw.

8. Comments
By Whitworth quick return mechanism, a rotary motion can be converted into linear motion.
It is clear from the graphs that the rotary motion is converted in to linear motion. From first
graph which is curved one that shows the rotary motion which is generally converted in linear
motion which is clear from second and third graphs.

9. References
http://webcabinet.tripod.com/Assignment/assignment2/whitworth.htm
https://www.coursehero.com/file/8966015/Whitworths-Quick-Return-Motion-Experiment/