

To be / To do / To Have 
To be 
Present Past Future
I am. .......... I was............ I shall be...

  
 
We are ... We were..... We shall be...
You are... You were... You will be...
You are... You were... You will be...
He is ... He was... He will be...
She is... She was... She will be...
It is... It was... It will be...
They are... They were... They will be...

To do 
I do... I did... I shall do...

 
 
We do.. We did.. We shall do...
You do... You did... You will do...
He does... He did... He will do...
She does... She did... She will do...
It does... It did... It will do...
They do... They did... They will do...

To Have 
Present Past Future
I have... I had... I shall have...

 
 
We have... We had... We shall have...
You have... You had... You will have...
You have... You had... You will have...
He has... He had... He will have...
She has... She had... She will have...
It has... It had... It will have...
They have... They had... They will have...

To be 
A) Am, Is, Are
To be 
To be 
am -  is -  are -


is am
are

   
 
I am.  We are.

You are.  You are.

He is. 
She is.  They are.

It is. 

I -  We - 
You - 
You -  He -
 She -

It -

 They - 

I) Am - ‘I’

 1) I am hungry. 
I am here. 
I am Rekha. 
I am sorry.


I am running. 

II) Is -




1) He is Ravi. 
 2) She is Shobha. 
3) It is a tree. 
4) This is a pen. 
(This -


5) That is a cat. 
That -


    )
6) Sohan is happy.


7) There is a book on the table.


ThereThere





III) Are -



1) We are friends.


2) You are a boy. 
You -

are

3) You are girls. 
4) They are lazy. 
5) These houses are beautiful. 
  
(These -



these 
6) There are many trees in the garden.

7) Ram and Rahim are friends.

 8) Those are pens.
(Those - These-

Exercise – 1) Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ or ‘are’:

1. I .................. lucky. 
2. She .................. my friend.
3. This .................. a good news.
4. We .................. reading.
5. Savita .................. a girl.
6. I .................. glad  to help you.
7. There .................. no water in the river. 
8. That .................. Kiran’s mother.
9. There .................. seven days in a week. 
10. Those trees .................. tall and green.
11. We .................. on the fort. 
12. These .................. my fingers. 
13. Satara .................. a city.
14. Water .................. liquid. 
15. The sun .................. in the sky.
16. The moon .................. setting. 
17. The children .................. playing. (child-
children)
18. Mumbai and Pune .................. cities. 
19. I .................. a letter. 
20. This .................. our house.

B) Was were -
To be  Was


were



I was.  We were.


You were. 
You were. 
He was.  They were.

She was. 
It was. 

I) Was -


1. I was sure.

2. That was my book.

3. She was your sister.

4. Kiran was at my home.

5. Shivaji was a king. 

II) were -


1. We were in the school.


2. You were not ready. 
3. They were not young. 
4. Those were my friends.

5. Players were fresh.


Exercise : 2) Fill in the blanks with ‘was’ or ‘were’.

1. They Lady .................. brave. 

2. You .................. silent. 
3. The snake  .................. in the hole. 
4. These houses .................. painted. 
5. That tree .................. tall. 
6. Gandhiji .................. a leader. 
7. The tea .................. cold.
8. Yesterday .................. Sunday.
9. You .................. not there. 
10. That teacher .................. not good.
11. Cats .................. afraid. 
12. The flower .................. red.

13. Those .................. new tables.

14. There .................. no clouds  in the sky.
15. Meena’s brother .................. clever.
16. Those .................. new tables.
17. It ................. good day.
18. That .................. not good season.

19. The deer ................... happy in their area.
20. They ................... cruel. 

Exercies : 3 Fill in the blank with ‘am’ , ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘was’ ‘were’. now

today  tomorrow  yesterday  this year
 next year
last year


1. I ................. old now.

2. He................. in the house that time. 
3. Bhagat Sing .................... brave.
4. Sachin ................... a best player in this team.
5. Mother Teressa

a social worker. 
6. Yesterday , he ............. ill. Today he .................. all right.

7. Please, give me a water. I .................. thirsty.

8. They worked whole day  so they
.................. tired.
9. My English .................. not good before one year. Now it ..................
good.
10. They .................. in Pune last year. Now they .................. here.
11. I .................. your brother and you .................. my sister.
12. We .................. not happy in the morning. Now were ..................
happy.
13. It .................. hot now but if .................. cold before ten minutes ago.
14. There .................. no rain  last year. This year it
.................. raining heavily. 
15. You .................. not my friend before this but now you .................. my
best friend.
16. Today I ................. at home and I .................. in Surat yesterday.
17. Now they .................. playing but they .................. reading in the
morning.
18. Last time  she .................. very weak
, but she .................. strong now.
19. We have many firends. We .................. lucky.
20. She had no mother. She .................. sad.

C)shall be, will be, I

We 
 Shall will


    
I shall be.  We shall be.

You will be.  You will be.

He will be.  They Will be.

She will be. 
It will be. 

Now study the following sentences.

next 

1. I shall be happy 

2. You will be 20 next month.


3. They will be engineers next year.


4. I will be old after fifty.


5. This tree will be tall after two years.


6. Now I am here but I will be in America next year.


7. Today we are only four but we will be hundred after one year.



8. Nilesh is in fifth this year. He will be in tenth after five years.
9. Now you are young but you will be old after some years.



10. Work hard and you will be rich.


Exercise : 4 Use am /is/are , was / were , or shall be /will be correctly

1. America ....................... poor before hundred years ago. now
it ....................... rich.
2. They ....................... not happy because they had no money.
but they ....................... happy after getting money.
3. Shiva ....................... brave and his parents .......................
also brave.
4. This time they ....................... studying English. They
....................... study Marathi next year.
5. He ....................... sorry because he could not pass.
6. It ....................... new book . I have purchased it today.
7. Today I ....................... here , tomorrow I ....................... in
Mumbai, but I ....................... in Sangli yesterday.
8. Good boy , you ....................... happy.
9. My Brother ....................... a doctor next year.
10. We ....................... at our homes after the period.


1. I am a man. I was a man. I shall be a man.

 
 
2. The sun is a hot ball. The sun was a hot ball.


 
The sun will be a hot ball.
 
3. They are happy. They were happy. They will be happy.

 
 
4. Kisan is farmer. Kisan was a farmer.
 
 
Kisan will be a farmer.

5. Trees are green. Trees were green. Trees will be green.

 
 


Part - II

(A - have, has B - had C - Shall have, will have)

A) have, has -

i) .....

ii) ....



i) have -

has -


I have.  We have.


You have.  You have.

He has. 
She has.  They have.

It has. 

 have has +

noun (s).

1) I have hands.
2) You have many friends.

3) She has mother. 
4) They have books.


5) A week has seven days.

6) They have no house. 
7) This book has many pages.


8) He has rich friends.

9) This room has two doors and two windows. 
 

10) The chair has four legs.

11) The fan has three blades.




have has 

have -  has -



1) Man has two hands.


  
 

2) The trees have green leaves. 
 
3) A year has 365 days.

4) The cat has soft fur.

5) A table has four legs.

6) Man has big brain.


7) The school has a headmaster.



II) have, has ............... 


have, has


(V3)




V1 - V2 - 
V3 - 
go went gone
see saw seen
come came come
help helped helped

+ have, has + V3

1. I have seen Pune.

2. You have come. 
3. She has learned. learnt.

4. He has run. 
5. They have played. 






Exercise - 6 Fill in the blank with ‘have’ or ‘has’

1. The poor () farmer ............... two sons.
2. You .............. much time to work.
3. Our temple .................. a big porch. ()
4. She .................. good hand-writing.
()
5. Our village .................... good roads.
6. Rohan .................... no school today.
7. Sugar () .................... sweet taste. 
8. Every house () .................... four
walls.
9. We .................... no work now.
10. His garden .................... a strong gate.
11. She .................... no idea ()
12. I .................... reached home.
13. You .................... come here.
14. This man .................... sold his car.
15. I .................... two hands and you .................... also two hands.
16. We .................... white dresses but she .................... a yellow
dress.
17. My father .................... much money. My elder brother
.................... also much money but we .................... no money.
18. Amitabh .................... good name in India.
19. This school .................... completed 50 years.
20. The sun .................... set. (to set - )

Exercise - 7 : Translate into English.

1.  
....................................
2.  
....................................
3.  
....................................
4.  
....................................
5.  
....................................
6.   ....................................
7.  
 ....................................
8.   ....................................
9.  
 ....................................
10.    ....................................
11. 
 ....................................
12. 
 ....................................
13. 
 ....................................
14.  
 ....................................
15.    ....................................
16. 
 ....................................
17.   ....................................
18. 
 ....................................
19.  ....................................
20. 
 ....................................
21. 
 ....................................
22. 
 ....................................
23. 
 ....................................

B: had - I)


II) ................



I : had - ............. 


   
I had.  We had.

  
 
You had.  You had.
 
He had.  They had.

She had. 
It had. 

+ had + noun (s).


had 

1. I had a new bike.



2. He had no child. 
3. She had new friends.

(a friend - )
4. Rakesh had long hair.
5. He had a cough.
6. We had cold.
7. Villagers ( ) had no money.
8. This city had no good roads.
9. The woman had no food to eat.
10. Her father had a car.

Exercise 8 : -


1. This bottle () had no cap.
............................................................
2. Your house had a good colour.
............................................................
3. This road had many turns. ()
............................................................
4. Indians had no jobs.
............................................................
5. That cinema had many charactors. ()
............................................................

II - 
had ............

had + V3


1. He had written. 

2. The tiger had eaten. 
3. The child had cried. 
4. They had played. 
5. It had killed many animals.



 


Exercise : 9 

1. The chair had four legs. .........................................
2. He had no caps. .........................................
3. We had seen you. .........................................
4. They had visited us. .........................................
5. This short had ten buttons. .........................................

C: Shall have will have i) ........................


ii) .........................

i: Shall have will have ...........................
    
I shall have  We shall have

      
 
You will have  You will have



He will have They will have


She will have 

It will have 

ii) Shall have/will have + v3



will have Shall have +
v3 

1. I shall have have come 

2. She will have finished

3. They will have gone 
4. Seema will have drunk

5. They will have smilled 

Exercise :10 Fill in the banks will have, has/ had or shall have.

1. You ................ two legs. Your sister ................ two hands

2. Now they ................ much time but they
................
 to time last year
3. I ................ a beaufiful flower vase . It was
broken
yesterday.
4. A cube  ................ six sides. 
5. These rooms ................ no fans in them. We cannot sit inside.
6. She ................ dark curlyhair but she cut them
yesterday.
7. Today I am free. I ................ time to play
8. Now you ................ one car. You ................ many cars next
year.
9. She is poor. She ................ no books.
10. He was rich. He ................ a lot of money.
11. They were brave . They ................ killed many enemies
12. I am going to mumbai. I ................ many friends there.
13. I ................ one pen now. It ................ a cap.
14. His son ................ no job but now he ................ job and he
................ one lakh rupees.
15. This bird ................ red beak . The parrots ............. 
  also read beaks.
16. You are sad. You ................ no father.
17. The was happy. She ................ parents 
18. He works hard. He ................ a bunglow next year.
19. This year you have ................ a bicycle but last year you ................ no
bicycle also.
20. She is beautiful. She ................ a good face.

Exprcise 11 :



1. He is young. He has good health 

..................................................................................................

2. They were lucky. They had many good neigbours

..................................................................................................
3. Today is suday. I am free. I have time.
..................................................................................................
4. This house has two doors but that house has only one door.
..................................................................................................
5. I am sorry. I have spoiled your
shirt.
..................................................................................................
6. This is Radha. She has two brothes.
They are in Miraj. They have good college
..................................................................................................
7. I have a car. It has four wheels.
..................................................................................................
8. This house had red colour before this.
Now it has yellow coloue.
9. Man is clever. He has a big brain.
..................................................................................................
10. Hari was happy. He had won the race.
..................................................................................................
11. We have legs. We can walk .
..................................................................................................
12. They have a friend. He is rich. He has rich parents.
..................................................................................................
13. I am working hard. I will be a good teacher.
..................................................................................................
14. Your dog is strong. It has powerful muscles.
..................................................................................................
15. I have a sister. Her name is kranti. She was many friends.
..................................................................................................















 


Parts of Speech

 




Nouns 
A Noun is the name of a person, a thing a place or an animal.




1. A person : Ram is a name of a person.

2. A thing : A pen is a name of a thing.
3. A place : India is a name of country.
4. An animals : A tiger is a name of an animals.

Some nouns :- Hari, a boy , a city

, house ,pillows  people
a man , a tooth ,
men , a foot three feet
A woman  women
 a child , children flowers
, , a car , a servant ,
a baby  , a fruit , hair  , a face
 a mouth , 

Exercise 1 : Underline the nouns in the following sentences.

1. Rohan is a farmer.
2. My son was an engineer.
3. There are some boys and girls in this room.
4. A lady has a new sarri.
5. Pune hasmany tall buildings.
6. This pen is on the table.
7. Every room has four walls.
8. A moth has 30 or 31 days.
9. The rose is a beautifiul flower.
10. We went to Puna by train on Sunday.
11. The Ganga is the longest river in this counrty.
12. Vijay is your friend.
13. We saw tigers, lions, elephants and monkeys in the zoo.
14. I take my pen , pencil,rubber, books andnotebook in from my bag.
15. Shahaji had two sons and no daughter.

16. A) good, pen, many, work, cock.

B) boy, girl, fat , man, go, cat.
C) eye, look, see,orange, monkey.
D) garden, cow,, run, grass, goat, come.
E) radio, sing, is, parrot, gun, bad.
F) coat, map, fast, Pune, write

Exercise 2 : Fill in the blanks with nonus from the bracket.

school table park begger peacock

stars children book camel football
stick hospital ship sky animal

1. This ........................ has many pages.

2. The ........................ is made of wood.
3. The ........................ looks very beatiful
4. The ........................ is sailing away from us.
5. The ........................ is a tall ........................
6. At night  we can see the ........................ in the
7. The lame ........................ is walking with a ........................
8. Our ........................ is near the ........................
9. ........................ are playing ........................ in the

Exercise 3 : Write any nonus which you know don`t write proper nonus.


1. ........................ 2. ........................ 3.........................

4. ........................ 5. ........................ 6.........................
7. ........................ 8. ........................ 9.........................
10. ........................ 11. ........................ 12.........................
13. ........................ 14. ........................ 15.........................
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Number


1.Singular number

a cat, a dog, a pen, a pen, a city, a hand ...........................
2. Plural number.
cats, dogs, pens, cities, hands ...........................

*



1.`s`


a boy - boys, a cats - cats, a fan - fans

2.
`Y`
‘Y’a, e, i, o, u,
 
 `S`


a boy - boys,
a toy - toys, a day - days,
a donkay - donkeys,
a key - keys,
3. ‘Y’

‘Y’
 ‘ies’


a lady - ladies, a bidy - bidies, a story - stories

a city - cities,
4. S, sh, ch, es, x,
Z
S
 

a dress - dresses, a bush - bushes, a dish - dishes,

a box - boxes, a fox - foces a bench - benches

5.
O
S

a hero - heros , a mango - mongos a potato - potatos

6.
o
S
a radio - radios, a vidio - vidios,
a studio - studios, a cuckoo - cuckoos

7.
f
fe
Ves 
a leaf - leaves, a wife - wives, a knife - knives.

a roof - roofs, a safe - safes, a chief - chiefs,
a handker chief - handkerechiefs

8.


a woman - women, a man - men , a tooth - teeth,
foot - feet.

9. en 
 a child - children, a kit - kitten an ox - oxen

10.


a sheep - sheep, a deer - deer

11.


tongs, spectacles, trousers, mealses, mathamatics, news.

12.



people, cattle, fruit, poultry.

13.
S

a father - in - law - Father -in-law.
a brother -in-law - brother-in-law.
a passer-by - passers by.

14.

