Soc. 427 Soc.

Analysis of Race, Ethnicity, and Society

Ceylan Tokluolu
Phone: 210 59 88
e-mail: ctoklu@metu.edu.tr

The Objectives of the course:

The course examines the formation and dynamics of ethnic groups in the contemporary world.
It surveys major topics, theoretical definitions/debates and approaches in the field of race and
ethnicity. Moreover, it also examines social and ethnic relations as part of larger social
systems by emphasizing the relationship between ethnicity on the one hand and nations, state,
class, minority groups, gender, power, and politics on the other.

The aim of the course is to provide academic background, conceptual clarity, and guidance to
the students around the key concepts of race and ethnicity. Classical studies on nationalism
and state-formation emphasize territoriality, clearly delimited boundaries, and a homogenous
population with a focus on universalism, inclusion, civility, modern tolerance, transnational
integration and civic nationhood. The increasing emphasis on particularity, exclusion,
violence, ancient hatreds, and national disintegration (stemming mainly from the post-
communist east Europe and the former Soviet Union and the increasing number of immigrants
in Europe) constitutes a challenge to the analytical gains of the mainstream literature on
nationalism. In this context ethnic group formation, ethnic integration and ethnic conflict
appear among the defining phenomena of the modern era. While one understanding in the
field of race and ethnicity emphasizes membership in definite groups (similarity), the other
emphasizes cultural differentiation (difference); both aiming to explain and understand human
diversity through the processes of social identification and interaction. Ethnic integration and
ethnic conflict can be divided into several sub-categories, such as assimilation, melting pot or
cultural pluralism (multiculturalism) on the one hand and discrimination, ethnic cleansing or
genocide on the other. Since ethnic groups can (and often do) generate various forms of
conflict, ethnicity appears as one of the most controversial topics in the literature. Most
theoretical approaches to understanding racial and ethnic identification or racial and ethnic
relations remain inconclusive. Thus, it is important to emphasize a broader understanding of
the concept of ethnicity as a social phenomenon. Ethnicity also has political, historical,
economic, and religious dimensions none of which can be ignored. In this context,
conceptions like the return of the repressed or elite manipulation need to be critically
reconsidered in relation to the concepts of collective identity (and its expressive forms) and
(ethnic and racial) social movements.

The final grade for the course will be made up as follows: class presentation 30 per cent; mid-
term exam 40 per cent, and final exam 30 per cent.

According to university policies, you must attend two thirds of all classes. If you do not attend
more than one third, you will not receive a good grade for this course; your exam papers or
class presentation will not be marked (your grade will be NA). There will be fourteen weeks
of classes, comprising of three one hour lectures. I will take attendance at the beginning of
each lecture (a total of forty-two lectures). Late arrivals will be counted as absent. You must
be present for twenty-eight of these lectures in order to obtain a passing grade. I will not mark
extra points for attendance. You must turn in all assignments when they are due. You must be
present when you are required to give a presentation. Important note: You must submit your
exam papers to the Turn-it-in when they are due. No late submissions are accepted.
 2

If you do not participate in the classes you will not receive better than a CC. Class
participation is important. However, your comments must be relevant to the topics being
discussed. Disruptive behaviour or remarks will not be tolerated. You can participate in the
discussion by adding to someone elses point of view or you may express disagreement.
However, condescending statements or discussion not relevant to the topic will not be
allowed. Just making random comments that lead us nowhere does not count as participation.
This means speaking up usefully in class so that a given conversation moves forward talking
but not adding is not participation. Your opinions will be respected providing it is based on
academic relevancy.

Textbooks: The following books and articles are required readings:

Ethnicity, The Encyclopedia of Sociology.

National Border Relations, The Encyclopedia of Sociology.

Hutchinson, J. and Smith A. D. (1996) Introduction, Ethnicity (Eds.), Oxford, New York:
Oxford University Press.

Calhoun, Craig (1993) Nationalism and Ethnicity, Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 19,
211-239.

Alonso, Ana Maria. (1994) The Politics of Space, Time and Substance: State Formation,
Nationalism and Ethnicity, Annual Review of Anthropology. Vol.23; S.379.

