How to prepare

a huge model using well rules

(Advanced)

Trainings 2017

Rock Flow Dynamics

 Training description 2

Part 1. Building a historical model

• Load grid from existing data file
• Load and/or calculate grid properties
• Load the PVT properties
• Load well trajectories
• Load tables with events and history of wells

Part 2. Updating history

• Add new events and history. Well Rules
• Export a dynamic model

Part 3. Creating a forecast

• Load future events
• Create forecast controls. Well Rules

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 Part 1 3

Part 1.
Building a historical model
• Load grid from existing data file
• Load and/or calculate grid properties
• Load the PVT properties
• Load well trajectories
• Load tables with events and history of wells

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 New Project 4

1. tNavigator main window. Designer. New Project

2. Enter a Project name
3. Project will be created (.snp file)

New project window

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 Loading Grid 5
1. Right-click on Static model. Select Show Calculations. Import
2. Select the file Grid/grid.inc
3. Press Apply
4. Press Statistics & Information to check grid info (note the number of blocks)

Statistics &
Information
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 Loading Porosity 6

1. Leave the Calculations window open

2. Select Geometry objects. Initial. Porosity
3. In the Calculations window, click Import
4. Select the file Grid/poro.txt
5. Press Apply

Preview

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 Loading Permeability 7

1. Observe the imported property in 2D and/or 3D

2. Import the Permeability along X in a similar manner (use the file Grid/permx.txt)
3. Press Apply

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 Calculating Initial Properties 8
Creation of PERMY, PERMZ:
1. Leave the Calculations window open
2. In the main tree, switch to Permeability along Y
3. In Calculations, switch to Calculator. Leave the default formula: permx. Press Apply
4. Switch to Permeability along Z. Leave the default formula: permx * 0.1. Press Apply

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 Specifying Dead Oil Model 9
1. Close the Calculations window
2. Switch to Definitions
3. Under Fluid Properties, uncheck Gas (this affects the Fluid Properties tab, see later)

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 Loading Fluid Properties 10
1. Switch to Fluid Properties. model PVT. Right-click to open Calculations. Import. PVT Tables
2. Press Add Rows. Select the file Props/PVT.inc. Press Apply
3. Switch to model Rock, select Import. Rock Tables, import the same file again
4. Switch to model Relative Permeability, select Import. RP Tables, import Props/SWOF.inc
5. Switch to model Equilibrium, select Import. Equilibration Tables, import Props/Equil.inc
Alternatively, the fluid data might be calculated by correlations

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 Loading Wells Trajectories 11

1. Switch to Geometry Objects. Wells. Right-click to open Calculations. Import. Well Trajectories
2. Select format: Irap RMS
3. Click Add Rows, select the file Wells/welltracks_hist.txt
4. Uncheck Invert Z-Coordinates
5. Press Apply

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 Viewing Wells Trajectories
1. Press Settings. Wells. Make sure Show Wells is checked
2. Check Cut Trajectories By Depth (this is for better view only; no actual change is made)
3. Set Min. Depth = 2100m, Max. Depth = 2125 m
4. Press Use Well Filter. Rename the default filter to HistoricWells (note the number of wells)

Show visualization
settings
Use Well Filter

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 Creating an Aquifer
To create a Fetkovich aquifer on all sides of the model:
1. Switch to 2D view, click Edit Curves
2. Create a polygon encompassing the entire model. When prompted, save it
3. Select Aquifers, click Calculations
4. Select the created polygon in Polygon. Press Apply to create the aquifer with default settings

Calculations

Create
new Curve

Edit Curves

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 Editing Aquifer Settings
1. Right-click on the created aquifer and select Aquifer Settings
2. Observe the aquifer type: Fetkovich. Leave the default properties and close Aquifer Settings
3. Observe the created aquifer attached to all outer sides of the model

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 Loading Wells Production History
1. Switch to Wells Data. Well Production Tables. Well History
2. Press Import History - One Table button on the right panel. Add the file Wells/history.txt
3. Input data type: Well, Date, ORAT, WRAT, LRAT, Water injection
4. See preview, change column names if necessary. Press OK

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 Editing Wells Production History 16

1. Right-click on column headers

2. In Select Visible Columns, press Select non-empty columns, then scroll down and select WEF
(well efficiency factor)
3. Press OK
4. Left-click the WEF column header to select the column
5. In the bottom cell type 1. This will apply to all cells in the column

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 Loading Events 17

1. Switch to Wells Data. Well Structure Tables. Well Structure

2. Press Import Events – One Table button on the right panel. Add the file Wells/events.txt
3. Input data type: Well, Date, Event, Top, Bottom, Skin, Multiplier
4. See preview, change column names if necessary. Press OK

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 Creating Time Steps 18

1. Switch to the Rules tab

2. Press Add Steps From History and Event Tables
3. Select the first of the added dates
4. Press Add new rule and select Create Well Controls by the History Table