S
C.M.S, M.D.S, M.L.A.S,
* Exercise : 1 Make plurals of following -
1. a city ............................... 2. a pen ..............................
3. a wolf ............................... 4. a key ..............................
5. a monkey .............................. 6. a door ..............................
7. a cot .............................. 8. a lady ..............................
9. a bench .............................. 10. a class ..............................
11. an apple .............................. 12. a man ..............................
13. a tomato .............................. 14. a furniture .............................
15. a language ..............................16. a country ..............................
17. a child .............................. 18. a foot ..............................
19. a tooth .............................. 20. a police man ........................
21. a sister-in-law ..............................
22. a knife .............................. 23. a life ..............................
24. a hand .............................. 25. water ..............................

* Exercise : 2 Write the singular froms of the following -

1. boys .............................. 2. apples ..............................

3. pages .............................. 4. men ..............................
5. Cows .............................. 6. days ..............................
7. busses .............................. 8. books ..............................
9. wives .............................. 10. bananas ..............................
11. brother in-law ..............................

13............................... 14............................... 15...........................

16............................... 17............................... 18...........................

19............................... 20............................... 21...........................

22............................... 23............................... 24...........................

25............................... 26............................... 27...........................

28............................... 29............................... 30...........................

31............................... 32............................... 33...........................

34............................... 35............................... 36...........................

37............................... 38............................... 39...........................

40............................... 41............................... 42...........................

43............................... 44............................... 45...........................

46............................... 47............................... 48...........................

49............................... 50...............................

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
Prononus
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 





Pronoun : A pronoun is a word used in placed of upon.




I  we  you 

you 
He  She  It  they

my  Our  your
 your 
Her  His  its
 there 
him  me  us

her  it  them


* Study the following sentence.

1. This is a car. It is green .



2. Rahul is a boy. He is strong.
3. Lata is a lady. She is hardworking.
4. I hav a book . it is new.
5. Satara is a city. It is big.
6. These boys are happy. They are playing.
7. The sun is a star. It in the sky.
8. Tanuja is a girl. She is poor.
9. Ram was a man. He was a king.
10. This is my mother. Sher is lovable.
11. This villagers are rich. They much money.
12. A cat is an animal. It eats rats.
13. Tigers are animals. They are animals.
14. India is a good country. It is very big.
15. Snaha is a woman. She live in this city.

Exercise 4 : Use the correct pronouns in the following blanks.

I, me, we, us, you, he, him, she, her, it, they, then
1. Mr. Mote a rich man. ................. lives in satara.
2. Where is your brothers ? I am waiting for .................
3. Sohan is clever boy. ................. is my friend.
4. Mrs. Join is a teacher . ................. she teaches very well.
5. You have a brothes. ................. name is Ravi.
6. This is a boy. ................. name is Rohan.
7. It is a good house. ................. has three doors.
8. I have a dog. ................. name a Moti.
9. Rajiv Gandi was a son of India. ................. worked for India.
10. Mr. Sudha is a docter. ................. parents are rich.
11. what are boys doing ?
................. are playing.
12. What is Salim doing ?
................. are watching T.V.
13. what are you doing ?
................. am reading.
14. whate is Mr. Jadhav going?
................. is going to Pune.
15. where your sister ?
................. is in the kitchen room.
16. When will Mohite come ?
................. will come on Monday.
17. How is Sonali comming ?
................. is comming by car.
18. How are you ?
 ................. am fine.
19. How are your friends ?
................. are fine.
20. How is your bag ?
................. is new.

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
Adjectives - 

An adjectives :- The word which tells somethimore about a person. a place, a

thing or an animals is called an adjectives.





Study following sentence.

1. Rose is a red.
 
2. An elephant is a big animal.
 



)
3. The earth is round.
(

4. He is an Indian.

5. American ladies are white


    
 

6. We have two eyes.


    
 
7. Old people are weak.

8. Suger is sweet.


    
 
9. God is kind.


10. Tea is cold.


11. Shivaji was brave.

    
 

12. They are pround and rude.

13. This chair is light.

14. English is international language.


15. Hema`s dress is beautiful.

16. They are four. 
17. I am young. 
18. You are clever students.


19. Summer is hot season.

20. winter is cold season.


Exercise 5 : Choose the correct adjective to in the following blanks.

honest  kind  black

 tall 
lazy  red  pure  strong

good fresh  tired 
happy
new dry  woolen
 spicy
cruel  lucky salty 
herous

1. My pen is .................. It is .................

2. Cow is a ................. animals but tiger is a
3. Her hair is .................
4. Sudhir is ................. boy. He doesn`t work.
5. This vegetable is .................
6. The sun is hot. Now clothes are .................
7. Don`t eat ................. food. It is not ................. for our health.
8. Ramu is ................. servent. He always sings.
9. Father is .................. He dvesn`t like cheating.
10. I have worked hard. I am ................. now.

Exerscise : 6 Match the words make 10 sensetences.

A B
high vegetables vegetables
 blue months months
green voice voice
sweet shopkeeper shopkeeper
sharp sky sky
fresh knite knite
clever boy boy
rich grass grass
long moutain moutain
twelve rope rope

* Sentences :
1. ................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................

5. ................................................................................................

6. ................................................................................................

7. ................................................................................................

8. ................................................................................................

9. ................................................................................................

10. ................................................................................................

Exercise - 7 : Fill in the blanks by using opposite adjectives.

1. Coffee is hot but ice is .................
2. I am ................. but my mother is old.
3. Fresh vegetables are good for health but ................. vegetables are
harmful.
4. The rich people sould help the ................. people.
5. Rekha is ................. but her sister thin.
6. cities are big and villeges are .................
7. chair light but table is .................

Exercise 8 : Write the marathi meaning of the following phrases.

1. a lucky girl ................. 2. many books .................

3. Indian girl ................. 4. some flowers .................
5. much water ................. 6. a little water .................
7. young men ................. 8. torn dresses .................
9. a happy news................. 10. an easy way .................
11. a golden chain ................. 12. a sick man .................
13. lasty food ................. 14. simple life .................
15. rough road ................. 16. washed clothes .................
17. the old mane ................. 18. a running bus .................
19. dancing girls ................. 20. walking sticks .................
21. drinking water ................. 22. boiling tea .................
23. broken window ................. 24. coloured picture ...............
25. painted walls ................. 26. polished rice .................
 

Verbs - 




verb
 

 
* Verbs



 Verb 
A) Helping Verbs :- 
 
question tag Voice



Helping Verbs - am, is, are/ was, were/shall, will/should, would/ do, does,
did/ have, has, had/ may, might/must, ought to/need

B) Main Verbs -




1)  
 V1 = Write 
2)  
 V2 = Wrote
3)   Past Participle = V 3 =
Written) 
4) V + ing = V 4
= Writing
 ing
  
* 
















to awake  awoke awoken

to be  was been
to bear  bore
borne

to beat  beat
beet/beaten
 
to become  became become
to begin  began
begun
to bend  bent
bent
to bet  bet bet
to bid  bid/bade bid/sidden
to bind  bound bound
to bite  bit bitten
to bleed  bled bled
to bless  blessed blessed
to blow  blew blew
to break  broke
broken

to breed  bred bred
to bring  brought brought
to build  built
biult
to burn  burnt/burned
burned/burned
to brust  brust
brust
to buy  bought bought
to cast  cast cast
to catch  cought
cought
to choose  chose chosen
to cleave  cleft/ clove
cleft/cloven
to cling  clung
clung
to come  came came
to cost  cost cost

to creep  crept
crept
to cut  cut
cut
to deal dealt
dealt
to dig  dug dug
to do  did done
to draw  drew drawn
to dream  dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
to drink  drank drunk
to drive  drove driven
to dwell  dewlled dwelled
to eat  ate eaten
to fall  fell fallen
to feed  fed fed
to feel  felt felt
to fight  fought fought
to flee  fled fled
to fling  flung
flung
to fly  flew flown
to forbid  forbade
forbidden
to forecast 
forecast forecast

to fortell fortold
foretold
to forget  forgot forgiven
to forgive  forgave forgiven
to forsake  forsook
forsasken
to forswear  forswore
foesworn
to freeze  froze
frozen
to get  got got
to give  gave give
to go  went gone
to grind  ground ground
to grow  grew
grown
to hang  hung
hung
to hang  hanged
hanged
to have  had had
to hear heard
heard

to hew  hewed

hewed
to hide  hid hid
to hit  hit
hit

to hold  held held
to hurt  hurt hurt
to interweare  interwove
interwoven
to keep  kept kept
to kneel  knelt
knelt
to knit  knit/knitted
knit/knitted
to know  knew
known

to lay  laid
laid
to lead  led led
to lean  leaned
leaned
to leap  leapt leapt
to learn  learnt/learned learned
to leave  left
left
to lend  lent lent
to let  let
let
to lie  lied
lied
to light  lighted
lighted
to lose  lost lost
to make  made made
to mean  meant meant
to meet  met met
to mislead  misled misted
to misunderstand  misunderstood misunderstood

to mow  mowed mowed
to ofset ofset ofset
to outdo outdid
outdone
to overcome  overcame
overcome
to oversee  oversaw
overseen
to overtake  overtook
overtaken
to overthrow  overthrew
overthrown
to pay  paid paid
to prove  proved proved
to put  put put
to quit  quit quit
to read  read read
to ride  rode rode
to ring  rang rung
to rise  rose risen
to run  ran run
to saw  sawed
sawed/sawn
to say  said said
to see  saw seen
to seek  sought
sought
to sell  sold sold
to send  sent sent
to set  set set
to sew  sowed sowed
to shake  shook shook
to shear sheared
sgeared
to shed  shed shed
to shine  shone shone
to shoot  shot shot
to shrink  shrank shrunk
to shut  shut shut
to sing  sang sung
to sink  sank sunk
to sit  sat sat
to siay  slayed/slew slain
to sleep  slept slept
to slide  slid slid
to sling  siung siung
to smell  smelled smelled
to smite  smote smote
to sow  sowed sowed/sown
to speak  spoke spoken
to speed  sped sped
to spell  split spilt
to spend  spent spent
to spill  spilt split
to spin  span/spun spun
to spit  spat spat
to spoil  spoiled
spoild
to spread  sprang spread
to spring  sprang speung
to stand  stood stood
to steal  stole stolen
to stick  stuck
stuck
to sting  stung stung
to strike  struck
struck
to strive  strove striven
to swear  swore sworn
to sweep  swept
swept
to swell  swelled
swelled/swollen
to swim  swam swum
to swing  swang
swung
to take  took taken
to teach  taught taught
to taer  tore
torn
to tell  told told
to think  thought
thought
to thrive  thrived
thrived
to throw  threw thrown
to thrust  thrust thrust
to tread  trod trodden
to understand  understood understood
to undertake  undertook
undertaken
to uphold  upheld uphelp
to wake  woke
woken
to wear  wore worn
to weave  wore woren
to wed  wed/wedded
wed/wedded
to weep  wept wept
to wet  wet wet
to win  won won
to wind  wound wound
to wring  wrung wrung
to write  wrote written
 HOME WORK

Q. 1. Give the plurals of

1) Man 2) woman 3) foot 4) Hair 5) City
6) Boy 7) Lady 8) Factory 9) water 10) Oil
11) Day 12) Essay 13) Tree 14) Fan 15) Bag
16) Singer 17) Year 18) Hero 19) Mango 20) Tommoto

Q. 2. Change the gender of the following

1) Man 2) Boy 3) Lady 4) Father 5) Son
6) Hero 7) Woman 8) Girl 9) father-in-law
10) Actor 11) King 12) Husband 13) Cock
14) Sir 15) Manservent 16) Salesman 17) Landlord
18) Prince 20) Host.

Q. 3. Use the correct verb form from the bracket

1) Savita ..................... many pens. (have / has)
2) My friends ....................... coming. (is/am/are)
3) They ....................... playing. (is / were)
4) We ....................... worried. (am/were/was)
5) The fan ....................... three blades. (have/has)
6) The hat ....................... on his head. (is / are)
7) I ....................... be there tomorrow. (will / shall)
8) People ....................... at home. (was / were)
9) My hair ....................... black. (is / are)
10) He ....................... help you. (will / shall)
11) ....................... is my house. (this / those / these)
12) ....................... are good players. (that / those / this)
13) ....................... was a mad dog. (that those)
 14) He ....................... in Pune yesterday. (was / is)
15) Now we ....................... working. (are / were / will be)
16) ....................... pens are yours. (those / that)

Q. 4. Use the correct pronoun. (He, she, it, they)

1) Rohit is a good player ....................... plays very well.
2) His dog is very young ....................... looks brave.
3) My friend is Lata ....................... is brilliant.
4) I have a cot ....................... is made of iron.
5) Those are my pens ....................... are new.
6) You have a bunglow ....................... looks very beautiful.
7) I speak Marathi ....................... is my mother tongue.
8) We saw some ladies ....................... were American.
9) There are many trees in my garden ....................... are green.
10) I want to sell my house ....................... is very old.

Q. 5) Make Yes / No Questions of the following.

1) We are here. (Are we here?)
1) She is fine. 2) It was good for you.
3) They can run fast. 4) He has commonsense.
5) It had good colour. 6) Rohit will play.
7) The sun is bright. 8) There are three seasons.
9) Water is cold. 10) I must go.
11) She could play. 12) I am rich.
13) It is a good decision. 14) They have gone.
15) We were playing.

Q. 6) Give the proun for the following nouns.

(A bay, Mohit, My father, A ball, Cities, Birds, A tiger, A river, A
dog’s Tail, Air, God, English, Indian, Flowers, Houses.)
Q. 7) Use the proper adjective from the bracket for the following
nouns.
(Many, happy, lucky, daily, weekly, green, cruel, simple, beautiful,
heave, strong, smooth, white, fast, late.)
Nouns :- (elephant, work, test, man, programme, children, method, food, boy,
cloth, grass, road, magazine, tiger, life, fingers.)

Study the following sentences.

1. He runs fast.
 
2. They played.  
3. We shall come.  
4. He has written.
 
5. I had seen.
 
6. You are working.
 
7. He can speak.
 
8. I am sure.  
9. He is old.  
10. Nisha could have passed.


Exercise - 1 Underline the verbs from the following sentences.

1. I like reading.
2. He was at home.
3. She will be rich very soon.
4. Priti has come here.
5. The cat killed the rat.
6. Today is Sunday.
7. A train runs very fast.
8. He teaches very well.
9. Close the window immediately.
10. Don’t talk loudly.
11. Please, listen me carefully.
12. He sang many songs.
13. You look tired.
14. They are worried.
15. Meena was making Chappati.
16. They were walking in the garden.
17. We have many friends.
18. They will be happy.
19. John can play.
20. He must help us.
21. Neharu has a daughter.
22. Rohit will have a car.
23. The sun shines in the sky.
24. we must not be worried.
25. You need not go.

Exercise – 2 Read the paragraph and underline the verbs.

Every morning my mother comes to my room and wakes me. I wash

and clean my teeth. Then I dress and brush my hair. I have a light break fast
At 7, I leave for my school. I go to the school by bus. The school is fair away
from my house. I am never late for the school.

Exercise - 3 Fill in the blanks. Take words from the box.

Crying Finished blowing packed do


 
  
   
laughing come mending climbing taking
      
   

1. I has cut a joke and the childran are ......................

2. I have ...................... my work.
3. They have ...................... their luggage.
4. I shall ...................... to your house tomorrow.
5. The baby is ......................
6. The guard was ...................... the whistle. (
7. The monkeys were ...................... up the tree.
8. We shall ...................... these sums.(in the
evening
9. She was ...................... her percile.
10. I am ...................... a bath.













