AN ASSIGNMENT ON ANIMAL SCIENCE

(TERMINOLOGIES)
(Date:-2071-01-11 to 2071-01-16)

Submitted by:- Submitted to:-

Bibek Dhital Mr. Rajan Dhakal
Bijay Sapkota
Bharat Basnet
Binay Gurung
Band:-A group of goats
Barrow:- Castrated pig
Billy:-Male goat
Bitch:- Female dog
Calving:- Act of parturition in cattle
Capon:- A male chicken with removed testis
Colt:- Immature male horse
Farrowing:- Act of parturition in pig
Foaling:-Act of parturition in horse
Polled:- Having no horn
Geld:- Castrate
Stud:- A unit of selected animal selected for breeding
Whelp:- To give birth by a female dog
Hinny:- Offspring of a jenny and a stallion
Tom:-Male turkey
Ram:- Male sheep
Lambing:- Act of parturition in sheep
Mutton:-Meet from sheep over 1 year of age
Fleece:- The wool of sheep
Prolific:- Ability to produce multiple offspring
Ear notch:- Process of tagging pig
Colostrums:-The first milk after the birth of the baby
Estrus:- The period when female is in heat
Libido:- Sexual desire
Dystopia:-Difficult birth
Spaying:- The removal of ovaries from female
Acclimatization:- Adaptation of an animal in an environmentl factor over a period of time
Homoeothermic:-Animal that maintain temperature with the surrounding(changes with
the surrounding)
Clone:- An individual grown from a single somatic cell and genetically identical
Pullet:- Immature female chicken
Broodmare:- A female horse used for breeding purpose
Wether:- A castrated male sheep or goat
Agro-silvo-postoral:- Land use system in which woody perennials are grown with
agricultural crops, forage, livestock
Alternate stocking:- Lhe repeated resting and grazing of forest
Animal unit:- Considered to be one mature cow(1000lb, 455kg) either dry or with a calf
up to 6 months of age
Animal unit day:- The amount of dry forage consumed by one animal unit per day
Bod:- Mongolian livestock unit ( 1 bod is equal to 1 cattle or yak or 7 sheep)
Carrying capacity:- The no of livestock that a certain area can hold
Complementary forage:-Sshort term forage planted to enhance the management
Deferment:- Delay for livestock grazing for plant growth
Forage unit:- Mass of dry forage per unit area
Sire:- The male parent of the calf
Dam:- The female parent of the calf
Bullock:- Castrated male cattle
Gestation:- The condition in which fetus is inside the uterus
Parturition:- Giving birth to young ones
Herd average:- The average milk production of animals in a day
Abattoir:-A slaughter house
ADF:- Acid detergent fiber- fiber (lignin and cellulose) extracted from a feed stuff using a
chemical technique employing an acidic detergent. Used to evaluate forage quality
Acidosis:- Increase in acidity of blood as a result of metabolism
Ad libitum:-Term used to reflect the availability of a feed in a tree
Afterbirth:- the fetal membrane that attaches the fetus to the membrane of the pregnant
female which are normally expelled from the female within 3 to 6 hr after parturition
Agalactia:- Failure to secret milk following parturition
Amnion:-The innermost fetal membrane
Anorexia:- Lack of appetite
Apoenzyme:- The protein portion of a enzyme
Ataxia:- Failure of muscle coordination
Autopsy:- Postmortem
Backfat:- A term used in swine production that refers to the amount of fat deposition
along the back of animal of either sex
Barrel:- The part of animal body between rare and front leg
Barrow:- A swine castrated before maturity
Bleating:-The noise made by goats esp female at estrus
Blind quarter:- A non functional mammary gland
Bloat:-A disorder of ruminants characterized by the accumulation of gas in the rumen
Bolus:-A masticated morsel of food ready to swallow
Chelating agent:-An organic compound that can bind cations by forming a stable, inert
complex that is soluble in water
Coenzyme:-A substance usually non-protein and of low molecular weight that is necessary
for the action of enzyme
Coprophagy:- The ingestion of own faeces as in rabbit
Cotyledon:- An area where the membranes of the fetus and the uterine lining are in close
contact such that the nutrient can pass to and waste can pass from the circulation of the
developing young
Creep:- An area only accessible to calves but not for adults
Culling:- The process of eliminating non productive animals
Crytochildism:- In the male, where testis are retained in the body rather than descend
into the scrotum. Results in infertility.
Denttion:- Dental pattern in various animal.
Dicoumarl:- A chemical compound found in spoiled sweat cover. It has anticoagulant and
can cause hemorrhage when consumed by cattle.
Docking:- Removal of tail