Jalali, Rita and Lipset, Seymour Martin (1992/93) Racial and Ethnic Conflicts: A Global
Perspective, Political Science Quarterly, 107 (4): 585-606.

Brubaker, Rogers (2009) Ethnicity, Race and Nationalism, Annual Review of Sociology 35:
2142.

Reference Books: The following books are recommended to the students (optional
readings):

Abdelai, Rawi, Yoshiko Herrera, Alastair Johnston and Rose McDermott (2006) Identity as a
Variable, Perspectives on Politics 4(4): 695-711.

Armstrong, A. (1982) Nations before Nationalism, Chapel Hill: the University of North
Carolina Press.

Barany, Zoltan (2002) The East European Gypsies: Regime Change, Marginality, and
Ethnopolitics.

Barth, Fredrik (ed.) (1969) Introduction, in Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social
Organisation of Culture Difference, Boston: Little, Brown, pp. 9-39.

Beissinger, Mark R. Nationalism and Violence, in Alexander J. Motyl, ed., Encyclopedia of

 3

Bourke, Joanna (1999) An intimate history of killing: Face-to-face killing in twentieth-century

warfare, Great Britain: Granta Books.

Berger, Peter and Thomas Luckmann (1966) The Social Construction of Reality.

Bentley, Carter (1987) Ethnicity and Practice, in Comparative Study of Society and History
29: 24-55.

Brodwin, Paul (2002) "Genetics, Identity, and the Anthropology of Essentialism,"

Anthropological Quarterly 75(2): 323-330.

Bourdieu, Pierre (1985) The Social Space and the Genesis of Groups, Theory and Society
14(6): 723-744.

Bourdieu, Pierre (1991) Identity and Representation: Elements for a Critical Reflection on
the Idea of Region, in Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, pp. 220-228.

Brass, Paul (1991) Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison.

Brass, Paul R. (ed.) (1996) Riots and Pogroms.

Brass, Paul R. (1997) Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective
Violence.

Brower, Daniel R. and Edward J. Lazzerini (eds) (1997) Russias Orient: Imperial
Borderlands and Peoples, 1700-1917.

Brubaker, Rogers (1996) Myths and misconceptions in the study of nationalism, in Hall,
John (ed.) The State of the Nation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 272-306.

Brubaker, Rogers (1996) The Manichean Myth: Rethinking the Distinction between
<<Civic>> and <<Ethnic>> Nationalism, in Kriesi, Hanspeter (ed.) Nation and National
Identity: The European Experience in Perspective, Zrich: Regger.

Brubaker, Rogers and David D. Laitin (1998) Ethnic and Nationalist Violence, Annual
Review of Sociology, pp. 423-452.

Brubaker, Rogers and Frederick Cooper (2000) Beyond Identity, Theory and Society
29(1): 1-47.

Brubaker, Rogers (2004) Ethnicity without Groups, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University
Press.

Brubaker, Rogers, Mara Loveman, and Peter Samatov (2004) Ethnicity as Cognition, Theory
and Society, 33: 31-64.

Brubaker, Rogers (2009) Ethnicity, Race and Nationalism, Annual Review of Sociology 35:
2142.
 4

Brubaker, Rogers (2011) Nationalizing states revisited: Projects and processes of

nationalization in post-Soviet states, Ethnic and Racial Studies 34: 1785.

Browning, Christopher R. (1992) The Path to Genocide.

Calhoun, Craig (ed.) (1994) Social Theory and the Politics of Identity.

Chandra, Kanchan and Steven Wilkinson (2008) Measuring the Effect of Ethnicity,
Comparative Political Studies 41(4/5): 515-568.

Cohen, A. P. (1982) Belonging: Identity and Social Organization in British Rural Cultures,
Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Cohen, A. P. (1985) The Symbolic Construction of Community, London and New York:
Routledge.

Connor, Walker (1972) Nation-Building or Nation Destroying?, in World Politics 24 (3):

319-355.

Connor, Walker (1993) Beyond Reason: The Nature of the Ethnonational Bond, Ethnic and
Racial Studies 16(3): 373-389.

Connor, Walker (1994) Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding.