Adverbs


 Verb, adjective

Adverb





Study the following Sentencess

A. Adverbs of action :-
1. He speaks loudly.
 
2. She ran fast. 
 
3. We are walking slowly 
 

4. She looks anegrily 
 
5. Heena helped happily 
 


 



B. Advebs of place :-
1. We are here.

2. They are there.

3. The brids are flying above.
 
4. Got is every where.

5. He went away.

where
Adverbs
of place 

C. Adverbs of time :-
1. I am studying now.

2. He died yesterday.

3. He will come tomarrow.

4. He passed last year.

5. We are coming to you next week 
 

6. They have come in this month 
 

when
Adverbs of time


Exercise 1:

adverbs 

1. He sings well. ........................................
2. He wrote neatly ........................................
3. Run fast ........................................
4. I will sleep happily. ........................................
5. They walked lazily ........................................
6. The bird sang sweetly ........................................
7. The sun shines brightly ........................................
8. You speak cleverly ........................................
9. They went heavily ........................................
10. I will study carefully ........................................
11. They bus is coming here. ........................................
12. They livethere. ........................................
13. They are sitting inside. ........................................
14. It is raining out side ........................................
15. Air is every ever ........................................
16. She came back ........................................
17. I looked up ........................................
18. Today is sunday ........................................
19. It was cold yesterday ........................................
20. Speak now ........................................
21. He was sleeping then ........................................
22. We will come soon ........................................
23. Some students come late ........................................
24. Wake up early ........................................
25. Father came on Monday ........................................

Exercise 2 : Fill in the blanks with the correct adverb from the box.
A) easily correctly slowly well
 
 
Fast loudly sweetly
  
 

1. She can dance ........................................

2. He sings ........................................
3. The old man walked ........................................
4. Sachin can bowl ........................................
5. The coolie liffed the box ........................................
6. Don`t speak ........................................
7. You have not done this exercise ........................................

B) everywhere here out side

 
    
back up down
    

1. Remove your shoes ........................................

2. We are living ........................................
3. I looked for you ........................................
4. Look ........................................ . There is a beautiful bird on
the three.
5. Kiran stayed  ........................................
6. I wander why father is coming ........................................

C) early then now

   
tomoroow yesterday late
 
    

1. I always wake up ........................................

2. We did not go to college ........................................
3. I do not need money ........................................
4. Don`t come ........................................ always come.
........................................
5. I was taking a bath ........................................
6. We shall see this play




Exercise 3 :



1

 (loudly)


2. 
 (here)


3.  (slowly)
4. 
(up)


5.   (immediately)
6. (carefully)
7. 
8. (so)
9.  (very)
10. (always, early)
11.  (never)
12.
(rea
ly)
13.  (Now)
14.  (rarely)
15.
(so
me times)

Exercise 4 : Translate into Marathi

1. I never eat non-veg. ........................................

2. He always plays. ........................................
3. We often go to cricus. ........................................
4. You some times. ........................................
5. We usully take our dinner at 9,0clock. ........................................
6. He rarely goes by train. ........................................
7. She is still in bed. ........................................
8. I will always remember you. ........................................
9. He has just gone out. ........................................
10. I havn`t eaten yet. ........................................
11. He is already there. ........................................
12. I am too tired. I can`t work now. ........................................
13. I opened the door quietly.........................................
14. He walks to work everyday ........................................
15. He died lastyear.........................................

* KINDS OF ADVERBS *

A. Adverbs of Time :-
Soon - already- since -
Presently- immediately - after words -

B. Adverbs of Place -
here there in, out , above, below, inside , out
side far 
 near, back, backword, forword, within 
without


C. Adverbs of Number -
once twice thrice always never
   
  
seldom often sometimes firstly secondly
 
  
 
thirdly finally then afterthat
  
 

D. Adverbs of degree .
very much too quite aalmost
  
 
   
partly wholly rather

  

E. Adverbs of manner :-
thus , so, well, ill, badly, slowly, fast certainly
sincerely

F. Adverbs of affirmation/Denial
No, Not, not at all, yes

G. Interrogative adverbs : -
when, what, where, why, how how, how often
how long, how much, how many, how far
Commonly, Generally, Surely.




Chapter - 7

Prepositions - 

A preposition is a word used to show the relation of one thing to

another in a sentence.

1. The book is on the table.


2. Books are in this bag.

3. He is near the bus. 
4. The fan is over our heads.

5. The cat is under the table.


A) Prepositions of place -

Where is .......... ?

1. At -  1. He is at school.

2. Now I am at home.

3. He is at the station.


2. In :-  1. Who is in the room?


2. They are in Pune.


3. On :-  The box is on the table.



ii) The dall is on the wall.

4. Off : The book fell off the table.



5. Across :- His house is across the road.


ii) The bridge is across the river.

6. Between - 
Our nose is between our nose.



Sohan is between Rohan and Ravi.
7. Throughout -
i) Smoke is throught the house.

 ii) He famous throughout the world.

iii) It rained throughout the district.


8. Next to - i) The temple is next to the river.

 
ii) My house is next to the Cinema theatre.




9. Against :-
He parked his bicycle against the wall.
˶mZo ˶mMr gm¶H$b q^Vrbm Q>oH$dyZ C^r
Ho$br,
We sat against the tree.




10. Beyond - 

i. The begger lives beyond the river.



ii. It is beyond your capacity.



iii. Can you see beyond the wall?



11. Along :- 
Walk along the road.

This road goes along the river.


12. Above :-  The sky is above our heads.



13. From - 

He is comming from Mumbai.

14. Below - 
Today temperature is below 200C.
0
C
15. Near -
Come near theatre.

16. Beside - 
He is beside the table.

17. By - 
Come and site by me.

18. In front of - 
Her house is in front of the post office.

19. Before -

Stand here before me.


20. Behind - 
A rat is behind the bag. 

 

21. Over :-  
The fan is over his head.



Under :- 
22. Over
)
What is under the table?

 A B : Prepositions of time :

 

 Time
year, months, weeks,days,  hours ,
minutes, 

1. At :- i.  at
at noon - tea time -

at down -  at sun seat -

at day - break - 

ii.at Idd
at Diwali -
- 

iii. at three o’ clock 

at 1.30  at 1.00 o’
clock.

2. In - in a week - in a
year - 
in an hour -  in this month -

in January -  in December -


i. in the morning, in

the afternoon in the evening.

ii. In summer, in winter, in monsoon.

iii. in 1960 in 1990 in 2008

I have come here in 1990. 1990



3. On On Monday -

On Saturday - 
We have a holiday on every Sunday. 
 
 


ii.On 26th January


Gandhiji was born on 2nd October. 
 


4. 
By -
 

by this year -  by
the day -
by Monday -  by 2010

by 3.30 pm 
He came by 8.00 a.m.


5. Before :- 
Come before evening.

We shall come before the show.

6. Since -



It has been raining since morning. 

 

I have been living here since 2001.

 

7. Be After :- 
I can pay you after this month. 

 

He died after a severe attack.
8. To -


It is ten to six.


It’s five to ten.



9. Past -


It is quarter pas ten. 
It’s half past nine.


10. Till - 

Wait till next Sunday.


I can come till morning.


11. Through - 

I took rest through this day.



It rained through last week.




12. During - 

i. We were in Surat during the last summer holiday. 
 
 

  came during the last night.
ii. The thieves


13. For -


for one month - for three hours -

for many days - 

I have not worked for a year.




C : Prepositions of direction & motion.



i. Into - 
He jumped into the river.

2. To -

They are going to the school.

I am comming to you, stay there.



3. From -
I am from Sangli.



Take this gift from me.


4. Out of - 
Come out of the house, I will seen them.


5. Towards - 
The tiger is comming towards us.



6. Off - 
Take your foot off the table.



He fell off the bed.


7. Up - 
Look up, it is raining.



8. Down - 
Get down the train.


9. Around - 
See these beautiful hills around this city.



The earth moves around the sun.



10. By - 
Come by the post office.


The tiger passed by me.

D. Prepositions of Manner

1. In - You are always in a hurry.

 We are in sorrow.


2. Like - 
i. I can speak like Amitabh.


ii. They quarrel like cats and dogs.



3. By -
Come by car - 

You should go there by train.



I like stories by Tagore.




4. With - 
Go with your brother

I saw him with a beautiful lady.



D. Other preposition.

1. In - I am not interest in this work.



Help your father in business.



2. On - He is working as a coolie on the bus station.
 

3. For - 
It is not for you.

For - 
1. It is time for school.

2. You are not fit for this work.



3. At -

You can not get it at low rate.




4. By - 
We sell milk by litre.

Bananas are available by dozen but cloth is by metre.




5. Of - 
He was died of T.B.

She was died of cancer.


6. about -
Don’t talk about him.


7. Besides - 
He read whole story besides this book.
 


Exercise - 1 : Use the correct preposition from the bracket.

1. The stars () are ..................... the sky. (in, over)

2. He is looking ..................... the black boark. (at, to)
3. They are ............... Wather ................ Satara district (in, at, into)
4. It rains ..................... the sky. (in, from)
5. You have a fever () You must go ............... doctor. (at, to)
6. Dinesh lives ..................... Pune. (at, in)
7. Satara is ..................... Karad and Pune. (among, between)
8. His house is ..................... the many trees. (among, between)
9. Now the sun is ..................... the clouds. ( ) (on, behind)
10. He fell ..................... the bicycle and got hurt. (  ) (of, off)
11. Switch the fan ....................., it cold now. (on, off)
12. Switch the radio .................. I want to listen the news. (off, on)
13. Turn the T.V. ..................... nobody is watching it. (off, on)
14. Turn ..................... the fan, I feel hot. (off, on)
Switch on  Switch off

Turn on Switch off
15. Turn the water ap () ..................... water is
wasting.
(on, off)
16. This bus goes ..................... city post office. (to, by)
17. I have come ..................... Kerala. (on, from)
18. Listen ..................... the radio. (to, on)
19. We write ..................... a pen. (by, with)
20. Ravana was killed ..................... Ram. (from, by)
21. The duster is ..................... the book. (over, on)
22. The moon is ..................... the hill. (on, over)
23. The baby is sleeping. It is ..................... the bed. (on, over)
24. Who is knocking ..................... the door. (at, on)
25. Mother loves ..................... us. (with, on)
26. Do you believe () ..................... God? (on,
in)
27. I am tired ..................... this work. (from, off) 
28. Are you afraid ..................... dogs? (to, of) 
29. Look ..................... your parents. They are old now.
 (at, after)
30. I am looking ..................... my pen. Have you seen it.
(at, for)
31. We started ..................... six ..................... the morning. (at, in,on)
32. I was born ............. a village .............. Maharashtra (in, at, from)
33. Come and sit ..................... me. (at, beside)
34. They are eat ..................... the dining table. (at, on)
35. Are you proud ..................... your country. (on, of) 
 
36. He is fond ..................... reading. (in, of)

37. I like to talk ..................... my country. (to, about)

38. Fruits are useful ..................... our health. (to, about) 
 
39. The pen is made ..................... plastic. (of,
by)
40. He is very famous ..................... his politics. ()
41. Now you are free ..................... your work.
(off, from)
42. Do this ..................... me. 
43. He is worthy ..................... his love. (in,
of)
44. You must speak ..................... the truth. (off, to)
45. I am sorry ..................... being late. (on, for)

Exercise - 2
Underline prepositions from the following sentences and write the
sentences into Marathi.
1. The duck () is in the pond.
__________________________________
2. The pig ( ) is near the gate.
__________________________________
3. We are goin to the park. ()
__________________________________
4. There is a pen in my pocket.
__________________________________
5. See the chair in the corner.
__________________________________
6. The black-board is on the wall.
__________________________________
7. The train is comming from Pune.
__________________________________
8. I am fond of music.
__________________________________
9. The moon is behind the tree.
__________________________________
10. Please, listen to me.
__________________________________
11. We paint ( ) with brush.
__________________________________
12. You are between your parents.
__________________________________
13. Wake up () early in the morning.
__________________________________
14. The bridge is across the river.
__________________________________
15. He lives at Guruwarpeth in Satara.
__________________________________

Exercise - 3 - Rewrite using correct prepositions from the box.

at in between of before
with under after to near
1. The lion lives .................... cave.
2. I am going .................... the office.
3. The ball is .................... the bat and the box.
4. We see .................... eyes.
5. He will come .................... June.
6. They are resting .................... the tree.
7. She will come back .................... dinner.
8. The jug is full .................... water.

Exercise - 4



1. by bus .................... 2. by Sachin ....................

3. by this year .................... 4. at night ....................
5. at home .................... 6. at 6.30 p.m. ....................
7. for one month ....................
9.for you ....................
11. with soap ....................
13. On the head ....................
15. from you ....................
17. at the office ....................
19. like him ....................
21. through the whole ....................
23. by Sunday ....................
25. in the city ....................
8. for many days ..................
10. for my mother ....................
12. on Sunday ....................
14. from Pune ....................
16. in this job ....................
18. at home ....................
20. like Shivaji ....................
22. for money ....................
24. at village ....................
26. inside the room ..................

Exercise - 5 Translate into English.

1.

 2.


3.

 4.


5.

 6.


7.

 8.


9.

 10.


11.

 12.


13.

 14.


15.

 16.


17.

 18.


19.

 20.


21.

 22.


23.

 24.


25.





  8.
Conjuctions


 








Conjuctions


 Conjuction :- The word which joins two or more than two words,
phrase, sentences together is called conjuction.


 








1. Sohan and Mohan are friends.


2. He is tall but his brother is short.


3. Dor or die. 
4. Come on right time otherwise he will punish you.


5. He is happy because he has got a lottery.


6. They are playing very good so they will win the match.


7. When I went to him, he was watching T.V.



8. If you run, you will get that bus.


9. I know that you are telling a lie.


10. Though she is 50. She looks young.
 


A : Co-ordinate Conjuctions

and but for yet so

   
   

however otherwise therefore whereas


  
 

besides also or nor as well as

    
 
 

B : Correlation Conjuctions

so..... that both .......... and so ........ as as ......as

 
  
not only ........ but also neither ........ nor either ......... or

 


no sooner ............. than hardly ........... when scarcely ........ when

  
 
 

though ............ yet



C : Subordinating Conjuctions

who how lest whenever

   

 
whom if since wherever

 
  
 

whose till because whoever

      
  
what untill before as if
 
   
when while though as though
    

 
where that although so that
     
 
why then whether as soon as
  

 
Unless

Exercise - 1 :
Underline to the conjuctions from the following sentences.

1. Are you free or not?

2. We will go on the fort so come early.
3. I ran fast but I could not get the train.
4. He is absent because he is ill.
5. You can pass if you study hard.
6. I can’t help you unless you come here.
7. They won the match when they played well.
8. He said that his father was at home.
9. Kumar is neither a teacher nor a doctor.
10. Go straight till you come the tall building.
11. As he is tired, he will not play today.
12. He will die before doctor comes.
13. I can’t help untill I have money.
14. She likes neither tea nor coffee.
15. I know why they are comming here.
16. Tell me when your comming to the picnic.

Exercise - 2
Translate the following sentences into Marathi.

1. We are late bcause our bus tire was puncture.

.......................................................................................
2. He is happy but you are sad.
.......................................................................................
3. The body is crying because it is hungry.
.......................................................................................
4. We want to learn English so we are here.
.......................................................................................
5. He has lot of money, yet he will not buy a car.
.......................................................................................
6. The sun is behind the hills however we can see.
.......................................................................................
7. Come and enjoy.
.......................................................................................
8. Go but take care.
 .......................................................................................
9. Sit here or play there.
.......................................................................................
10. I am B.Com. but I can’t speak English.
.......................................................................................
11. Though they are late, he will not punish them.
.......................................................................................
12. If I were there, I would not allow them.
.......................................................................................
13. Both my father and mother are in service.
.......................................................................................
14. He is not only rich but also brave.
.......................................................................................
15. Do you want a pen or a pencil?
.......................................................................................

Exercise - 3
 

1
 

....................................................................................... 
2.


....................................................................................... 
3.


....................................................................................... 
4.


....................................................................................... 
5.


....................................................................................... 
6. 
....................................................................................... 
7. 
.......................................................................................
8.


....................................................................................... 
9.


.......................................................................................
10.


.......................................................................................

Exercise - 4Join the following sentences by using conjuctions from the

brackets.

1. They are worrked. They tired. (and)

.......................................................................................
2. She is old. She can work hard. (but)
.......................................................................................
3. She came. We went away. (and)
.......................................................................................
4. Rupa failed. She did not study. (because)
.......................................................................................
5. You have fever. You must go to doctor. (so)
.......................................................................................
6. Father came home. I was watching T.V. (when)
.......................................................................................
7. He ate. He finished his work. (when)
.......................................................................................
8. Study hard. You will fail. (or)
.......................................................................................
9. Wait. The water boils. (till)
.......................................................................................
10. Don’t walk in the sun stroke. You will fell ill. (otherwise).
.......................................................................................
 



