Mineral Name Indicator Temperature pH Environment Comment Trace

Cinnibar Alkali chloride Precipitate trace or heavy metal from alkali chloride water (Hg, Hg, S
water Sb, As, Mn, Pb, Ba, Au)

Realgar Alkali chloride Precipitate trace or heavy metal from alkali chloride water (Hg, As, S
water Sb, As, Mn, Pb, Ba, Au)

Stibnite Alkali chloride Precipitate trace or heavy metal from alkali chloride water (Hg, Sb, S
water Sb, As, Mn, Pb, Ba, Au)

Asenopyrite Alkali chloride Precipitate trace or heavy metal from alkali chloride water (Hg, Fe, As, S
water Sb, As, Mn, Pb, Ba, Au)
Alkali chloride Precipitate trace or heavy metal from alkali chloride water (Hg,
Orpiment water Sb, As, Mn, Pb, Ba, Au) As, S

Barite Alkali chloride Precipitate trace or heavy metal from alkali chloride water (Hg, Ba
water Sb, As, Mn, Pb, Ba, Au)

Anhydrite Fluid Acid sulphate Sulphate minerals

composition environment
Fluid Acid sulphate
Alunite composition <3 environment Sulphate minerals

Fluid acid Acid sulphate

Jarosite composition conditi environment Sulphate minerals
on

Kaolinite < 120 2-3 Acid sulphate Kaolin group, like a book page texture
environment

Dikite Acid sulphate Kaolin group

environment

Halloysite Acid sulphate Kaolin group

environment

Fluid Carbonate Formed travertine deposit, common in fields where reservoir

Calcite composition, spring / CO2 rich rocks include CO2 rich minerals,
Permeability water Indicate high permeability as fracture infill
Carbonate
Aragonite spring / CO2 rich Formed travertine deposit
water
Garnet Temperature > 320 Salton sea
Amphibole Temperature > 280
Epidote Temperature > 250 In Reyjkavik, El Salvador, Phillipines are relict mineral (T= 100)
Prehnite Temperature > 220
Wairakite Temperature > 210 Include in zeolite group
Illite Temperature > 220
Temperature, Swelling clay, at T = 150 forms illite-smectite interlayer,
Monmorillonite 70 - 200 7 CO2 rich water
Hydrology Heating of descending groundwater
Smectite Temperature 70 - 200 7 Swelling clay, at T = 150 forms illite-smectite interlayer
Illite Temperature > 220 5-6
Chlorite Temperature < 150 (inconclusive)
Fluid
Wollastonite composition Indicate no scaling

Fluid Near neutral Included in zeolite group

Mordenite composition, < 120 water, probably
meteoric water Heating of descending ground water
Hydrology origin
Fluid Included in zeolite group. From magmatic water or gas filled
Analcime composition origin
Fluid
Siderite composition CO2 rich water
Pyrrohotite Permeability Poor permeability, but hot
Andesine Permeability Low permeability, feldspar group
Albite Permeability Low permeability, feldspar group
Permeability, Low permeability, feldspar group,
Adularia
Hydrology If found in vein, indicate boiling
Permeability, High permeability in vein or fracture infill
Quartz
Hydrology If abundant indicate boiling
Clinoptolite Hydrology Heating of descending groundwater
Platy / bladed calcite Hydrology Indicate boiling