Cornell, Stephen and Douglas Hartmann (1998) Ethnicity and Race: Making Identities in a
Changing World, Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press, Ch. 6.

Cowan, Jane K. Marie-Benedicte Dembour, and Richard A. Wilson (eds) (2001) Culture and
Rights: Anthropological Perspectives.

Crawford, James (ed.) (1988) The Rights of Peoples.

Day, G. (2006) Community and Everyday Life: The New Sociology, New York: Routledge.

Deutsch, Karl (1953) Peoples, Nations, and Communication.

Donnan H., Wilson, T. M. (1999) Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation and State, Oxford:
Berg.

Eisenberg, S., Halev, J. (eds) (2005) Minorities within Minorities: Equality, Rights, and
Diversity, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Elias, N. (1997) The Germans: Power Struggles and the development of Habitus in the
nineteenth and twentieth Centuries, UK: Polity Press.

Eller, Jack and Reed Coughlan (1993) The Poverty of Primordialism: The Demystification of
Ethnic Attachments, Ethnic and Racial Studies, pp. 183-202.

Eller, J. (1999) From Culture to Ethnicity to Conflict: An Anthropological Perspective on

International Ethnic Conflict, USA: University of Michigan Press.
 5

Elias, Norbert (1982) The Civilising Process: Vol. II State Formation and Civilisation,
Blackwell, Oxford.

Elkins, Zachary and John Sides (2007) Can Institutions Build Unity in Multiethnic States?
American Political Science Review 101(4): 693-708.

Epstein, A. L. (1978) Ethos and Identity: Three Studies in Ethnicity.

Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (2002) Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives,

USA: Pluto Press.

Evans, Martin (1996) 'Languages of racism within contemporary Europe', in Brian Jenkins
and Spyros A. Sofos (eds) Nation and identity in contemporary Europe, Routledge: London
& New York.

Faulks. K. (2000) Citizenship, London; New York: Routledge.

Fenton, S. (2010) Ethnicity, Cambridge: Polity.

Gabriel, John and Ben-Tovim, Gideon (1978) Marxism and the Concept of Racism,
Economy and Society 7 (2): 118-154.

Gans, H. (1996) Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic groups and cultures in America,
in W. Sollors (ed.), Theories of Ethnicity: A classical reader, London: Macmillan, pp. 425
460.

Gellner, Ernest (1964) Thought and Change, L: Weindenfeld and Nicolson.

Giddens, A. (1985) The Nation-State and Violence, C: Polity Press.

Giddens, Anthony (1994) Political theory and the Problem of Violence, in A. Giddens
Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics.

Gil-White, Franscisco J. September (1999) How Thick is Blood? The Plot Thickens . . . : If
Ethnic Actors are Primordialists, What Remains of the Circumstantialist/Primordialist
Controversy? Ethnic and Racial Studies, pp. 789-820.

Glazer, Nathan and Daniel Moynihan (eds) (1975) Ethnicity: Theory and Experience.

Greenfeld, Liah and Daniel Chirot (1994) Nationalism and Aggression, Theory and Society
23: 79-130.

Grosby, Stephen (1994) The Verdict of History: The Inexpungeable Tie of PrimordialityA
Response to Eller and Coughlan, Ethnic and Racial Studies 17(1): 164-171.

Hale, Henry (2004) Explaining Ethnicity, Comparative Political Studies 37(4): 458-485.

Hall, S. (1993) Culture, Community, Nation, Cultural Studies 7(3): 49363.

 6

Hall, Stuart. (1996) Introduction: Who needs Identity?, in Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay
(eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity. London: Sage publications.

Hall, Stuart. (1996) New Ethnicities, in David Morley, Kuan-Hsing Chen (eds.) Critical
Dialogues in Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge.

Hannerz, Ulf (1992) Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of Meaning.

Hardin, R. (1995) One for All: The Logic of Group Conflict, Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press.

Hastings, Adrian (1997) The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion, and

Nationalism.

Hechter, Michael Debra Friedman, and Malka Appelbaum (1982) A Theory of Ethnic
Collective Action, International Migration Review, pp. 412-434.