 





1. Alas ! 
  Alas ! She is failed again.



2. Alas ! the poor man is dead.


2. Hurrah ! 
Hurrah ! we won the match.


3. Hush !
Hush ! the baby is sleeping.

4. O - 
O God, save me.


5. Oh ! 
Oh ! what a beautiful painting !




6. Bravo ! 
1. Bravo ! that was a fine kick.
2. Bravo ! well done.
7. Ah ! 
Ah ! it is very sad.


8. Wow - 
Wow ! you got lottery.

9. Well done ! 

You got first rank, well done !
10. Ouch ! 
Ouch ! it pinched me.


Uses of some important words.








1. This That These Those

A: This :-



  
 

 1. This is my hand. -

 2. This is your pen. - 
 3. This pen -
 This pen is new.


 4. This city -
 This city is on the bank of the river.
 

 5. This is a girl. 
 This girl is clever.


 6. This clever girl - 
  This clever girl is my sister. 

 


B : That -


That


That dog -  that woman -


that house - 
1. That is a house.   
2. That house is big. 
 
3. That is a cat. 
4. That cat is catching a rat.


5. That man is my neighbour.



C : These -  This -

 these
 

these 

i. : these books - these note-

books.
these eyes - 
1. These are books. 
2. These books are beautiful.

3. These are boys. 
4. These boys are playing.

5. These playing boys are tired.


D : Those -  those

That


those balls - those ladies -

those trees -  those fat people -


1. Those are your brothers.


2. Those your brothers are brave.

3. Those are tall trees.

4. Those tall trees are useful.

5. Those luck children have rich parents. 
 


Study the sentences.

This is ..................... That is .....................

These are ..................... Those are .....................
a ball < balls.
This is a ball. That is a ball.
These are balls. Those are bolls.

Exercise - 1Translate into Marathi.

1. This car is costly. .........................................
2. This is a beautiful bird. .........................................
3. This snake is poisonus. .........................................
4. That naughty boy is crying. .........................................
5. That is an egg. .........................................
6. These hands are dirty.
.........................................
7. These are sold pictures.
.........................................
8. Those villages are developed. .........................................
9. Those are tired players. .........................................
10. Those tired players are not happy. .........................................

II. This is a ................ This is the ................

These are ................ These are the ................
Those are ................ Those are the ................


where, who, that whose, which, -
type


A :- 1. This is a man. 

who -


 This is the man -
This
This is the man who always comes here.


who
2. This the girl who helped me.




 
3. These are the students who visited Kargil.
 


whose - 
1. This is the girl whose father is Chief Minister.


2. That is the dog whose tell is cut.




 

3. Those are people whose names are not in this list.




4. That is the old man whose son has many cars.




that -



1. Tis is the house that my father built.




2. This is the chair that has four legs.




 





which -


1. This is the cat which killed the rat.



2. That is the temple which is built before hundred years.



3. Those are the roads which are rough and dangerous for
travelling.




where - 

1. This is the house where I was born.


2. That the city where Ravana kept Seeta.



3. That is the school where Maths is not taught.



4. This is the class where English is taught.




Exercise - 2
 

Exercise
1. This is a white car. ..................................
2. That is your house. ..................................
3. These are tall trees. ..................................
4. Those are good books. ..................................
5. This is the house where I live. ..................................
6. This is the girl who works hard. ..................................
7. That is the village where good people live. .......................
8. This is the pen which is very nice. ..................................
9. That is the city where rich people live. ...............................
10. These are the boys who play very well. .............................

Exercise - 3 : Use ‘who, whose, which, that where appropriately.

1. This is the servent  ...................... is very honest.

2. That is the tree ...................... is very useful.
3. These are the places ...................... we always go.
4. Those are the shops ...................... books are sold.
5. This is the fat man ...................... weight is 150 kg.
6. That is the metal ...................... is very
precious.
7. That is the table on ...................... I keep my books.
8. That is the hut ...................... owner is this man.
9. Those are birds ...................... live on the trees.
10. This is the girl ...................... dress is red.
11. That is the child ...................... has no father.
12. This is the bag in ...................... I keep my books.

2. It -
   It






I - Time :- 
 White time is it ?

1. It is 3.00 O’ clock. 

2. It is time to eat.

3. It was time to sleep.


4. It is early. It is late. It is right time.
5. It is right time to study.

6. It was good day.

7. It was good day to start working. 

 

8. It was Diwali when he came to us. 

 

9. It is Sunday when you have to work for me.




II. 
1. It takes one hour.

2. It takes one year.

3. It will take many days.

4. It took four hours.

5. It takes very little time.


III.


1. It is winter. 
2. It was summer. 
3. It is spring. 

IV. 
1. It is raining. 
2. It is hailing. 
3. It is snowing. 
4. It is warm / hot / cold / fine / cloudy / windy / sunny/
foggy/ dark.
V. It is + to ...........................

1. It is easy / difficult / possible / dengerous / safe / good/

bad - to work here.
2. It is good to eat fresh vegetables.



3. It is bad to drink impure water.


4. It is easy to cheat people.



5. It is not difficult to learn English.



VI. It takes + to ......................

1. It takes only one hour to complete this work.



2. It will take 15 minutes to reach my house.



 3. Aeroplane takes only two hours to cover the distance
between Mumbai and Calcutta.




4. It will take one hour to write this letter.




Exercise : Translate into Marathi.

1. It is good to speak the truth. .......................................

2. It is easy to get success. .......................................
3. It is not good to work people. .......................................
4. It rains heavily. .......................................
5. It takes three days to go there. .......................................
6. It will take a year to build this house. ..................................
7. It was Sunday when I came to me. ......................................
8. It was Ganesh Festival when he bought that car.
.......................................
9. It is time to work. .......................................

Exercise - 2
Translate into English.
1.
 
.......................................
2.
 
.......................................
3.
 
.......................................
4.
 
.......................................
5.
 
.......................................
6.
 
.......................................
7.
 
.......................................
8.
 
.......................................
9.
 
.......................................
10.
 
.......................................

3. There -

There

there






1. 
A pen is on the table.
 
 - There is a pen on the table.

2. Monkeys are on the tree.


There are monkeys on the tree.

3. No water is in the river.


There is no water in the river.
4. Four members are in my family.


There are four members in my family.

5. No good roads are in villages.



There are no good roads in villages.

 


Exercise 1 : Translate the following sentences into Marathi.

1. There seven days in a week.

..................................................................................

2. There is no any rate in this house.

..................................................................................

3. There are 365 days in a year?

..................................................................................

4. How many chairs are there in your house?

..................................................................................

5. It there any good hotel in this area?

..................................................................................

6. How much water is there is this river?

..................................................................................

7. How many vowels are their in English alphabets?


..................................................................................

8. There will be no any lady member for the next Z.P. election.
..................................................................................

9. What is there on the table?

 ..................................................................................

10. Is there anybody waiting for me?

..................................................................................

4. If ............ not ....

Conditional tense.

A; Probable condition :-




you will pass

1. If you study hard, you can pass.
you may pass.



 
   
 

he will get bus.

2. If he runs fast, he can get bus.
he may get bus.

     
 
 
   





3. If they play well, they can/will/may - win the match.





B. Improbable condition :-
  + ........... could / would / might +
V1

you would reach in time.

1. If you walked fast, you could reach in time.
you might reach in time.

    
 
 






he would buy a car.

2. If he had money, he could buy a car.
he might buy a car.

    
 
 

 
    
 


C : Impossible condition :- 

1. If I were a frog, I would jump.



2. If he were a snake, I would catch him.


3. If I were your brother, I would not quarrel.


4. If she were a tiger, we would kill her.
 


I would help you.

5. If I were Prime Minister, I could help you.
I might help you.

I would have passed.

6. If I had worked hard, I could have passed.
I might have passed.

    
 
 

    
 


I would have helped you.

7. If you had come to me, I could have helped you.
I might have helped you.

    
 
 



    
 



Exercose - 1 Translate into Marathi.

1. If you come here, I will tell you. .........................................

2. If they help me, I will be thankful to them. ...............................
3. If you talk loudly, he will be angry. ...............................
4. If I worked hard. I would get money. ...............................
5. If she asked me, I would tell her. ...............................
6. If they come, I will ask them. ...............................
7. I can help you if you come here. ...............................
8. If you don’t pay, you can’t get ticket. ...............................
9. If they did play well, they would win. ...............................
10. If you were a Frog, I would catch you. ...............................
11. If I were a bird, I would fly. ...............................
12. If I were there, I would not allow to do so. .............................

Second Book



Tense 
(main types of tenses)

1.  :- Present Tense

2.  :- Past Tense
3.  :- Future Tense

  : (Sub types of tenses)

1. : Simple Tense 2.

: Imperfect 3.
Perfect Tense .
Continuous/Progressive Tense 
 Perfect continuous Tense.



1.   Simple Present

Tense 
2.    Simple Past
Tense
3.   Simple Future Tense
4.  Present
Continuous Tense
5.    Past continouns Tense
6.   Future continous Tense 
7.  Present Perfect
Tense 
8.    Past Perfect Tense 
9.  Future Perfect Tense
10. Present
Perfect Continuous Tense 
11.  Past Perfect
Continuous Tense
12.   Future
Perfect Continuous Tense 




V1
 (V2)
 (V3) V-ing 

to write - wrote -  written -
writing 

A. 1. Simple Present Tense
 

    

 I eat 
  We eat
 
 You eats  You eat

 He eats   
 She eats They eat 
 It eats  

 
(He, She,
It,)
`S`
`es`

B.

``Do``Does`

ses
`does`
s``es`

do 

eat = does not eat
I does not eat 
You do not eat 

ii) eats = does not eat

He does not eat 
She does not eat 
It does not eat 

C:
Do I eat ?  Do we eat ?

Do you eat ?  Do you eat

Does he eat ? 
Does she eat ?  Do they eat
? 
 Does it eat ? 

Exercise 1 :

go



A  B 
C 
S+V1 S+do not/does not .......... ? Do/Does+S+.......?

1. I ............. 1. I ............. 1. Do I go ?
2. We ............. 2. We ............. 2. ....... we
.....?
3. You ............. 3. You ............. 3. ....... you .....?
4. You ............. 4. You ............. 4. ....... you .....?
5. He ............. 5. He ............. 5. ....... he .....?
6. She ............. 6. She ............. 6. ....... she .....?
7. It ............. 7. It ............. 7. ....... it .....?
8. They ............. 8. They ............. 8. ....... they .....?

Exercise 2 :




A.  B. 
C. 
1. I work 1. I .............. work 1. Do I work
.............. .............. ? ..............

2. We play 2. We .............. play 2. ..............

.............. ................ 7..............

3. You write 3. You .............. write 3. ............you write?

.............. .............. ..............

4. He goes 4. He .............. go. 4. .............. he go ?

.............. .............. ..............

5. She dance 5. She .............. dance. 5.............she dance?

 .............. .............. ..............

6. It runs 6. It .............. run. 6..................It tun?

.............. .............. ..............

7. They try 7. They .............. try. 7................they try?

.............. .............. ..............

8. Mayur comes 8. Mayur .............. comes. 8........mayur comes?

.............. .............. ..............
9. Kala sits 9. Kala .............. sits. 8..............kala sits ?
.............. .............. ..............

10. wa take 10. We .............. eake. 10..............we take?

.............. .............. ..............
11. They sleep 11. They .............. sleep. 11 Do they ...............
.............. .............. ..............

12. a boys cries 12. They .............. try. 12...............they try?

.............. .............. ..............

13. The chid smiles 13. The chid ..............smile. 13................the chid?
.............. .............. ..............
14. The bird files 14. The bird ..............fly. 14. .......the bird fly
.............. .............. ..............

15. The birds fly 15. The birds .............. fly 15. .......the birds fly
.............. .............. ..............

study the following sentences .

1. I work 
I always work 

never 
always offen
 sometimes 
usually  every day every year


we play 
 we always play


2. She is late

She is ussally


3. He comes here.
 
She offen comes here.


4. We go to play.

We some times go to play. 
  
 


5. He cries 
He hever cries.


6. we eat 
we eat every day.


7. we clebrate Diwali.
We clebrate Diwali.



Exercise - 3 :



1. Mother always works

..........................................................................................
2. He hever tells a lie 
..........................................................................................
3. Shital eats non-veg. sometime.
..........................................................................................
4. We ussally go for summing
..........................................................................................
5. He offen visits us.
..........................................................................................
6. Everyday I go for walking
..........................................................................................
7. He celebrates his birthday every year
..........................................................................................
8. The sun always rises () in the east.
..........................................................................................
9. He is always happy.
..........................................................................................
10. He never eats curd. 
..........................................................................................

Exercise - 4:
Make negative of the following sentences.
1. I love them .........................................................
2. She read loudly .........................................................
3. Rohan looks angily .........................................................
4. They help us. .........................................................
5. The buses run fast .........................................................
6. The moon shines .........................................................
7. Hari speaks lovingly .........................................................
8. English people speak english ........................................................
9. The mansons build houses
............................................................................
10. A cow eats grass .................................................................

Exercise - 5:
Make question and write thir meaning

1. I love eating fruits

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

2. 
It rains in mansoon

.................................................................................................
 .................................................................................................

3. Writers write hovels. 

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

4. We brush every day.

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

5. He always wakr up early.

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

6. We enjoy every year.

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

7. The stars  look brightly.

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

8. we worshship good
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
9. He adores  cooktali. 
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

10. Avtors  act very well.

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

Wxercise - 6 :

1. 
 



2.
 



3.




4.




5.





6.





7.




8.




9.





10.




11.




12.




13.




14.





15.




16.





17.




18.




19.




20.
(Swe
etly)


21. (frog-
jumps)


22.





23.
(hunts)



24.





25.






Simple Past Tense -


 


did



Study the following sentences.
A] 

 I forgot -   We forgot -
 
 You Forgot-   You forgot
-  

 He forgot -  
 She forgot -    The forgot
-   
 It Forgot -   

B] did not +

  did not = didn`t 
1. I forgot -   
2. We did not forgot -
 
3. You did not forgot - 
4. You did not forgot -

5. He did not forgot - 
6. She did nit forgot - 
 
7. It did not forgot -  
8. They did not forgot - 

 Come did not come 
 wrote did not write 
 sang did not sing 
 worked did not work
 laughed did not laugh

1. He did not wait. 
2. I did not go.   
3. Meena did not eat. 
4. He did not learn. 

5. They did not play.  
6. Vijay did not get married

7. We did not dry
 
8. The servant did not clean this room 

 

9. Washeman did not wash cloth.


10. The singer did not sing.


Exercise 1 :
1. I counted  ............................................................
2. He thorght 
...................................................................
3. The dog bit him ................................................................
4. He Taught
................................................................
5. Girish broke this miroor
..................................................
6. They made this table
.......................................................
7. Villagers came together
...............................................
8. Lafit went there ................................................................
9. He reached home
......................................................
10. who came first ? ................................................................
11. Who built it ? ................................................................
12. Who wrote this story ................................................................
13. They practised. ................................................................
14. The birds flew ................................................................
15. The sun rose ................................................................

Exercise - 2

1.He Stood outside ................................................................
2.I sold my car ................................................................
3.Rekha did not read ................................................................
4.I did not see ................................................................
5.We did not sit there ................................................................
6.Leela did not give me. ................................................................
7.He did not sleep last drink milk .................................................
8.We did not sleep last night ..........................................................
9.The players did not play ................................................................
10.
India did not win
............................................................

Exercise - 3 :
Translate into english
1.





2.





3.




4.




5.




6.




7.




8.




9.





10.
............................................
.............................
11.
......................
.............................................
12.




13.



..
14.




15.





(cry, know, teach, send, get, steal, play, rise, come, reeoghise, paint,
brush, fold, hear.)

C] 

did +

?

1. I worked Did I work

Came Did ....................come ? ....................