Add new rule

Add Steps From
History and
Event Tables
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 Creating Rules 19

1. Select Create Well Controls by the History Table

2. Make sure All Wells choice is selected. Make sure Wells Type is set to Detect By Rate (this
enables automatic switch from production to injection based on historical data)
3. Define the rule for Producers: Control Mode = Liquid Rate, BHP=50 (WCONHIST is created)
4. Switch to Water Injectors: Control Mode = Injection Rate, BHP=450 (WCONINJH is created)

For Producers:

For Water Injectors:

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 Viewing Schedule 20

1. Switch to Schedule tab, wait until it populates. Select All Operations

2. Press Use Well Filter on the right panel. Press Add Filter
3. Create a new filter: press Deselect All, then select manually Well-10131
4. See the rules related to this well as it turns from producer to injector
Hint: hover on Operation Parameters to see tooltips
Add Filter

Use Well Filter

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 Part 2 21

Part 2.
Updating history
• Update events and history with the new data for another year
• Create new rules for seamless transit to the new data
• Export a dynamic model

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 Adding New Wells Production history 22

1. Switch to Wells Data. Right-click on Well Production Tables. Create

2. Define name: WellHistory2017
3. Press Import History - One Table button on the right panel
4. Select table name: WellHistory2017 and change the file to Wells/history_update.txt
5. See preview, make sure the columns are assigned correctly. Press OK

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 Adding New Events 23

1. Right-click on Well Structure Tables. Create

2. Define name: WellEvents2017
3. Press Import History - One Table button on the right panel
4. Select table name: WellEvents2017 and the file: Wells/events_update.txt
5. See preview, make sure the columns are assigned correctly. Press OK

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 Including New Events in Global Rules 24

1. Switch to the Rules tab

2. Unfold Global Rules
3. Right-click the automatically created rule Input Well Structure… and press Duplicate
4. Select the created copy of the rule and change the Well Structure table to WellEvents2017

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 Adding New Rules 25

1. On the Rules tab, select the existing Create Historical Well Controls… rule and Duplicate it
2. Drag the copy to the last of the existing dates
3. Open the copy and change the table to WellHistory2017

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 Adding Time Steps, Viewing Rules 26

1. Press Add Steps From History and Event Tables in order to add time steps for the new events
2. Switch to the Schedule tab, wait until it populates
3. Make sure All Operations option is selected
4. Scroll all the way to the bottom and check the new events dated 2017

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 Calculating a Model: Two Approaches 27

There are two possible workflows: calculate in Designer GUI or in Simulator GUI
 Calculate the model in the Designer. In case of further updates, make the changes in the
Designer, close and reopen the dynamic model, and run the simulation again
 Export the model in the form of *.data and *.inc files, open it in the Simulator and run

Open Dynamic Model

Export Model
Run
Calculations

View Graphs, etc.

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 Creating Dynamic Model 28

1. Press Open Dynamic Model on the top panel to generate the hydrodynamic model
2. Switch to Geometry Objects. Dynamic Model
3. Observe the hydrodynamic properties: Initial, Calculated, Fluid-in-place

Open Dynamic Model

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 Exporting Model 29

1. Select Document. Export Model to save the model in tNavigator format (keywords
WELLTRACK, COMPDATMD)
2. Alternatively, select Document. Export Model in E100/E300 Format
3. Enter the file name for the model

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 Part 3 30

Part 3.
Creating a forecast
• Load future wells (trajectories, events)
• Create control rules for the existing wells based on the last recorded
pressure data
• Create groups
• Create control rules for the future wells based on the voidage
replacement (VREP)
• Create economic rules

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 Loading Future Wells Trajectories 31

1. Close the dynamic model

2. Switch to Geometry Objects. Wells. Right-click to open Calculations. Import. Well Trajectories
3. Uncheck Reload all so as not to overwrite the old wells, leave other options as before
4. Click Add Rows, select the file Wells/forecast_wells.txt containing ~2000 new wells.
5. Check Well Filter, type FutureWells to create a filter with these wells
6. Press Apply

Oil in Place

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 Loading Future Wells Production Data 32

1. Switch to Wells Data. Right-click on Well Production Tables. Create

2. Define name: Forecast
3. Press Import History - One Table button on the right panel
4. Select table name: Forecast and the file: Wells/forecast_prod.txt
5. See preview, make sure the columns are assigned correctly. Press OK

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 Fixing Errors in the Future Production Table 33

The imported table have inconsistent entries (WRAT defined for injectors). To fix them:
1. Right-click on column headers
2. In Select Visible Columns, press Select non-empty columns, then check also Liquid Rate
3. Using Shift + keys, select all cells of Water Rate in injector records (the lines with non-zero
Water Injection value) and set their value to 0 instead of 450
4. Select the producers (all remaining lines), set Liquid Rate to 700 (needed for controls)