Hechter, Michael (1995) Explaining Nationalist Violence, Nations and Nationalism 1(1):
53-68.

Hirschfeld, Lawrence A. (1996) Race in the Making: Cognition, Culture and the Child's
Construction of Human Kinds, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Hobsbawm, Eric (1983) Introduction: Inventing Traditions, in E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger

(eds) The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Horowitz, Donald L. (1985) Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: University of California

Press, Chapter 6, pp. 55-92.

Horowitz, Donald L. (2001) The Deadly Ethnic Riot.

Horowitz, Donald L. (2003) The Cracked Foundations of the Right to Secede, Journal of
Democracy 14(2): 5-17.

Hutchinson, J. and Smith A. D. (1996) Ethnicity (Eds.), Oxford, New York: Oxford
University Press.

Huntington, S. (1983) The Clash of Civilizations Foreign Affairs 72(3): 22-49.

Ignatieff, Michael (1994) Blood and belonging, Vintage: London.

Jenkins, R. (1996) Ethnicity etcetera: Social anthropological points of view, Ethnic and
Racial Studies 19: 807822.

Jenkins R. (1996) Social Identity, Routledge: London.

Jenkins, Richard (1997) Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations, London: Sage
Publications.
 7

Johnson, Carter (2008) Partitioning to Peace: Sovereignty, Demography, and Ethnic Civil
Wars, International Security 32(4): 140-170.

Kalyvas, Stathis N. (2003) The Ontology of Political Violence: Action and Identity in
Civil Wars, Perspectives on Politics 1(3): 475-494.

Kalyvas, Stathis (2008) Ethnic defection in civil war, Comparative Political Studies 41(8):
1043-1068.

Kaufman, Stuart (2001) Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War, 15-

Kaufman, Stuart J. (2006) Symbolic politics or rational choice? Testing theories of extreme
ethnic violence, International Security 30(4): 45-86.

Kukathas, C. (2003) The liberal Archipelago: A theory of Diversity and Freedom, Oxford:
Oxford University Press.

Kuran, Timur (xxxx) The Unthinkable and the Unthought,

Kymlicka, W. (1995) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights,

Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kymlicka, Will (2000) Nation-Building and Minority Rights: Comparing East and West,
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 26(2): 83-212.

Laitin, David D. (1995) "National Revivals and Violence", Archives Europenes De

Sociologie 36(1): 3-43.

Laitin, David D. (1995) "Marginality: A Microperspective", Rationality and Society 7(1): 31-
57.

Lamont M., Molnar V. The study of boundaries in the social science, Annual Review of
Sociology 28: 167195.

Lehning, Percy B. (ed.) (1998) Theories of Secession.

Lijphart, Arend (1971) Cultural Diversity and Theories of Political Integration, Canadian
Journal of Political Science 4(1): 1-14.

Lustick, Ian (2000) "Agent-based modeling of collective identity: Testing constructivist

theory", Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulations 3(1).

Malesevic, S. (2004) The Sociology of Ethnicity, London: Sage Publication.

Mann, Michael (2005) The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Maykel, V. (2005) The Social Psychology of Ethnic Identity, Hove, England: Psychology
Press.
 8

Merton, R. K. (1986) Social Theory and Social Structure, New York: Free Press.

Michael, Hechter (1992) "The Dynamics of Secession", Acta Sociologica 35(4): 467-283.

Miles, Robert (1993) Racism after 'race relations' (Routledge: London), Ch. 2: Nationalism
and racism: antithesis and articulation, pp. 53-80.

Milton Esman (1973) The Management of Communal Conflict, Public Policy 21.

Mosse, George L. (1995) Racism and Nationalism, Nations and Nationalism 1(2):163-173.

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (1993) Pandaemonium: Ethnicity in International Politics.

Nash, Manning (1989) The Cauldron of Ethnicity.

Nagel, J. (1994) Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and
Culture, Social Problems 41(1): 152176.

Nagel, Joane (1995) "American Indian Ethnic Revival: Politics and the Resurgence of
Identity", American Sociological Review 60: 947-65.

Nairn, Tom (1975) The Modern Janus, New Left Review 94.