?
went  Did ...................go?
................... ?
Slept Did ...................sleep ?
................. ?
forgot  Did ...................forgot?
............ ?
tore  Did ................... tear ?
............... ?
Study the following sentences.
1. Didi I try ?
 
2. Did it rain ?  
3. Did mother cook?

4. Did he lift the box ?

5. Did they get late ?

6. Did she call you?

7. Did you attend his liecture ?


8. Did the monkeys jump?

9. Did lata study ?

10. Did it rain?


Exercise - 3: Write the following sentences making questions.

1. The fly sat on his nose.

2. Aruma slapped him. 
3. Viru sold his house.
4. Sellers sold their goods.
5. I got idea.
6. The peon rang () the bell
7. He pleced this chair here.
8. They protected () us.
9. Villas ran the shop.
10. Tejas came to me.

Exercise - 4 : Translate into marathi.

1. Did they buy ? ........................................................................

2. Did the dog bark ? ..................................................................
3. Did we play ?.........................................................................
4. Did your father work yesterday?.............................................
5. Did mukesh like my house ? ....................................................
6. Did you practise ?....................................................................
7. Did she tell you her name?.....................................................
8. Did his brother receive that letter? .......................................
9. Did they complete their work?.................................................
10. Did I drive ?...........................................................................
11. Did you ride house?................................................................
12. Did she lock her safe?..........................................................
13. Did they die?...........................................................................
14. Did she tell you?....................................................................
15. Did the teacher come?............................................................

Exercise - 5:
Write the following sentence using simple pase tense.

1. Kirti kills flires. ....................................................................

2. I do not know........................................................................
3. Do they help you ?.................................................................
4. Does vishal come here?...........................................................
5. We do not eat apples............................................................
6. We do not like carrots .............................................................
7. They see up...........................................................................
8. He gets angry.......................................................................
9. I feel sorry..........................................................................
10. They start working early........................................................

Exercise - 6 : Translate into English.

1. 
...............................................................
2.
 



 




4. 
....................................................................
5. 
 


6. 



7.  
 


8. 
 


9. 
 


10. 
 


11. 
 


12. 



13. 
 


14. 
 


15. 




C. Sample Furure Tense 

 Shall/will
 
 A. 

I shall write  We shall write
 
You will write You will write
 
He will write   
She will write   They will write
 
It will write  

Study the following Sentences

1. The girl will come. 

2. I shall wait till tommarow.
 

3. It will rain. 

4. He will eat. 

5. We shall try.


6. You will sing 

7. Mother will help.

 

8. Pupil will study.
 

9. The sun wisll rise . 

10. She will get angry. 


B.
 shall/will + not 
 
 will not = won`t 
 will not come 

 will not hepl. will not
play 

1. I shanot read. 

2. Seema won`t say `Yes`


3. Sneha will not complain


4. Anita will not work.


 5. I shall not forgot.


C: 
Shall/will + + v1 + ? 
..................





1. Shall I come ?  
  
 2. Shall we write ?
 

3. Will they win ?


4. Will hari 
 

5. Will Hari raed.  

6. will formers be happy ?


7. Shall we come ?


8. will the cat sit here ?


9. Will it rain romorrow?


10. Will he pay me aftere two day ?



Exercise - 1 : Make questions and write the marati meaning of them.

1. Vikas will come a doctor .........................................................

.................................................................................................

2. They will play here . ........................................................

.................................................................................................

3. Kunal will write his father ..................................................

.................................................................................................

4. You will feel()shy()

..................................................
.................................................................................................
5. It will get darkL ()
.................................................
.................................................................................................

6. Sweta will can us. .................................................

.................................................................................................

7. We shall not eat .................................................

.................................................................................................

8. He will sit there. .................................................

.................................................................................................

9. I Shall sing a song .................................................

.................................................................................................

10. They will swim .................................................

.................................................................................................

Exercise - 2 : Translate into Marathi

1. I Shall not cry .................................................

2. The animals ( )will not die()

.................................................
3. The flowers will bloom 

.................................................

4. Will you get up before 5.000 clock ?

.................................................

5. Shall we try ? .................................................

6. He will run to catch the bus? .................................................

Exercise - 3 : Rewrite using simple present tens.

1. Komal helped me. .................................................

2. We do not practise. .................................................

3. She does not think. .................................................

4. Do I know you ?

.................................................

5. Smita did not take bath. .................................................

6. Did they join() us.

.................................................

7. The postman brings letters .................................................

8. The women work in the house .................................................
9. Ashish walked fast. .................................................
10. I promice () you.
.................................................

Exerise - 4 :


1.  
 



2.
 



3.
 



4.
 


5.
 



6.
 



7.
 



8.
 



9.


 




10.
 



Exerise - 5 :

1. I think so. 

.................................................

2. he wants this book.

.................................................

3. will you drink milk ? .................................................

4. They did not swim. .................................................

5. who come to you. .................................................

6. who will not learn ? .................................................

7. Will they stop working ? .................................................

8. The rat cut your shirt. .................................................

9. We did not buy books. .................................................

10. Will you speak ? .................................................

11. Do you come everyday ? .................................................

4. Present Progressive Continous Tense

A : 
am, is, are + coming
is coming -  are writing 
 
am runing - 

1. I am trying

2. You are watching T.V.


3. He is kissing.

4. She will waiting.

5. They are crying. 
6. Who is reading. 
7. Arjun is laughing. 
8. The birds are singing. 

B. 

are going - are not going 

 is standing - is not standing.


1. He is not opening the door.



2. I am not drawing a picture.



3. They are not wandering.



4. It is not rainning.


5. They are not walking.



C: 

1. Are they coming back ?

 

2. Am I looking tired ?



3. Are they learning ?



4. Is the making tea ?



5. Is he buying ?


Exercise - 1 : Write into Marathi

Exercise - 2 : Rewrite the following senrences by using `no; or `not`.

1. You are singing. ...............................................

2. They are cutting. ...............................................

3. I am painting 
...............................................

4. We are working ...............................................

5. She is reading stories. ...............................................

6. Suhas is jumping. ...............................................

7. He is closing his eyes. ...............................................

8. I am closing my account ...............................................

9. You are writing my name. ...............................................

10. They chasing are you.

.............................................

Exercise - 3 : Use present continuous Tense.

1. Water Freezes 

...............................................

2. Ice melts.  ...............................................

3. They hide behind the

door.............................................

4. Farmers keep pet animals.

.......................................

5. Birds catch insects.

...............................................

6. The baby sleeps. ...............................................

7. You spend money.

...............................................
8. They waste their
time............................................

9. He dreams. 
...............................................

10. I take books. ...............................................

Exercise - 4 : Rewrite making question and write their meaning into

Marathi.

1. I am finding answers . .....................................

...............................................................................................?

2. We are not reding .....................................

...............................................................................................?

3. The mother is feeding her baby. .....................................

...............................................................................................?

4. Vimal is not working .....................................

............................................................................................... ?

5. Animals are drinking water .....................................

............................................................................................... ?

Exercise - 5 :



1. 
 



2. 
 



3.  
 


 
4.   
 


 
5.  
 



5. Past Continuous Tense.

A : 

A:- Was writing -were


running -
was eating - were resting -


1. You were playing.



2. We werw watching.


3. It was raining.


4. Minesh was watering garden.




5. They were having tea. 

B :

 was not writing. were not
taking. 

1 He was not selling eggs.

 
2
We were not sitiing.

3. Father was not going to office.
 

4. You were noy buying fruits.
 

5. The moon was not rising.
 

 C : 

1. Were they listeing stories ?


 
2. Was he working there ?


 
3. Were the birds making nests ?


 
4. Was the brushing her teeth ?


5. Was he asking you ?
 


Exercise - 1. 


1. Were they coming here ? ................................... ?
2. was I helping or not ? ................................... ?

3. were they playing ? ................................... ?

4. Was he listening sing ? ................................... ?

5. were we watching T.V. ................................... ?

6. Was she coming to us. ................................... ?

Exercise - 2 : Translate into Engligh

1.  
 ................................... ?

2. (the cattle)

 ................................... ?

3. 
 ................................... ?

4. 
 ................................... ?

5.  
 ................................... ?

6.  
 ................................... ?
 
7. 
 ................................... ?

Continuous future Tense
A: 
 Shall be/ will + v-ing 
1. I shall be reading. 
2. We shall be taking.

3. They will be singing. 
4. He will be eating. 
5. Iswar will be buying cloths.

6. The doctor will be treating paitients.



B : 
Shall/will + + be+ v-ing ?

1. Shall I be coming ?


2. Shall we singing ?


3. Will you be studying ?



4. Will he be woshing ?


5. Will it be raing ?


6. Will the truck carrying goods ?



7. will she cooking ?




C: 
    
 
+ shall not be + v- ing

1. He will not be singing. 

2. She will not be quarreling. 

3. They will not be waiting.


4. I shall not be working.



5. Satish will not be comming. 


Exercise :- Translate into Marathi

1. Farmers coill be working. ......................................

2. The kids()will not be crying ......................................

3. Will the birds making nests? ......................................

4. Will they be playing ? ......................................

5. They will not be studying ? ......................................

6. The dogs will not be barking . ......................................

7. I shall be openning gate. ......................................

8. You will not be sitting there. ......................................

9. Shall we be coming here ? ......................................

10. will he be singing ? ......................................

6. Present Perfect Tense

A: 
+ have/has + v3 ................


See = have seen work = have

worked 
write = has written  ask = has asked

1. He has seen circus.


2. I have visited them.



3. They have asked me.



4. Hari has tried many times.




5. You have boiled eggs.



B : 
have come = have not come - 
has lost = has not lost - 

1. He has not come.



2. We have not reached yet.




3. I have not seen sharbee yet.




4. You have not repaired your radio.



 

 

1. Have you seen ?


2. Have they come ?


3. Has he got married ?



4. have you brought water ?




Exercise - : Translate into marathi

1. Has daya come ? .........................................

2. Has Kiran helped me ? .........................................

3. Have you given him your book ? .........................................

4. I have lost my pen. .........................................

5. You has requested me to help. .........................................

6. She has asked me many questions. .........................................

7. We have called you here. .........................................

8. we have not worked yest. .........................................

9. I have not seen her since morring. .........................................

10. You have sent him money order .........................................

11. Lata has kept her promise. .........................................

12. He has not told his name yet. .........................................

13. You have not paid your bill .........................................

14. Mother has not cooked rice . .........................................

15. Have I prepaied ? .........................................

Exercise - 2 : Translate into English

1. 
.........................................

2. 
 .........................................

3. 
 .........................................

4.

 .........................................

5. 
 .........................................

6. 
 .........................................

7.  
 .........................................

8. 

 .........................................

9.

 .........................................

10.

 .........................................

12. 
 .........................................

13. 
 .........................................
14.


.........................................

15.

 .........................................
 
B : 

had come - had written -

had seen -  had helped -


1. I had kept my pen in this bag.



2. He had come. 

3. She had come. 

 
had



B : 
had not checked -  had not
seen 
 had not cut -  had not sold -

 
1. I had not written. 

2. You had not wlked.


3. They had not come. 

4. We had not punished.


C: 

1. Had I drunk milk ?


2. Had she prayed god ?



3. Had you received letters ?



4. Had fhey sold fruits ?



Exercise - A: Make negatives and question of the following sentences

1. He had made tables. ......................................... ?

2. You had come before time. ......................................... ?

3. The animals had lived here. ......................................... ?

4. The baby had cried for two house ......................................... ?

5. Megha had done her home work.......................................... ?

6. Savita had got a new car. ......................................... ?

7. My friends had seen my olace ......................................... ?

8. Kaustubh had missed his bus. ......................................... ?

9. Shri had taken his bat ......................................... ?

10. Munna had written ......................................... ?

Exercise - B Translate into Marathi

1. Had you seen my neew house? ......................................... ?

2. Had you not written him ? ......................................... ?

3. Mahesh had drunk. ......................................... ?

4. I had not closed it ......................................... ?

5. She had closed him business. ......................................... ?

6. You had not come to learn. ......................................... ?

7. They had noy read all lessions . ......................................... ?

Exercise : C Translate into English.

1.
 



2. 
 



3.


 



4.







5.




?
6.




7.





Future Perfect Tense

(shall have/will have + V 3)

A: 

1. I shall have worked.


2. They will have come. 
3. You will have studied.

4. She will have finished.

5. We shall have listened.


B: 

1. I shall have not worked.


2. They will have not come.

3. You will have not studied.

4. We shall have not written.

5. She will have not gone.


C:
1. Shall I have played ?

2. Will you have come ?

3. will they have gone ?

4. will she have god ?

5. Shall we have worked ?



Exercise - 1 : Translate into Marathi.

1. The bird will have flown

2. Rupa will not have seen swati.
3. He will have switch on radio
4. The wants have played.
5. Smita will not have written .
6. You will not have sung song.
7. Will the people have enjoyed. ?
8. Will you have got my letter?
9. Will your mother have cooked ?
10. She will not have watched T.V. ?

Exercise - 2 : Translate into English.

1. 
2. 
3. 
4.


5. 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense


S+have/has+ been + v - ing





1. I have been playing.

 

2. You have been studying.

 
3. He has been reading.
 
4. It has been raining.
 
5. You have been learning since 2000.

 


B: 
S + have/has+ not + been+ v- ing
1. You have not been working.


2. She has not been speaking.

3. We have not been watching T. V.

     
 

C: 
 Have /has + S + seeen + v-ing + ?

1. Have you been reading ?



2. Has kiran been playing ?




3. Has your mother helping you ?


     
 

Exercise - 1 : Translate into Marathi.

1. I have been listening. ............................................

2. They have not been talking. ............................................

3. She has not been asking. ............................................

4. Have they been working? ............................................?

5. Has leela been stuying ? ............................................?

6. Have I been stuying ? ............................................?

7. It has been raining ............................................

8. The teacher have been teaching. ............................................

9. Have they been learning ? ............................................ ?

10. Have you not been living here? ............................................

Exercise - 2 : Translate into English.

1. 
 


2. 



3. 
 


4.


 


5.




6.


 


7.


 


8. 
 


9.




10.


 



Past Perfect Contiuous Tense

A : 
S + had + no been + v - ing.


1. I had been singing.


2. You had been waiting.


3. ravi had studying.



B : 
S + had + not been + v - ing -


1. I had not been singing.


2. You had not been waiting.


3. Ravi had not been studying. 
    
 


 C : 
 Had + S + been + v - ing + ?



1. Had you been working ?



2. Had they been waiting ?



3. Had she been singing ?


Exercise - : Translate into Marathi

1. had you father been working ? .................................... ?

 2. Had the people been sitting here ? .................................... ?
 3. Had they been killing birds ? .................................... ?
 4. He had not been painting a picture ? ....................................
? 5. She had been sitting there ? .................................... ?
 Exercise - 2 : Translate into English.
1.
 

2.
 

3. 
4. 
5.
 

6.
 

7. 

Future Perfect Continous Tense.
 A: 

1. You will have been reading.


2. She will have been writing

3. They will have been learning.


B : 
S + will/shall + not have + been + v- ing


1. You will not have been reading.
 
2. She will not have been writing.


3. I shall not have been learning.
 

C: 

 Shall/will + S + been + v - ing + ?
 

1. Will you not have been reading ?


2. Will she have been writing?


3. Will he not have been learning ?


Exercise - : Translate into Marathi.

1. He will have been running .............................................?

2. You will not have been drinking? ..........................................?
3. She will not have been working? ..........................................?
4. The players will have been playing. ......................................?
5. Will he have been action? .............................................?
6. Will the children have been talking ? .....................................?
7. I shall not have been eating? .............................................?
8. Will it have been raining ? .............................................?
9. I shall have been helping? .............................................?
10. You will have been waiting here. ..........................................?

Exercise - 3 : Translate into Marathi

1. I have been writing. .............................................

2. Had you been eating? .............................................?
3. You will not have been coming .............................................
4. Will they have been playing. ............................................. ?
5. He had not been doing work .............................................
6. Had we been playing here ? .............................................?
7. They have been studying there .............................................

