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The steps to be followed in the design of rectangular beam can be summarized as follows.
Supposed the design bending moment is M, beam section is b x d, concrete strength is fck and
steel strength is fyk, to determine the area of reinforcement, proceed as follows
The following procedure can be use for determining vertical shear reinforcement.
2. Determine the concrete strut capacity for cot = 1.0 and cot = 2.5
( = 22° and = 45° respectively)
4. If 𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 cot = 2.5, use cot = 2.5, and calculate the shear reinforcement as
follows
Where shear forces are small the concrete section on its own may have sufficient shear capacity
(𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ) to resist the ultimate shear force ( 𝑉𝐸𝑑) resulting from the worst combination of actions
on the structure, although in most cases a nominal or minimum amount on shear reinforcement
will usually be provided. The concrete sections that do not require shear reinforcement are
mainly lightly loaded floor slab and pad footing. In those sections where 𝑉𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑉𝑅𝑑, then no
calculated shear reinforcement is required.
The shear capacity of the concrete, 𝑉𝑅𝑑, in such situations is given by an empirical expression :
Where:
𝑉𝑅𝑑, = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 shear reinforcement
As1 = the area of tensile reinforcement that extends beyond the section being considered by at
The equations to calculate the basic span-effective depth ratios, to control deflection to a
maximum of span/250 are given in EC2as;
i. For flange section where the ratio of the flange width to the web width exceeds 3, the
values should be multiplied by 0.8.
ii. For beam and slabs, other than flat slab, with spans exceeding 7 m, which support
partitions liable to be damaged by excessive deflection, the values should be multiplied
by 7/span.
iii. Where more tension reinforcement is provided ( 𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣) than that calculated
This chapter covers the analysis and design of concrete beams to EC2. A procedure for carrying
out the detailed design of beams is shown in Table 5.1 and Figure 5.1. This assumes that the
beam dimensions have previously been determined during conceptual design.
The effective span of a simply supported beam is defined in EC2: Section 5.3.2.2. This should be taken as
L = Ln + a1 + a2
Where;
Ln = clear distance between the faces of the supports
a1, a2 = min {0.5h; 0.5t}, where h is the overall depth of the beam and t is the width of
the supporting element.
Effective spans for different support conditions are given in Figure 5.3.
Cantilever