Nisan, M. (2002) Minorities in the Middle East; A history of Struggle and Selfexpression, US:
Mcfarland Company Publisher.

Okamura, J. Y. (1981) Situational Ethnicity, Ethnic and Racial Studies 4(4): 452-463.

Olzak, Susan and Joane Nagel (eds) (1986) Competitive Ethnic Relations.

Olzak, Susan (1992) The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict.

Olzak, Susan (1998) Ethnic Protest in Core and Periphery, Ethnic and Racial Studies, xxx:
187-217.

Parekh, Bhikhu (2000) Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory.

Peterson, William (1997) Ethnicity Counts, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Reilly, Benjamin (2001) Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict
Management.

Renan, Ernst (1882) What is a nation?

Revill, G. (1993) Reading Rosehill, in M. Keith and S. Pile (eds.), Place and the Politics of
Identity. London and New York: Routledge.

Rex, John (1996) Ethnic Minorities in the Modern Nation-State.

Reynolds, Vernon Vincent Falger, and Ian Vine (eds.) (1987) The Sociobiology of
 9

Ethnocentrism: Evolutionary Dimensions of Xenophobia, Discrimination, Racism, and

Nationalism.

Safran, W. (2008) Language, ethnicity and religion: a complex and persistent linkage,
Nations and Nationalism 14(1): 171190.

Safran, W. (1991) Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return,

Diaspora 1(1): 8389.

Safran, W. (2005) The Jewish Diaspora in a Comparative and Theoretical Perspective,

Israel Studies 10 (1): 3660.

Sambanis, Nicholas (2000) Partition as a Solution to Ethnic War: An Empirical Critique of

the Theoretical Literature, World Politics xxx: 437-483.

Simmel, G. (1996) The stranger and Web of Group Affiliations, in W. Sollors (ed.) Theories
of ethnicity: A Classical Reader, London: Macmillan, pp. 3752.

Smelser N. J. (2004) Psychological Trauma and Collective Trauma, in Alexander, J. C.

Alexander, R. Eyerman, G. Berhard, N. J. Smelser, P Sztompka (eds.), Cultural Trauma and
Collective Identity, University of California Press, pp. 3160.

Song, M. (2003) Choosing Ethnic Identity, Cambridge: Blackwell Publishing INC.

Shanin, Theodor (1986) Soviet Theories of Ethnicity: The Case of a Missing Term, New
Left Review 158: 113.

Shaw, R. Paul and Yuwa Wong (1989) Genetic Seeds of Warfare: Evolution, Nationalism and
Patriotism, pp. 23-61.

Shibutani, Tamotsu and Kian Kwan (1965) Ethnic Stratification: A Comparative Approach.

Shils, Edward (1957) Primordial, Personal, Sacred, and Civil Ties, British Journal of
Sociology, pp. 113-145.

Smith, Anthony D. (1981) The Ethnic Revival in The Modern World, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.

Smith, Anthony D. (1984) National Identity and Myths of Ethnic Descent, Research in
social Movements, Conflict and Change (7): 95-130.

Smith, Anthony D. (1987) Ethnic Origins of Nations, USA: Blackwell.

Smith, Anthony D. (1992) Chosen People: Why ethnic groups survive, Ethnic and Racial
Studies 15(3): 436456.

Smith, Anthony D. (1995) Nations and Nationalism in Global Area, Cambridge, UK: Polity
Press.

Smith, Anthony D. (1999) Myths and Memories of Nation, USA: Oxford University Press, p.
 10

196.

Smith, Anthony D. (2000) The 'Sacred' Dimension of Nationalism, Millennium 29(3): 791-
814.

Smith, Anthony D. (2001) National Identity, Harmondsworth; Penguin Books (1.Publ.)

Smith, Anthony D. (2003) Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity, Oxford,
New York: Oxford University Press.

Smith, Anthony D. (2004) The Antiquity of Nations, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Smith, Anthony D. (2009) Ethno-symbolism and nationalism: a cultural approach,

London [u.a.]: Routledge.

Taylor, C. (1994) The Politics of Recognition, in A. Gutman, A. Appiah, J. Habermas, S.