Exercise - 1 : Translate into Marathi

1. He saw me. .......................................

2. They come here. .......................................
3. I wrote them. .......................................
4. They asked us .......................................
5. He did not see. .......................................
6. I did not tell. .......................................
7. We did not try. .......................................
8. I don`t work. .......................................
9. You play. .......................................
10. She reads. .......................................
11. We kill. .......................................
12. Neha works. .......................................
13. who comes. .......................................
14. Who goes? .......................................
15. Who dont work. .......................................
16. He does not ask .......................................
17. who did not come ........................................
18. we don`t pkay. .......................................
19. Birds flew. .......................................
20. The children cried .......................................
Exercise :- Translate into Marathi

1. 
 


2.   
 


3.  
 


4. 



5. .



6.   
 


7.  
 


8.  
 


9.  
 


10.  
 


11.  
 


12.  
 


13. 
 


14. 
 


15. 
 


16.  
 


17.   
 


18.   
 


19.  
 


20.  
 


21.  
 


22. 
 


23. 



24. 
 


25.   
 


26. 
 


27.  
 



13
 
 Add a question tag (1
)
 question tag




tag


 


1. You are writing arent you ?

2. They are not singing, are they ?

3. We have played, haven`t I ?

4. We can write, can`t we ?


5. Meena was not writing was she?


Question Tag



1.  (Positive)
 
2. (Pronoun of the subject)
3.

(helping verb)
4.
contrad
icted forms.

A: Question tag

 t
ag 
The boys are playing, aren`t they ?

 tag


They have not played, have them ?


1. An apple is red, isnt it ?
2. The birds can`t speak, can they?
3. You have never seen me, have you?
4. My Mother will work, want she ?
 My mother will not work, will she ?
6. I shall play, shan`t I ?
 I am not happy, am I ?


do, does
 

 do
does
Ses 

1. He works hard, doesn`t he ?
2. Swati sings a song, doesn`t she ?
3. They play here, don`t they ?
 did

1. I wrote him many letters, didn`t I ?
2. You saw me, didn`t you ?

IItag will you



 

1. Let me play, will you ?

2. Open the door, will you?
3. Don`t talk loudly, will you ?

III Let (let`s) us

tag Shall
we
1. Let us paly now, shall we ?
2. Let`s start wirking, will you ?

IV 
1. There is not rain, is there?
2. Somebody was calling you, weren`t ?
Exercise :- Question tag


1. Vikas looks handsome,.......................................?
2. You are not ready, .......................................?
3. I am sure to win,.......................................?
4. My brother con`t aome,.......................................?
5. we never Fight,.......................................?
6. The workers hard,.......................................?
7. Animals live in the jungle,.......................................?
8. Tiger looks fearful,.......................................?
9. They will be here soon, .......................................?
10. I am not unlucky,.......................................?
11. There are many trees,.......................................?
12. Your house has a beautiful colour, .......................................?
13. Let us work here, .......................................?
14. Let him study.......................................?
15. Don`t come here........................................?
16. Take care of you health,.......................................?
17. He made me tried, .......................................?
18. The singer don` sing.......................................?
19. I love my India,.......................................?
20. Heena came to you,.......................................?

14
Change of voice 
 

I worte a letter
A letter was written 
Active
 
We can speak english.
Passive
 En
glish can be spoken 
 
 


Action voice passive
voice

voice


Action Voice Passive Voice
 

1. 2.
(V)
3.(S)
3. (o) 5.


     
 
A :voice
A.v S + V1 + o  
 o + am, is, are, + v3 + (by+s)

1. You play cricket


cricket is played (by you)



2. 
Action Voice :- S + V2+ 0
Passive voice :- O + was, were + V3 + ( by + S)
 Action Voice :- I saw many people. 
     
 
Passive Voice :- Many people were seen (by me)




3. 
Action Voice :- S + shall/will + V 1 + 0
Passive Voice :- O + Shall/will + be + V3 + (by + s)

A.v. They will play carram.


carram will be played (by
them)


4. 
Action voice :- S + am, is are = v-ing + o
Passive Voice :- O + am, is, are, + being + V3+ (by+s)

They are writing essays.


Essays are being written. (by them) 
   
 


4. 
Action voice :- S + was, were + v-ing + o
Passive Voice :- O + was, were + being + V3+ (by+s)

Action voice :- They wre eating apple. 

   
 
Passive Voice :- Apples were eating by them.



5. 
 Action voice :- S + Shall will + be = v-ing + o
Passive Voice :- -

6. 
Action voice :- S + have/has + v3 + o
Passive Voice :- O + have, has + been + V3+ (by+s)

Action voice :- She has watched T.V. 

     T.V.

Passive Voice :- T.V. has been watched by her.

T.V.

7. 
Action voice :- S + had + v3 + o
Passive Voice :- O + had been + V3+ (by+s)

Action voice :- Kiran had written letters.


 Passive Voice :- Letters had been written by Kiran




 
Action voice :- S + Shall/Will + V3 + o
Passive Voice :- O + shall/will+have been + V3 + (by+s)
Action voice :- She will have eaten mangoes .


Passive Voice :- Mangoes will have been eaten (by her)
   
 



  Passive voice


voice

Can could would

should, may, might
must, have to + be + v3
had to, is to

1. I can speak english.


- English can be spoken (by me)



2. They could eat food. 

- Food could be eaten (by them)



Voice

Active voice : Do/Does + S + V1 + o + ?
Passive voice : Am/It/Are + O + V 3 + (by +S )+ ?

Active voice : Does he open the door ?


Passive voice : What the door opened (by him) ?



Wh - 

Active voice : What do you eat everyday ?


Passive voice : What is eaten everyday by you? 
 
 

 
Active voice : Did + S + V1 + o + ?
Passive voice : was / were + O + V 3 + (by +S )+ ?

Why did Sachin play cricket


Why was cricket played (by Schin) 
   
 


 
Active voice : Shall / Will + S + V1 + o + ?
Passive voice : Shall / Will + O + be + (v3+ by +S )+ ?
Active voice : Shall I play cricket ?

Will cricket be played (by me) 
   
 


Who write a letter ? 

By whom will aletter be written



  
Active voice : Am/Is/ Are + S + v- ing + o + ?
Passive voice : Am/Is/ Are + O + being + V3 + (by+ S)+ ? 

Active voice : Are you drinking coffee ? 
   
 
- Is coffee being drunk by you? 
   
 


How are they writing papers ?

- How are papers being written (by them)




   

Active voice :- Has /Have + S + V- ing + O + ?

Passive Voice :- Has / Have + O + being +V3+ (by +s) + ?

Active voice :- Was she reading a story -book

Was a story book being read by her ?






Active voice :- Has /Have + S + V3+ O + ?

Passive Voice :- Has / Have + O + been +V3+ (by +s) + ?

Active Voice :- Have I eaten a mango

?
    Has a mango been eaten (by me)




where have they played cricket ?


 where has cricket been play (by them) ?
 
 


   
 
Active voice :- Shall/ Will + S + have + V3+ O + ?
Passive Voice :- Shall / Will + O+have been +V3+ (by +s) + ?

Active voice :- Will you have written a letter ? 
  
 
Passive Voice :- Will a letter have been played by you ?
 



 Why will they have docorated their house ?




Why will their housed been decorated (by them) ?




   

Active voice :- Had + S + V3+ O + ?

Passive Voice :- Had + O + been +V3+ (by +s) + ?

Active voice :- Had I watched T.V. ? T.V.


Had T.V. been watched by me ?
T.V.


Active voice :- What had you done ?


What had been done (by you)?




C: voice

Active voice :- V+O

Passive Voice :- Let + O + be + V3

1. Learn this lesson carefully.



 Let this lesson be learnt careful.

2. Don`t watch T.V. continuously.

let T.V. not be watched continuously.

3. Let me play carram

Let cattam be played (by me)

4. Let us enjoy this life.

Let this life be enjoyed (by us)

5. Wait outside
You are told to wait outside.

6. Please help me.

You are requested to help me.

7. Don`t go there.
You are warned not to go there

Active voice Passive Voice

1.
 

2.
 

 

3.
 

 



4
 

 
  
1 eat/ate/will eat - is eatten/was eaten/ will be eaten
2. is eating/was eating - is being eaten/ was being eaten
3. has eaten/had eaten. - has been eaten /had been eaten
had eaten will have been eaten.
4. has been eating /had been eating
will have been eating

Play -

1.  
 


2. 
 

 

3.  
 

   
 
4.   
 
 
 

1. play/played/will played - is played/was played/
will be played

2. playing/was/playing will- is being played/was being

be playing played

3. has played/had played/ - has been played/had been played

will have played /will have been played.

4. has been playing/had been ---

playing will have been playing
 Can

Active voice Passive voice

1. can eat/could eat/should - can be eaten/could be eaten
eat should be eaten

2. may eat/might eat/ - may be eaten/might be eaten

must eat must be eaten

3. can have eaten could - can have been eaten/ could have
have eat/ should have been eaten/ should have been
eaten eaten

4. may have eaten/ might - may have been eaten/ might have
have eaten/ must have been eaten/ must have been eaten.
eaten

15
Infinitive 

 English Infinitive


Infinitive




Infinitive  to + v1


to go
 

 to write -



1. I like. 
2. I like to come 
3. He wanted to buy a car


4. They have come to learn
english.

5. Father asked me to take rest.


6. You must learn to spea.


 
 Exercise :- Infinitive


1. to sing 1. ........................... 2. ...........................
3. ........................... 4. ...........................
2. to drink 1. ........................... 2. ...........................
3. ........................... 4. ...........................

3. to work 1. ........................... 2. ...........................

3. ........................... 4. ...........................

4. to sit 1. ........................... 2. ...........................

3. ........................... 4. ...........................

5. to learn 1. ........................... 2. ...........................

3. ........................... 4. ...........................

6. to take 1. ........................... 2. ...........................

3. ........................... 4. ...........................

7. to play 1. ........................... 2. ...........................

3. ........................... 4. ...........................

Exercise - 2 : Translate into Marathi

1. I worked to earn money

........................................
2. He came to help me ........................................
3. I am happy to welcome you ........................................
4. You are afrain to live here
........................................

B.
Infinitive

am/ is / are/ to/ v1 
1. I am to go. 
2. She is to write. 

was/ were + to + v1 

1. She was to read. 

2. They were to play.

have to / has to + V1 ..........

..........
..........
I have to work
..........
   
 





had to + V1


 
 

 
 

They had to work


  
 

  
 


Shall have to / will have to V1



 


 


You will have to come 

  
 
  
 


A: am, is are + going to v1




1. She is going to read 

2. They are going to play 
3. I am going to teach. 

B: Was, were + going to + V1




1. He was going to learn.


2. They were going work.

3. Hira was going to sing.


C: am, is,are + about to + v1




1. He is about to write

2. I am about to sleep.

3. It is about to rain.

4. She is about to try
  
   
 

D: Was were + about to + V1


1. He was about to come.


2. They were about to live.


wh - + to + V 1

how to write 

where to go 
why to eat 
when play 
what to eat. 

1) Where   
When 
Why to play 
What 
How 
A: 1. She me ........................................
2. Don`t tell me ........................................
3. Tell him ........................................
4. I know ........................................
B: 1. Show me how to open the door. 

 

2. Tell her why to work.



3. Don`t tell me what to do



4. Don`t teach me how to speak




C :
1. I have bands to work.


2. You have eyes to see.


3. We have friend to play.


4. She had a car to travell.


5. They have books to read.



D:
 1. Books are to read .


2. Hands are to work.


3. Houses are to live.


4. Benches are to sit

5. Teeth are to eat

6. Pens are to write.


 A: Used to + V 1......  
    
 


1. He used to play  
2. They used to work.

 3. I used to sing 
 
 B : am, is, are + used .........









1. He started to work


2. They stopped to Sing.

3. I stared to sing.

4. It is easy to work.

5. It was difficult wait.
 
6. It is good to help other.


7. It is bad to cheat other.



Exercise - 1: Translate into Marathi

1. You like to eat non-veg. .................................................

2. I liked to play with him. .................................................
3. He wants to listen radi. .................................................
4. I am coming to work. .................................................
5. I am going to work. .................................................
6. They will start to study. .................................................
7. You are to write. .................................................
8. He is to lay. .................................................
9. Mother has to cook. .................................................
10. You have to help me. .................................................
11. The boys will have to study. .................................................
12. You had to eat. .................................................
13. come to play. .................................................
14. Don`t live to eat. .................................................
15. Eat to live. .................................................
16. Write to get marks. .................................................
17. Go to work. .................................................
18. Don`t tell Ram whyen to come..................................................
19. Tell us how to sing. .................................................
20. Ask her why study. .................................................
21. I know when to start working. .................................................
22. He knew whta to do. .................................................
23. It is good to go for morning walk..................................................
24. It was easy to earn money. .................................................
25. Its nice to watch the nature. .................................................
26. He was about to die. .................................................
27. She is about to leave for pune. .................................................
28. Food is to eat. .................................................
29. Water is to drink. .................................................
30. We have water to drink. .................................................
31. Money is to spend.() .................................................
32. He was no money to buy book .................................................
33. She no time to eat. .................................................
34. I have many friend to help. .................................................
35. Father had a car to go to office. .................................................

Exercise - 2 : Translate into english.

1.  
 


2. 



3.  
 


4.


 


5.


 


6.




7.


 


8. 
 


9. 
 


10.


 


11.  
 


12. 
 


13. 
 


14.  
 


15. 
 


16. 
 


17.  
 


18. 
 


19.  
 


20.


 




B: Participle

Verb + ing

Coming, going, writing, singing, eating, giving

1. Walking is the best exercise.



2. I like reading.

3. He saw dancing girls.


4. I want playing cards.

5. Who is smoking.

Exercise - 1 : Translate into marathi.
1. Telling lies is a bad habit. ............................................
2. Swimming is a exercise. ............................................
3. We know runing water. ............................................
4. They are singing. ............................................
5. who don`t like watching T.V. ?............................................?

   
A: Pronoun + helping verb.

I`m = I am am not = arn’t

I`ll = I shall or I will are not = aren’t
I`ve = I have is not = isn’t
I`d = I Should/would/had was not = wasn’t
we`re = we are were not = weren’t
we`ll = we shall/will do not = don’t
we`d = we would/had does not = doesn`t
You`re = You are did not = didn’t
You`ll = You will have not = haven`t
You`re = You have has not = hasn’t
You`d = You would / had had not = hadn’t
He’s = He is / has will not = won`t
He’ll = He will shall not = shan`t
He’d = He would / had should not = shouldn’t
She’s = She is would not = woulden’t
She’ll= She will can not = can’t
She’d = would/ had must not = mustn`t
It’s = It is / has need not = needn`t
It’ll = It will dare not = daren`t
It’d = I would / had
They’re = They are
They’ll = They will
They’d = They would / had
They’re = They have

B: Helping verd + n`t

aren`t = are not

 16

Direct & Indirect speech 


A: Direct Speech


Direct Speech

 Kalpan said ,`` I have to brother ``


 


Indirect Speech

 Kalpan Said that she had two brother. 
 


 (A) 
 (B)


Direct Indirect Direct Indirect

today that day I he, she

tomorrow the next day me gim, her
jesterday the day before my his, her
Tonight that night we they
tonight then us then
now then our their
this that You he, she, they
these those Your his, her, their
lastnight the previousnight You him, her, them
next week the following week
thus so
ago before

Direct Indirect
 Simple present Simple Past Tense
Simple past Past Perfect
Present Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
can would
shall should, would
will would
may might
is was
do, does did
did had
was had been
Reported
verb

Reported verb

pr
overbs



A : Indirect
Speech

1. He said to me, “I will help you.”

- He told me that he would help me.

2. “We have seen this circus”, Jivan said.

- Jivan said that they had seen that circus.

3. “I know you are cheating me, Sunil,” said Anil.

- Anil told Sunil that he knew (that) he was cheating him.

4. Rekha said to Mohan, “I am your sister and you are my brother.”

- Rekha told Mohan that she was his sister and he was her brother.

5. I said, “I am a master of my luck.”

- I said that I was a master of my luck.

Reported
II. verb




1. He says, “I have many friends to play.”

- He says that he has many friends to play.