Producers

Changed to 0
Injectors

Enter 700 here

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 Adding Forecast Events 34

1. To import the future well perforation events, right-click on Well Structure Tables. Create
2. Define name: ForecastEvents
3. Press Import History - One Table button on the right panel
4. Select table name: ForecastEvents and the file: Wells/events_forecast.txt
5. See preview, make sure the columns are assigned correctly. Press OK

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 Including Future Events in Global Rules 35

1. Switch to the Rules tab

2. Unfold Global Rules
3. Right-click any of the Input Well Structure… rules and press Duplicate
4. Select the created copy of the rule and change the Well Structure table to ForecastEvents

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 Creating Time Steps 36

Let’s create a forecast till 2035:

1. On the Rules tab, press Add Steps
2. In the Add Time Steps window, select Step Length = One Month
3. Press OK. Make sure the new time steps appeared in the schedule

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 Saving the Last Historical Pressure as a UDQ 37
1. Right-click on the last historical time step
2. Select Add new rule. User keywords
3. Press Add Keyword and select UDQ (user-defined quantity)
4. Optionally, switch to Table view to observe the hints on the meaning of keyword parameters
5. Type DEFINE 'WUPRESS' WBHP. This is to save the BHP values at the last historical time step
as a user-defined quantity for the later use in the forecast well control rules

Add Keyword
or

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 Setting up Forecast Rules for Existing Producers 38
1. Right-click on the first forecast time step
2. Select Add new rule. User keywords
3. Add the following keywords:
Keyword Parameters Meaning
ACTIONX 'PRODF' 1 30 / Run this action just once. For the producing wells with
WUPRESS > 0 AND / last recorded pressure > 0 and liquid rate > 0 do the
WLPR > 0 / following:
WCONPROD '?' OPEN BHP * * * 1000 * 'WUPRESS‘ / Specify the wells as open with control by bottom hole
pressure (upper limit for the liquid rate is 1000, lower
limit for the BHP is WUPRESS)
ENDACTIO End of action

Lines can be reordered by drag-and-drop

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 Setting up Forecast Rules for Existing Injectors 39
1. Right-click on the first forecast time step
2. Select Add new rule. User keywords
3. Add the following keywords:
Keyword Parameters Meaning
ACTIONX 'INJEF' 1 30 / Run this action just once. For the injecting wells
WUPRESS > 0 AND / with last recorded pressure > 0 and liquid rate > 0
WWIR > 0 / do the following:
WCONINJE '?' WATER OPEN GRUP 700 * 'WUPRESS‘ / Specify the wells as open with group control
(upper limit for the injection rate is 700, upper limit
for the BHP is WUPRESS)
ENDACTIO End of action
UDQ UPDATE 'WUPRESS' OFF / Stop updating WUPRESS

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 Creating Groups 40
1. Right-click on the first forecast time step
2. After the user keywords, add the new rule
3. Select Create Group Hierarchy
4. Press Load Hierarchy From File and import the file: Wells/groups.txt

Load Hierarchy From File

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 Creating Group Controls 41
1. Right-click on the first forecast time step
2. Add the new rule Group Injection Controls
3. Select Group = GROUP-1
4. Set Control Mode = VREP
5. Check Voidage Replacement Fraction (amount of injected water per group relative to produced
liquid), set it to 1.1 and Voidage Replacement Group to GROUP-1
6. Duplicate the rule 9 times and change the groups in the copies to GROUP-2, GROUP-3, etc.

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 Setting up Forecast Rules for Future Wells 42
1. Right-click on the first forecast time step
2. Add the new rule Create Forecast Well Controls By Table
3. Change the selected Well History table to Forecast
4. For Producers, set Control Mode = Liquid Rate, BHP=50 so that wells would close if BHP ≤ 50
5. For Water Injectors, set Control Mode = Group Control, BHP=450 so that injected amount would
be determined by the group controls created earlier, and wells would close if BHP ≥ 450

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 Setting up Economic Rules 43
1. Right-click on the first forecast time step
2. Add the new rule Economic Limits for Production Well
3. Set WORKOVER=WELL
4. Set the following limits: Minimum Oil Production Rate = 1, Maximum Water Cut = 95%
Upon reaching these limits, the production well will be shut.

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 Checking the Schedule 44

1. Go to the tab Schedule, wait until it populates

2. Make sure All Operations option is selected
3. Scroll down to the forecast dates (after 2017)
4. Check out the created operations (WELSPECS, COMPDATMD, and COMPORD for the new
wells, GCONINJE for groups, ACTIONX for transition actions, etc.)

The model is ready for export and/or calculation.

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 Running the Calculation 45

1. Run the calculation in one of the two ways:

 Calculate the model in the Designer
 Export the model, open it in the Simulator and run
2. As the calculation progresses, monitor it by graphs and maps

Designer

Simulator

End of Historic Data

Many wells shut due to economic limits
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Thank you for your attention!

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