Domesticate:- To bring wild animal under control and to improve it through careful
selection
Dressing percentage:- Carcass weight/Live weight
Drying off:- The act of causing a cow to cease lactation in preparation for her next
lactation
Dry period:- Non lactation days between lactation
Dysgenesis:- The defect of breeding in which hybrids don’t produce offspring with
themselves but can mate with any of the parental family
Dual purpose animal:- For meat and milk.eg buffalo in nepali context
Ear notching:-A notch or series of notches made in the ear of animals for the purpose of
identification
Enteritis:-Any inflammatory condition of the intestinal lining
Ergot:- A fungus toxic in nature
Eructating:-The act of casting up gas from the stomach by mouth
FAO: Food and agriculture organization
Ham:- The rare quarter of pig
Fistula:- A permanent opening made in the body wall of an animal through which there is
communication between the animals interior and external environment
Impregnate:- To make pregnant
Heterosis:- The increased stimulus for growth
Flushing:- The practice of feeding the female animals especially well ,just previous to the
breeding season in order to stimulate their reproductive organs and activity
In Vitro:- Within artificial environment
In vivo:- Within the living body
Lactation period:- The period of producing milk
Lethal characters:- Presence of hereditary factors in the germ plasma that produce an
effect so serious as to cause the death of the individual either at birth or later in life
Lignin:- A polymer of phenolic substances impregnating the cellulose frame work of certain
plant cell wall resulting poor digestibility of cellulose. Lignin is essentially indigestible.
Limiting amino acid:- The essential amino acid of protein that shows the greatest
percentage deficit in comparison with the amino acids contains contained in the same
quantity of another protein selected as a standard.
Lipid:- Any of a group of biologically important substance that are insoluble in water and
soluble in fat solvents such as ether , chloroform, and benzene.
Loose housing:- A housing system for cattle whereby animals are free to move from
inside to outside and feeding area to resting area.
Mammary veins:- Blood veins visible on the underside of the cow and extending forward
from the fore udder
Marbling:- Fat deposition on the lean tissue in meat
Mastectomy:-Removal of mammary gland
Milk letdown:- The squeezing of milk out of the udder tissue into the gland and teat
cisterns
Mohair:- The wool of angora goats. It is in great demand for clothing
Monogastric:-Having only one stomach i.e. non ruminants
Parous:- The term representing females who has already given birth
Pashmina:- The undercoat of cashmere goats
Pasture:- Grassland used for animals to graze
Pens:- Small area enclosed in which animals are used to keep separately
Pork:-Meet from swine
Pheromone: - A substance secreted externally by certain animal species to affect sexual behavior
of the species
Puberty:- The stage in life where reproductive organs starts to be functional or the secondary
sexual characters appears
Purebred:- Any animal that traces back through all its line to the foundation stock of the breed it
represents.
Regurgitate:- To cast up undigested feed from the stomach to the mouth as done by ruminants
Repeatability:- The tendency of animal to repeat its performance in certain time interval. Eg
lactation.
Retained placenta:- Placental membrane not expelled at parturition
Selection index:-Used during the breeding selection for the selection of best parents
Serum therapy:- The treatment of clinical cases of diseases with serum of immunized animals
Sire index:- A figure that is indicative of the transmitting ability of a sire. In dairy cattle it
expresses in terms of milk or components
Slop feeding:- A system of feeding animals especially pigs that involves mixing dry feed
with the fluid
Springer:-A term commonly associated with female cattle showing signs of advanced pregnancy
Staple length:- The length of cut hair of goat or sheep
Steer:- A male bovine castrated before puberty
Stillborn:- Dead at birth
Stover:- Fodder. Mature cured stalks with removed seeds. Eg straw
Supernumerary tits:- Extra tits(more than 4) in bovine.
Tassel:- Cartilaginous growth at the base of the throat in some goats and sheep
Tethering:- A way of controlling movement of animals by use of ropes
Uremia:- A toxic accumulation of urinary constituent in blood
Zero grazing:- A system of livestock feeding in which fodder is taken to the animals but not grazing
them