2. She will say, “ We are going.”

- She will say that they are going.

Proverb
III.

(Universal thruth)



1. He said to me, “The earth is round.”

- He told me that the earth is round.

2. The teacher said, “A rolling stone gathers no moss.”

- The teacher said that a rolling stone gather’s no moss.

B : (Yes / No )
Indirect Speech.

said to  asked questioned

Said



if
wheather





1. He said to his friend, “ Are you playing with us?”

- He asked his friend if he was playing with them.

2. Father said to Monika, “ Have you seen my pen?”

- Father asked Monika if she had seen her pen.
3. “Did they play with you, Sonal?” said mother.
- Mother asked Sonal if they had played with her.

Wh - 

Yes / No


if
wheather Wh -



1. He said, “Where is my pen?”

- He asked where his pen was.

2. She said to me, “Why will you sell your old house?”
- She asked me why I would sell my old hose.

3. The teacher said to the students, “Why have you not completed your
home work?”
- The teacher asked the students why they had not completed their home
work.

C : Indirect Speech.

said told

told, ordered, commanded, advised, reminded, warned, requested,
begged, proposed, suggested

 
to 
Don’t
n
ot to 

1. He said, “Opened the door.”

- He told to open the door.
2. She said “Don`t go there
- She told not to go there.
3. “Let`s sell the house” he said.
- He suggested thet they should sell the house.

4. The king said”Arrest him”

- The king ordered to arrest him.

Requested
Please

1. They said “Please show us these books.
- They requested to show them those book.

D:  Indirect Speech.

Said exclaimed 


that 
 




1. The man siad “How easy it is !”

- The man exclamed that it was very easy.

2. How brave you are ! he said told me.

- He told me that I was very brave .

3. She said “Alas! the poor man is dead !”

- She exclamed with griet that the poor man. was dead.

4. “What a surprise !” I said.

- I exclaimed that it was a great surprise.

Exercise :- Change into indirect speech.

1. I said, “He is right.”
- _______________________________
2. They said, “We will play here.”
- _______________________________
3. Father said, “The sun rises in the East.”
- _______________________________
4. Leena said to her father, “I have seen you.”
- _______________________________
5. “Can I sit here?” he said.
- _______________________________
6. “Have I played?” she said.
- _______________________________
7. “Where is you father?” the teacher said to me.
- _______________________________
8. He said, “Why did they quarrel?”
- _______________________________
9. “How easy it is !” she said.
- _______________________________
10. “What a good news it is !” he said.
- _______________________________
11. She said, “Open the door.”
- _______________________________
12. “Don’t wait here,” he said.
- _______________________________
13. “Alas! She is admitted again,” he said.
- _______________________________
14. “ I haven’t told you about my career,” he said to the man.
- _______________________________
15. Mother said, “Where are going now, Govind?”
- _______________________________


Punctuation Marks. 
 




   
  
1. Full point -  .
2. Comma -  ,
3. Semicolon -  ;
4. Colon -  :
5. Question mark -  ?
6. Double inverted commas -
 “”
7. Single inverted commas -
 ‘’
8. Apostrophe -  ’
9. Hyphen -  -
10. Capital letter -  A

1. Full point
A. 1.


i) I will come.
ii) Don’t come here.

B.


More B.M., Mane S.D., Kulkarni V. N.
Mr. Mokase, Mrs. Sanap, Shri. Kale K.D.
Dr. Sudhakar Sathe.

2. Comma  (,)




1. I will eat, play, enjoy and help my mother.
2. Satara, Kolhapur, Miraj, Surat and Pune are big cities.

B. Indirect Speech 

He said, “I want to help you.”

C.  Komal, come here.

What are you doing, boys?

D. As If
soon as / Unless


1. As soon as he came, he started laughing.

2. If you don’t work, nobody will give you money.
3. Unless you run fast, you can’t get bus.
E. Question tag 
It is true, isn’t it?

F.


Dear father, Yours faithfully,

3. Question Mark = 

Question tag

i. How are you ? ii. Have you time to read?
iii. She had not come, had she?

4. Semicolon =  (;)

Coordinate Clause 
Don’t touch it; otherwise I will kick you out.

5. Apostrophe (’)

a. Can’t, don’t, haven’t, won’t.
b. I’ll, He’d, That’s, It’s.
c. The Boys’ Hostel, the girl’s dress.
d. There are two e’s in ‘week’.

6. The Hyphen - 


brother-in-law, father-in-law, one-fourth, birth-day, home-work.

7. Double inverted commas (“ ”)

Direct Speech 
I said, “We are happy here.”

8. Single inverted commas.



‘Service to man is service to God.’

9. Exclamatory mark. (!)

 
How small it is ! What a surprise !
Hurrah ! we won the match.

10. Capital letter.


Capital 
1.
See this pen. Please, talk loudly.
I2. Capital
 (I am a boy, aren’t I?)
3.

Capital 
Mohan, Kunal, Satara, Gujarat, Himalaya, The Ganga, America
4.


May, Sunday, Easter, M.A., K.D. Sathe, The Prime Minister.

Exercise : Use punctuation marks and capital letter in the following

sentences.
1. how sorry he is i said. ___________________________
2. you dont play here she said. ___________________________
3. i said dont sit here. ___________________________
4. Who will help you ___________________________
5. How are you ___________________________
6. is lata your sister ___________________________

Exercise - 2



1. I pen your want. ___________________________

2. the baby why is crying ? ___________________________
3. this car red isn’t? ___________________________
4. good are for our healt fruits. ___________________________
5. is person that is retired. ___________________________
6. fresh fruits I everyday eat. ___________________________
7. living are they happy life here. _________________________
8. beautiful is their hous very. ___________________________
9. seen him I haven’t many days. since. _____________________
10. in the jungle live wild animals. __________________________
11. you eat will what today? _________________________
12. sweet child is your how ! _________________________
13. by bus come will they. ___________________________
14. name is your what ? ___________________________
15. good is to help it the poor. ___________________________
16. lazy is son son my very. ___________________________
17. health is good for milk. ___________________________
18. legs for table a table has. ___________________________
19. before should come you sunrise. _________________________
20. wake up I early morning is don’t? ________________________

18
Degree -

A. Positive Degree - as ................ as / so ........... as

He is as tall as his brother.


Very few people are as rich as Mr. Sanap.
 

No other city is as big as Mumbai.




Positive Camparative
Degree. 

P.P. 1. He is not so rich as his brother.

- His brother is richer than he.

2. Pune is more developed than Satara.

- Satara is not as developed as Pune.

3. The Ganga is longer than the krushna.

- The krushna is not as long as the Ganga.
B: Completive - er ....... than / more than

He is faster than any other boy.



Superlative Degree.
the - est the most

1. Mumbai is the biggest city in Maharashtra.

-


2. The ganga is the longest river in India.


3. Mohit is one the fallest boys in our class.



P.D. as.............as so.............as
happy, small,tall, good 
 

CD  than


 happier than, stronger than, easir than

er

more 
more intelligent, more beatiful, more handsome 

One of the S.D. P.D.

1. No other

2.


3. as ..........as


S.D. Bheema was the strongest man.

P.D. - No other man was as strong as Bheema

2. Elephant is biggest animal in the jungle.

- No other animals in the jungle is as big as elephant.

3. She is the most beautiful girl in our college

- No other girl in our college is as beatiful as she.

B. One of the S.D. C.D.


 

 er / more .............. than any
other

 

S.D. - 1. He is the fattest man in our village.
C.D. : He is father than any other man is our village.
2. She was the most beautiful lady in this area.
C.D. - She was more beautiful than any other lady in this area.
3. The cage is the worst place for the birds and animals.
C.D. - The cage is worse than any other place for the birds and animals.

One of the S.D. P.D.

1. Very Few
One of the





Was  were, is
 are, does  do, has have 
as ............. as


S.D. 1. He is one of the happiest men in our company.

P.D. - Very few men in our village are as happy as he.
2. Rose is one of the most beautiful flowers.
P.D. Very few flowers are as beautiful as rose.
3. Mr. Ambani was one of the richest citizens of the world.
P.D. Very few citizens of the world were as rich as Mr. Ambani.

One of the S.D.  C.D.

1.

One of the

2. ........ er/ mor ..........
than many / most other 
 

 

1. He is one of the most important persons in this city.
C.D. He is more important than many other persons in this city.
2. The Ganga is one of the longest rivers in the world.
The Ganga is longer than many other rivers in the world.

Exercise - 1 (A) Change the degree.

1. He was not as fast as my friend.

_________________________________
2. A mango tree is an important as coconut tree.
_________________________________
3. An apple is as sweet as a mango.
_________________________________
4. Shekhar runs as fast as Mohit.
_________________________________
5. The tortoise is not as fast as the hare.
_________________________________

B)
1. India is bigger than Nepal.
P.D. _________________________________
2. Shivaji was braver than his enemies.
P.D. _________________________________
3. You are not more powerful than your friend.
P.D. _________________________________
4. The butterfly is more delicate than the flower.
P.D. _________________________________
5. It is better than that.
P.D. _________________________________

C)
1. Shahajan was one of the greatest men of India.
P.D. _________________________________
C.D. _________________________________
2. It was one of the coldest places in India.
P.D. _________________________________
C.D. _________________________________
3. I am one of the luckiest students.
P.D. _________________________________
C.D. _________________________________
4. My mother is the most lovable lady.
P.D. _________________________________
C.D. _________________________________
5. Sohan is the best player in our team.
P.D. _________________________________
C.D. _________________________________
6. Dr. Rathi in the most famous person in our city.
P.D. _________________________________
C.D. _________________________________

D)
1. You are not as powerful as Tilesh.
_________________________________
2. Dr. Jeevan is more brilliant than Dr. Sohani.
_________________________________
3. Tiger is one of the most fearful animals.
_________________________________
4. Sanin is the best player.
_________________________________
5. Milk is the most important thing for our health.
 _________________________________


A. Proverbs 

1. As you saw, so shall you reap.

2. Better late than never.


 
3. Actions speak louder than words.

4. All gitters is not gold.

5. Blood is thicker than water.


 
6. Beggers can’t be choosers.


7. Birds of a feather. 
8. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.

9. Barking dongs seldom bite.

10. Cut your coat according to your cloth.

11. The child is father of the man.

12. Charity begins at home.


13. Honesty is the best policy.


14. It is no use crying over spilt milk.


 
15. It takes two to make a quarrel.


16. Let sleeping dogs lie.

17. Experience is the best teacher.

18. Easy come easy go.


19. Health is wealth. 
20. Like father, like son. 
21. Might is right. 
22. Make hay while the sun shines.

23. Money doesn’t grow on trees.

24. Nothing succeeds like
success.

25. Necessity is the mother of invention.

26. No pains, no gains.

27. A burnt child dreads the fire.


28. Prevention is better than cure.

29. Rome wasn’t built in a day.


30. A stitch in time saves nine.


     
31. Slow and steady wins the race.


32. Shallow water makes much noise.

33. There is no rose without a thorn.

34. To err is human.


35. Too many cooks spoil the broth.


36. Tit for tat. 
37. Time and tide wait for none.


38. Where there is fire, there is smoke.

39. Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.



40. Union is strength. 
41. Where there is a will, there is a way.

42. Well begun is half done.


43. The wearer knows where the shoe pinches.

45. You scratch my back and I will scratch yours.



B. Use of Articles
(A, An The)

A. The Indefinite Articles 

a an  one



1. Article ‘A’ :-

‘a’

a ball, a man, a house, a tiger
2.



‘a’

a unity a one eyed-man, a university, a ewe
B. 1.

‘a
n’ 
an egg, an organge, an apple, an ink-pot, an umbrella.
2.



‘an’ 
an hour, an honest boy, an S.S.C., a M.A.
an M.P. an M.L.A.

A An 
 

1.

 a doctor, a teacher, a farmer ...............
2.

A dog is a faithful animal.
A man is selfish animal.
3.


a kilo, a dozen, a couple, ......
4. a cold, a fever, a
cough, a headache
5. What
-


What a beautiful flower ! What a great man !

1. boys, girls,
houses, pens .......
2.

news, furniture, luggage, hair
3. iron,
gold, silver, glass, soil, milk, water
tea, coffee, stone, wood,
4. happiness,
fear, hope, sorrow, grodness, ..........
5.

English, Maths, Hindi, Marathi,
Physics.
6.

breakfast, meals, lunch, dinner,
supper.
7.

Ram, Satara, India, Jivan.
8.

 by bus, by air, by bicycle, by boat, by
sea.

C : Article ‘The’ (The Definite Article)

1. This is a man. This is the man who has many ears.

That is a girl. That is the girl who has got man prizes.
2.


 He is a boy. The boy is very clever.
3.


thesky, the earth, the moon, the sun, the equator
4. Superlative Degree 
the fastest, the talles, the most beautiful, the longest
5. Ajective


the poor (the poor people), the rich (the rich people)
6. - the first, the
last, the next, the third ....
7.

the Ramayana, the Geeta,
the Iliad, the Odyssey .........
8.


the Patils, (whole Patil family) the Kates, the Kulkarnis .......
9.
t
he Indians, The English, the Americans, .
10.


The Bank of India, The Bank of Maharashtra, the Himsagar Express,
The Gitanjali Express.
11. 
the President, the Prime Minister, the Headmaster, the Principal.
12.



the Taj Mahal, the Central Library, the Kutub Minar ......



 













 What - How -  How many
- 
 When - 
Who - How much -

 Where -Whom -  How far -

 Why -  Whose - How long -

 Which -
Exercise - 1Translate into Marathi.
1. What -
1. What is your name? ............................................... ?
2. What is your father? ............................................... ?
3. What is the colour of your bag ? ...................................... ?
4. What is this chair for ? ...................................... ?
5. What is the price of this pen? ...................................... ?
6. What is the distance between Kolhapur and Pune?
...................................... ?
7. What is good to eat? ...................................... ?
8. What is mean by Anna? ...................................... ?
9. What do you play? ...................................... ?
10. What does he play? ...................................... ?
11. What did they do ? ...................................... ?
12. What she write ? ...................................... ?
13. What is the name of your village? ...................................... ?
14. What are they eating ? ...................................... ?
15. What can you read ? ...................................... ?
16. What will she buy ? ...................................... ?
17. What have you seen in this house ? ...................................... ?
18. What must she do? ...................................... ?
19. What do you want ? ...................................... ?
20. What do you want to eat ? ...................................... ?
21. What do you want ? tea or coffee ? ...................................... ?

Where - 

1. Where is Rakesh ? ...................................... ?

2. Where are your books ? ...................................... ?
3. Where do you live ? ...................................... ?
4. Where did they play ? ...................................... ?
5. Where will he sit ? ...................................... ?
6. Where do wild animals live ? ...................................... ?
7. Where are you from ? ...................................... ?
8. Where are the stars? ...................................... ?
9. Where were you yesteday? ...................................... ?
10. Where are you going tomorrow ? ...................................... ?
11. Where should I go ? ...................................... ?
12. Where will the build there house ? ...................................... ?
13. Where does Kiran work ? ...................................... ?
14. Where am I now? ...................................... ?
15. Where was your father ? ...................................... ?

When - 
1. When do you get up ? ...................................... ?
2. When do you sleep ? ...................................... ?
3. When do you go to office ? ...................................... ?
4. When did you sleep last night ? ...................................... ?
5. When did you eat yesterday ? ...................................... ?
6. When will she come ? ...................................... ?
7. When are you buying a new car ? ...................................... ?
8. When do you get angry ? ...................................... ?
9. When do you laugh ? ...................................... ?
10. When have you come ? ...................................... ?
11. When do you take tea ? ...................................... ?
12. When do you watch T.V. ? ...................................... ?
13. When do you help your mother ? ...................................... ?
14. When do you take your breakfast ? ...................................... ?
15. When will it rain ? ...................................... ?
16. When is Diwali? ...................................... ?
17. When can you come to me ? ...................................... ?
18. When could they go ? ...................................... ?
19. When will they play ? ...................................... ?
20. When shall we leave ? ...................................... ?

