12/25/2017 CONSTANTS AND CALCULATIONS - Textile Spinning

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CONSTANTS AND CALCULATIONS

FIBRE FINENESS, YARN COUNTS AND CONVERSIONS:

Micronaire value(cotton) :

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The unit is micrograms per inch. The average weight of one inch length of fibre, expressed in
micrograms(0.000001 gram).

Denier(man-made fibres): Weight in grams per 9000 meters of fibre.

Micron:(wool): Fineness is expressed as fibre diameter in microns(0.001mm)

Conversions:

Denier = 0.354 x Micronaire value

Micronaire value = 2.824 x Denier

YARN COUNTS:

It is broadly classified into 1. DIRECT and 2.INDIRECT system.

DIRECT SYSTEM:

English count (Ne)

French count(Nf)

Metric count(Nm)

Worsted count

Metric system: Metric count(Nm) indicates the number of 1 kilometer(1000 meter) lengths per Kg.

Nm = length in Km / weight in kg (or)

Nm = length meter / weight in grams

INDIRECT SYSTEM:

Tex count

Denier

CONVERSION TABLE FOR YARN COUNTS:

tex Ne den Nm grains/yd

tex den/9 1000/Nm gr.yd x 70.86
Ne 590.54/tex 5314.9/den Nm x .5905 8.33 / gr/yd
den tex x 9 9000/Nm gr/yd x 637.7
Nm 1000/tex 9000/den 14.1 / gr/yd
grains/yd tex / 70.86 den / 637.7 14.1/Nm

Where, Nm - metric count, Nec - cottoncount

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CONVERSION TABLE FOR WEIGHTS:

ounce grains grams kilograms pounds

ounce 437.5 grains 28.350 grams
grains 0.03527 ounces 0.0648 grams
grams 0.03527 grains 15.432 grains 0.001 kgs
2.2046
kilograms 35.274 ounces 15432 grains 1000 grams
pounds
pounds 16.0 ounces 7000 grains 453.59 grams 0.4536 kgs

CONVERSION TABLE FOR LINEAR MEASURES:

yard feet inches centimeter meter

0.9144
yard 3 feet 36 inches 91.44 cms
meter
0.3048
feet 0.3333 yards 12 inches 30.48 cms
meter
0.254
inches 0.0278 yards 0.0833 feet 2.54 cms
meter
centimeter 0.0109 yards 0.0328 feet 0.3937 inches 0.01meter
meter 1.0936 yards 3.281 feet 39.37 inches 100 cms

CALCULATIONS:

grams per meter = 0.5905 / Ne

grams per yard = 0.54 / Ne
tex = den x .11 = 1000/Nm = Mic/25.4
Ne = Nm/1.693
DRAFT = (feed weight in g/m) / (delivery weight in g/m)
DRAFT = Tex (feed) / Tex(delivery)
DRAFT = delivery roll surface speed / feed roll surface speed
No of hanks delivered by m/c = (Length delivered in m/min) / 1.605

CARDING:

(1). P =( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)

P - production in kgs / hr

L - delivery speed in m/min

effy- efficiency

Ne - English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound)

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840 - constant

2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms

(2).production in kgs / hr = (L x Ktex x 60 x effy) / ( 1000)

L - delivery speed in m/min

Ktex- sliver count in Ktex (kilotex)

effy - efficiency

1000- to convert to kilograms from grams

(3). production in kgs / 8 hrs = (0.2836 x L x effy) / (Ne)

L - delivery speed in m/min

effy - efficiency

Ne - English count

(4).prodn / 8 hrs = (Hank x Nd) /( Ne x 2.2045)

Hank = no of hank (840 yards)delivered by the machine

Nd = no of deliveries

Ne = hank of the material

(4).Total draft in card = (feed weight in g/m) / (sliver weight in g/m)

DRAWFRAME:

(1.)Break draft = surface speed of 2nd roller / surface speed of back roller

(2).Main draft = surface speed of 1st roller / surface speed of 2nd( middle) roller

(3).Total draft = surface speed of delivery roller / surface of feed roller

(4).production in kgs / 8 hrs = (0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)

L - delivery speed in m/min

effy - efficiency

Ne - english count

Nd - No of delvieries

(5.).prodn in kgs / hr = (FRD x FRrpm x 3.14 x 60 x effy x Nd) / (Ne x 840 x 36 x 2.2045)

FRD - front roller dia in inches

FRrpm - front roller rpm

effy - efficiency
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Ne - Sliver hank

Nd - number of deliveries

SPEEDFRAME + RINGFRAME

(1).Twist / Inch (TPI) = Spindle speed / FRS

FRS - front roller surface speed in inches/min

(2).FRS = FRrpm x 3.14 x FRD

FRS - Front roller surface speed

FRD - front roller diameter

(3).T.P.I = T.M. x sqrt(count or hank)

T.M. - Twist multiplier

sqrt - square root

(4).prodn in kgs / 8 hrs = (7.2 x SS x effy) / (TPI x Ne x 1000)

SS - spindle speed

(5).Spindle speed = m/min x TPI x 39.37

(6).hank delivered = spindle speed / ( tpi x 62.89)

(7).Ring traveller speed in m/sec =( spindle speed x ring dia in mm x 3.14) / (60 x 1000)

WINDING:

(1). production in kgs / 8 hrs = (0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)

L - delivery speed in m/min

effy - efficiency

Ne - english count

Nd - No of delvieries

(2). P =( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)

P - production in kgs / hr

L - delivery speed in m/min

effy- efficiency

Ne - English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound)

840 - constant
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2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms

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