Verband der

5
Automobilindustrie

Quality Management in
the Automotive Industry

Capability of Measurement Processes

Capability of Measuring Systems
Capability of Measurement Processes
Expanded Measurement Uncertainty
Conformity Assessment

Figures

nd
2 completely revised edition 2010, updated July 2011

1
 L specification phase
measurement uncertainty UMP
U (construction)

Chapter 3.2 - Figure 1 - Page 22

non-conformance conformance zone non-conformance
increasing

zone zone

verification
uncertainty uncertainty phase
range range (production)

work piece tolerance

outside the within the tolerance outside the
tolerance tolerance

Figure 1: Uncertainty ranges and conformance or non-conformance zones

3
4

Evaluation
Man Object Environment
Method
Material Mathemat. Pressure

Chapter 4.1 - Figure 5 - Page 26

models Voltage
Motivation
Qualification Elect ricity
Shape Measurement Temperature
value composition
Illumination
Physical
constitution Computer Humidit y
Discipline Surface Vibrations
applicat ion
Psychical Statistical Soiling
constitution Accessibility
Care method
Measurement
Sensibility
Result
contact-free Calibration/ Surf ace
Measuring range justification Stability texture
tactile touch Time/cost random measurement Type of master
deviations Shape

Measuring points Stability Location Shape/Position

not recorded bias
layout
Capacity
Measuring Position Measurement stability
Setting uncertainty
points total Resolution

Measurement Gage Mounting

Master
Procedure Fixture

Figure 5: Important influences on the uncertainty of measurement results

 Chapter 4.7 - Figure 7 - Page 41

Figure 7: Flow chart for assessing the capability of measurement processes

5
6

Q MP 50% 40% 30%

4,00

Chapter 4.10 - Figure 9 - Page 46

3,80
3,60
3,40
3,20
3,00
2,80
2,60
20%
real C value 2,40
2,20
10%
2,00
1,80
1,72
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
0,80
0,60
0,40
0,20
0,00
0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,10 1,20 1,30 1,40 1,50 1,60 1,70 1,80 1,90 2,00
1,33 1,67
observed C value

Figure 9: Display of the real C-value as a function of the observed C-value subject to QMP
 Chapter 5.2 - Figure 10 - Page 51

Measurement System Capability

no Use measurement system with a

%RE 5%TOL
sufficiently high resolution

yes

yes
MPE known
and accepted?

no

no yes
Linearity uLIN
known?

Prepare trial Prepare trial document MPE

minimum 3 reference standards, 1, 2, or 3 reference standards,

repeat measurements repeat measurements

 UCALi  UCALi 
uCAL = max   uCAL = max  
 2   2 

{ }
from ANOVA:
uEVR = max sgi
uEVR (pure error deviation)

from ANOVA:  Bi 
uBi = max  i 
uLin (lack-of-fit deviation)  3

uMS see table 12

2 ⋅ UMS 2 ⋅ UMS
UMS = k ⋅ uMS QMS = ⋅ 100% TOLMIN -UMS = ⋅ 100%
TOL QMS _ max

Measurement system yes no Measurement system

QMS QMS_max not capable
capable

Figure 10: Measuring system capability analysis

7
 Chapter 5.2.2.2 - Figure 15 - Page 62

Figure 15: Diagram of an analysis of variance

8
 Chapter 5.2.2.2 - Figure 16 - Page 63

a.)

b.) c.)

Figure 16: a.) Value chart of the residuals

b.) Residuals plotted on a probability plot
c.) Residuals plotted on fitted values

9
 Chapter 5.3 - Figure 19 - Page 66

Measurement Process Capability

Measurement no Measurement system not

system capable? capable

yes

Determination of uncertainty components

not considered in the experiment
Method B: i.e. uOBJ, uT

Determination of uncertainty components

considered in the experiment
Method A: uEVO, uAV, uGV, uIAi from ANOVA
uSTAB (possibly uOBJ)

2
uMP = uCAL
2 2
{
+ max uEVO 2
, uEVR 2
, uRE }
+ uBI2 + uLI2 N
+u AV
2
+ uGV
2
+ uSTAB
2
+ uT2 + uOBJ
2
+ ∑ uIAi
2
+ uRES
2
T

UMP = k ⋅ uMP 2 ⋅ UMP 2 ⋅ UMP

QMP = ⋅ 100% TOLMIN -UMP = ⋅ 100%
TOL QMP _ max

no Measurement process not

QMP QMP_max
capable

yes

Measurement process capable

Figure 19: Measurement process capability analysis

10
 Chapter 9.3.1 - Figure 23 - Page 91
Figure 23: Value chart plotting all reference values and the calculated uncertainty range
11
 Annex B - Figure 24 - Page 98

Figure 24: Determining the standard uncertainty from temperature uT

12
Annex E - Figure - Page 108

display

real

ideal y = x

0 measured value

13
 Annex E - Figure - Page 109

display

real

ideal y = x

2. reinforcement
set gradient

1. set zero point

0 measured value

14
Annex E - Figure - Page 109

display

real

ideal y = x

0 L U measured value

15
 Annex F.1 - Figure - Page 111

16
Annex F.1 - Figure - Page 112

17
 Annex F.1 - Figure - Page 113

18
Annex F.2 - Figure - Page 116

19
 Annex F.4 - Figure - Page 125

20
Annex F.5 - Figure - Page 127
21
 Annex F.5 - Figure - Page 129

22
Annex F.5 - Figure - Page 130

23
 Annex F.6 - Figure - Page 134

24
Annex F.6 - Figure - Page 136

25
 Annex F.6 - Figure - Page 138

26
Annex F.6 - Figure - Page 141

27
28

Operator B
No. of
repetitions Result Result Result

Annex F.8 - Figure - Page 149

mixed
Result

Operator A Result
mixed
Result
 Operator B
No. of
repetitions Result Result Result

Annex F.8 - Figure - Page 150

mixed

Result

Operator A Result
mixed
Result
29
 Annex F.9 - Figure - Page 151

Unsorted test results

30
Annex F.9 - Figure - Page 152

Sorted test results

31
 Annex F.9 - Figure - Page 153
32