Why - 
1. Why do you eat ? ...................................... ?
2. Why do you work ? ...................................... ?
3. Why do you come here ? ...................................... ?
4. Why did they cry ? ...................................... ?
5. Why did they play ? ...................................... ?
6. Why will you go there ? ...................................... ?
7. Why are they fighting ? ...................................... ?
8. Why does he read ? ...................................... ?
9. Why have you come ? ...................................... ?
10. Why are you running ? ...................................... ?
11. Why do they jump ? ...................................... ?
12. Why do we watch T.V. ? ...................................... ?
13. Why are they going to Mahabaleshwar ? ................................ ?
How - 
1. How are you ? ...................................... ?
2. How do you come here ? ...................................... ?
3. How do you go to office? ...................................... ?
4. How do you eat ? ...................................... ?
5. How did they play ? ...................................... ?
6. How did he come ? ...................................... ?
7. How did they come ? ...................................... ?
8. How do you know my name ? ...................................... ?
9. How did you find my number ? ...................................... ?
10. How can I help you ? ...................................... ?
11. How will you get money ? ...................................... ?
12. How should I work ? ...................................... ?
13. How are your brothers ? ...................................... ?
14. How will she be there ? ...................................... ?
15. How does Sachin play ? ...................................... ?

How much 

(How much + Uncountable noun + ?)
1. How much water is there in the river? ................................... ?
2. How much Sugar is in this bag? ...................................... ?
3. How much time will it take to rech Mumbai?
...................................... ?
4. How much money do you want ? ...................................... ?
5. How much oil is in the can ? ...................................... ?
(How far - )
1. How far is Puna from here ? ...................................... ?
2. How far is your house from here ? ...................................... ?
3. How far is your office ? ...................................... ?
(How long - 
1. How long are you away from your house?
...................................... ?
2. How long did they wait for us ? ...................................... ?
3. How long did he play ? ...................................... ?
(Who - 
1. Who is there in that room ? ...................................... ?
2. Who do you want to see ? ...................................... ?
3. Who came ? ...................................... ?
4. Who is crying ? ...................................... ?
5. Who helped you ? ...................................... ?
6. Who wrote the Ramayana ? ...................................... ?
7. Who is the head of your family ? ...................................... ?
8. Who is the C.M. of Maharashtra? ...................................... ?
9. Who do you love much ? ...................................... ?
10. Who is your favourite hero ? ...................................... ?
11. Who was with you yesterday ? ...................................... ?
12. Who are you going with to Mumbai? ...................................... ?
13. Who will help you ? ...................................... ?
14. Who has come ? ...................................... ?
15. Who is singing ? ...................................... ?

(Whose - 
1. Whose pen is this ? ...................................... ?
2. Whose name is Rahul ? ...................................... ?
3. Whose brother is Hocky player ? ...................................... ?
4. Whose name is in the list ? ...................................... ?
5. Whose book is this ? ...................................... ?
6. Whose friend are you of ? ...................................... ?
7. Whose house is green ? ...................................... ?
8. Whose this a book ? ...................................... ?
9. Whose dress is red ? ...................................... ?
10. Whose father is an officer ? ...................................... ?
(Which -


1. Which colour do you like ? ...................................... ?
2. Which is the biggest city in India ? ...................................... ?
3. Which pen do you want red or blue ? ...................................... ?
4. Which animal can run fast ? ...................................... ?
5. Which animals live in water ? ...................................... ?
6. In which class do you study ? ...................................... ?
7. In which city do you live? ...................................... ?
8. Which is beautiful picture ? ...................................... ?
9. Which is the most beautiful flower ? ...................................... ?
10. Which is your mother tongue ? ...................................... ?
11. Which language is international ? ...................................... ?
(Whom - 
1. Whom do you want to help ? ...................................... ?
2. Whom did you give your book ? ...................................... ?
3. Whom does he help everyday ? ...................................... ?
4. Whom should I ask now ? ...................................... ?


1. I love reading.
What do I love ?
2. We play cricket.
What do we play ?
3. They will come by bus.
How will they come ?
4. She speaks loudly.
How does she speak?
5. They came On Sunday.
When did they come?
6. My brother is a doctor.
Who is a doctor ?
7. You are a clerk.
What are you?
8. The boy are playing in thr garder.
Where are the boys playing?
9. She worked for money.
Why did she work for ?
10. They are in the classroom.
 Where are they?
11. Your father is rich.
Whose father is rich?
12. My pen is red.
Whose pen is red ?
13. I will buy a book.
What will I buy ?
14. They have built this building.
Which building have they built?
15. I know your father.
Whom do I know ?
16. Mr. Jadhav’s son is an officer.
Who is an officer?

Exercise - 1
Wh

1. Your mother is kind.
...................................... ?
2. I wrote two letters to him.
...................................... ?
3. She helped me ?
...................................... ?
4. They come by train.
...................................... ?
5. I bought a car.
...................................... ?
6. You learnt English.
...................................... ?
7. The sky is blue.
...................................... ?
8. The table is green.
...................................... ?
9. We eat to live.
...................................... ?
10. Their school is new.
...................................... ?
11. The cost of this pen is ten rupees.
...................................... ?
12. Kiran is brave.
...................................... ?
13. I will go to Pune.
...................................... ?
14. You write letters.
...................................... ?
15. Apple are red.
...................................... ?


Auxiliary verbs -
I. Can - I (ability) - 
1. I can run fast.

2. He can speak any language.


II. Possibility - 
1. He can be in the library.

2. He can pass.


III. Permission -

1. Can I go ? 
2. Can I sit here ? 

IV. Prohibitation - 

1. You can’t smoke here.


2. You can’t sit here.


2. Could -
I. Could  can


1. He could come in time.

2. She could not write.


II.


1. Could you open the door, please ?

2. Could you do this for me?


III.


1. What could be in this box ?

IV. In an indirect speech - 
1. Jaya said that she could help her mother.


V. Could have + V3


1. He could have passed.

2. You could have reached in time ?



3. Shall -
I.


1. I shall play. 
2. We shall go. 
II. Expressing Promise - 
1. You shall go there.

2. You shall not do this.



4. Should -
Shall Should

I. Duty



1. You should help your parents.


2. They should work hard.


II. Should have + V3



1. He should have studied hard.


2. She should not come here.



5. Will
I  We
Shall
will

I.
 
1. He will come here. 
2. They will go. 
II. I Wewill
promise

1. I will help
you.
2. We will win. 

III. 
1. Will you open the door?

2. Will you stop speaking?


6. Would - 
I. Will 
1. He would play.
2. They would speak.
II.
 

1. I would like to welcome you. 


2. He would come here. 
III. Indirect Speech. 
1. She said that she would not go. 


IV. 
1. Would you help me, please ?

2. Would you open the door, please ?



V. 
1. What would you eat ?, an apple or a mango?

2. Who he would be, Karim or Rohit?

VI.


1. They would play here.

2. I would go by bicycle when I was a student.
 


7. May
I. Permission


1. May I go ? 
2. May I help you ?

3. You May go now. (You can go now.)


II. Possibility -

1. It may rain today.

2. He may not be at home.

III.


1. God may bless you.

IV. Purpose 
1. He works that he may earn money.



8. Might
I. Less (May
possibility -

1. It might rain today.

2. He might pass this year.



II. Indirect speech 

1. Father said that he might not go to office.



III. Might have + V3



1. They might have gone. 

9. Must
I. Necessity / Obligation.

1. You must do this.

2. He must pay his bill.


II. Must have + V3


1. He must have passed.

2. They must have won the match.


10. Need
I. Main verb


1. I need money.

2. This room needs cleaning.


3. You need not come here.


II. need not + have + V3



1. He need not have come here.


2. You need not have go there.



11. Ought to
I. Duty -


1. You ought to obay your parents.


 
2. He ought to work hard.


12. Dare
1. How dare you come here?


2. I dare you ask question.



Exercise :- Translate into Marathi.

1. We must go there. .....................................
2. They must not trouble him. .....................................
3. It may rain today. .....................................
4. It may not rain. .....................................
5. They may not win this time. .....................................
6. I will help you. .....................................
7. We will come to you. .....................................
8. You should help us. .....................................
9. Can I use your pen? .....................................
10. You can use my books. .....................................
11. You can’t play here. .....................................
12. They could not go. .....................................
13. he might be in the garden. .....................................
14. Raj will not read. .....................................
15. He would sit here everyday. .....................................
16. They would study for six hours during their exams.
17. You ought to help her. .....................................
18. They need not go there. .....................................
19. You can’t smoke here. .....................................
20. What should I do now ? .....................................
21. When should I come ? .....................................
22. They should study regularly. .....................................
23. She needs some money. .....................................
24. Our body needs food everyday. .....................................
25. I need not use your house. .....................................

Exercise - 2 . Translate into English.

1. 
.....................................
2.

.....................................
3.
...................
..................
4.
.........
............................
5.

 .....................................
6.

 .....................................
7.

.....................................
8.
.........................
............
9.

.....................................
10.

.....................................
11.

.....................................

Exercise - 3Auxiliary verb + V3

1.
.....
................................
2. 
.....................................
3.

 .....................................
4. 
 .....................................
5. 
.....................................
6. 
.....................................
7.

...................................
8. 
.....................................
9.

 .....................................
10.

 .....................................

Exercise - 4Translate in Marathi.

1. They could have come. .....................................
2. I need not have helped you. .....................................
3. You must not have gone there. .....................................
4. Who should have come ? .....................................?
5. The boys would have played. .....................................
‘Let’
1. Let me go. 
2. Let us go. 
3. Let him go. 
4. Let her go. 
5. Let it go. 
6. Let Hari go. 
7. Let them go. 
8. Let the children go. 

Exercise - 1Translate into Marathi.

1. Let me write. .....................................
2. Let him speak. .....................................
3. Let her sing. .....................................
4. Let them eat. .....................................
5. Let us play. .....................................
6. Let us study. .....................................
7. Let us not quarrel. .....................................
8. Let the children not play there. .....................................
9. Let me try. .....................................
10. Let them try. .....................................

Exercise - 2Translate into English.

1.  .....................................
2.
.................................
....
3. .....................................
4.
..................
...................
5. .....................................

Make
A. Make - 
1. Carpenters make chairs.

2. Mother makes tea.

3. She makes chappati.

B. Make .. 
1. He makes me lough. 
2. They made us cry.

3. We made him stand.

4. I will make him cry. 
5. Mother is making baby sleep.


Get
A. 1. I am getting tired.

2. You are getting marry.

3. They got hungry.

4. She got angry. 
5. We are getting bore.


6. It is getting dark.

B. 1. I have got a car. 
2. You had got many pens.

3. They will have got much money.


4. I have got time. 

C. Get + + V3

1. Get your room cleaned.

2. Get this chair repaired.

3. Get this book covered.

4. Get that pen on the table.


D. 1. I have got my hair cut.



2. She had got her room cleaned.



E. 1. I got my book return.


2. You got money easily.


‘Be’ - 
Be + adjective.
1. Be ready. 
2. Be positive.
3. Be here in right time.

4. Don’t be sad. 
5. Don’t be late. 
6. Be sure. 
Want - 

1. I want your help.


2. They want water. 
3. We want rest.

4. I don’t want this pen.

5. They don’t want your help.





Clauses
I - Noun Clause - 
Study the following sentences.
A : 
A : 1. What you say is totally wrong.



2. Whatever is in your pocket is yours.



3. How the sunshines is a sicret thing.



B : 
1. I know that you are clever.


2. It is said that Ravana was a demon.


3. Do you know when he will come here?


C: Object of Preposition

1. Aren’t you a scheme of what you did ?


2. We can’t believe in what you say.


3. Pay attention to what I say.


D : The complement to a verb.

1. The truth is that he is mad.
 

2. Life is what we make it.


E: In Apposition to a Noun or Pronoun.
1. The new that he is alive is not true.


2. It is not good that your insulted her.


3. It is good that they came early.


Exercise - 1 Translate into Marathi.

1. What is on your tongue is not in your heart.

........................................................................
2. Tell us where we should go.
........................................................................
3. No one known how he came here.
........................................................................
4. Do what I say.
........................................................................
5. I know that you are happy here.
........................................................................

Exercise - 2 (Complete the following sentenced by adding Noun clauses)

1. I think that .........................................................
2. She doesn’t know that .........................................................
3. Do you know who ......................................................... ?
4. Tell me why ......................................................... ?
5. I am sorry that .........................................................
6. I can’t tell when .........................................................
7. ......................................................... is not true.
8. ......................................................... is really good.
9. It is sait that .........................................................
10. He is ashamed of .........................................................
B. The Adjective clause
who, whom, whose, which, that, where 
1. A person who teaches is called a teach.


2. The place where we live is called a house.


3. This is the village where I was born.


4. The lady who is in red sary is my sister.


5. The girl whose father is dead is very poor.


6. The pen which is in your pocket is not yours.


7. The day when he came here was 26th January.


8. I love those who love me.


9. The moment which is lost is lost for every.


10. The man whose legs are cut is very rich.


Exercise 3 : Translate into Marathi.
1. The villages which are on the bank of river have no water
problem.
........................................................................................
2. The man who posses () much wealth is never
happy.
........................................................................................
3. The dog whose tail () is cut runs very fast.
........................................................................................
4. The house where Gandhi was born is in Gujarat.
........................................................................................
5. God helps those who help themselves.
........................................................................................
6. The people who live in glass house should not throw stones at
others houses.
........................................................................................
7. The story that I told you is true.
........................................................................................
8. The earth on which we live is very beautiful.
........................................................................................
9. I have seen the house where Nehru was born.
........................................................................................
10. The language which we are learning is international.
........................................................................................

Exercise 4 : Complete the following sentence with suitable Adjective

Clauses.
1. This is the house. .......................................................
2. I remember the day ...............................................
3. I know the man ...............................................
4. These ............................................... will be successful.
5. The lady ............................................... is very rich.

C : Adverb Clause -
I - Adverb Clause of Time - 
(when, whenever, since, before, after, till, untill, as soon as, while)
1. As soon as he came, we welcomed him.


2. Wait till I come back.


3. I saw her when she was very young.


4. They came when I was studying.


5. When they came, I was watching T.V.
 

6. Wash your hands before you eat.

II. Adver Clause of place
(where, wherever)
1. You can go where you want.


2. Seeta followed wherever Rama went.


III. Adver clause of Reason.
(because, as, since, that, for)
1. She will not come today because she is ill.


2. As he has no money, he can’t purchase this book.



3. I am happy that you helped me.


4. I will not help you for you never follow my advice.



IV. Adverb Clause of purpose. 
(that, so that, lest, in order that)
1. Ganghiji died that India might live.


2. We work hard in order that we should earn money.


3. He ran fast so that he could get the bus.


V. Adverb Clause of Condition : 
(if, whether, unless, provided that)
1. If you work hard, you will pass.


2. Unless they played well, they would not win.


3. I will not help you whether you request or not.



VI. Adverb Clause of Result 

(So...... that, such ........ that)
1. He ran so fast that he started punting.
 


2. You are speaking so fast that we don’t understand anything.



3. They made such a noise that I could not understand anything.


VII. Adverb Clause of Manner. 
(as if, as though, as)
1. As you sow, so shall you reap.

2. He behaves as if he were king.


VIII. Adverb Clause of contrast. 
(though, although, even if)
1. Though he is rich, he is not happy.


2. Although he studied hard, he failed.


3. Even if I have no money, I will purchase that book.
 


IX. Adverb Clause of Comparison 
(as, than)
1. He is richer than his friend. (is)


2. You are not so tall as your brother.


Exercise - 5 Translate into Marathi.
1. If you come to me, I would help you.
......................................................................
2. Unless it rained, we would get water to drink.
......................................................................
3. Though this city is near river, we don’t get sufficient water to
drink.
......................................................................
4. He is so busy that he doesn’t get time to eat.
......................................................................
5. He ran so fast that he could get the bus easily.
......................................................................
6. I am helping you because your sincere.
......................................................................
7. When the sun set we went home.
......................................................................
8. As your are guilty (), you will be punished.
......................................................................
9. As soon as he came, we welcomed him.
......................................................................
10. Come when you are free.
......................................................................