Rockefeller, M. Walzer, S. Wolf (Eds.), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of
Recognition, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Theo Goldberg, David (1992) The Semantics of Race, Ethnic and Racial Studies 15(4): 543-
569.

Van den Berghe, Pierre (1978) Race and Ethnicity: a Socio-Biological Perspective, Ethnic
and Racial Studies 1(4): 401-411.

Van den Berghe, Pierre L. (1987) The Ethnic Phenomenon, Westport: Praeger.

Van den Berghe, Pierre L. (1995) Does race matter? Nations and nationalism 1(3): 357-68.

Van Evera, Stephen (1994) Hypotheses on Nationalism and War, International Security
18(4): 5-39.

Varshney, Ashutosh (2003) Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Rationality, Perspectives on

Politics 1(1): 85-99.

Verkuyten, M. (2005) The Social Psychology of Ethnic Identity, Hove and New York:
Psychology Press.

Wallerstein, I. and Balibar, E. (1991) Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities, London:
Verso.

Walzer, Michael (1997) On Toleration.

Watson, M. (ed.) (1990) Contemporary Minority Nationalism, London: Routledge.

Weber, Max (1996) Ethnic Groups, in W. Sollors (ed.), Theories of Ethnicity: A classical
Rreader, London: Macmillan, pp. 5267.
 11

Weber, Max. 1978 [1922] Economy and Society (eds.), Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich,
Berkeley: University of California Press, 385-398; 900-904, 910-912; 921-926.

Yelvington, Kevin (1991) Ethnicity as Practice? A Comment of Benthley in Comparative

Studies in Society and History 33 (1), 158-168.

Young, Crawford (1976) The Politics of Cultural Pluralism.

Young, Crawford (1983) The Temple of Ethnicity, World Politics 35(4): 652-662.

Additional readings:

ALONSO, Ana Maria

1994 The Politics of Space, Time and Substance: State Formation, Nationalism
and Ethnicity.
In: Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol.23; S.379 bis S.405

APPIAH, Kwame Anthony and GATES, Henry Louis (Eds.)

1995 Identities.
Chicago and London (Univ. of Chicago Press)

BANKS, Marcus
1996 Ethnicity: Anthropological Constructions.
London, New York (reprint) (Routledge)
Chapter 5: Ethnicity and nationalism: S.121 - 160

BAUMANN, Gerd and VERTOVEC, Steven (Eds.)

2011 Multiculturalism. Critical Concepts in Sociology.
Vol. IV: Crises and Transformations: Challenges and Futures.
London, New York; Routledge

BRAH, Avtar, HICKMANN, Mary and Co. (Eds.)

1999 Thinking Identities. Ethnicity, Racism and Culture
London (MacMillan Press)

BRASS, Paul (Ed.)

1985 Ethnic groups and the state.
London u.a. Croom u.a.
KSA: Gesell 529

BRASS, Paul R.
1991 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison.
New Dehli (Sage Publishers India)

BRUBAKER, R.
2005 Ethnicity without Groups.
 12

Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press

COHEN, Anthony P. (Ed.)

2000 Signifying Identities.
London, New York; Routledge

CONNOR, Walker
1994 Ethnonationalism: The quest for understanding.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press

CORNELL, Stephen and HARTMANN, Douglas

1998 Ethnicity and Race. Making Identities in a Changing World.
Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi (Verlag Pine Forge Press)
Bes.: Chapter 2: S.1538; Chapter 3: S.30-71 und Chapter 3: S.72-101

ERIKSEN, Thomas Hylland

1995 Small Places, Large Issues.
London, Chicago (Pluto Press)

ERIKSEN, Thomas Hylland

1992 Us and Them in Modern Society: Ethnicity and Nationalism in Mauritius,
Triniad and Beyond.
Oslo (Scandinavian University Press)
VK Inst.: Standort: Afro-Amerika 81
Ad. Inhalt vgl. Kopie

ERIKSEN, Thomas Hylland

1993 Ethnicity and Nationalism. Anthropological Perspectives.
London, Boulder, Col. (Pluto Press)
Chapter 6: Nationalism (S.97 bis S.119)
Chapter 7: Minorities and the state (S.121 bis S.145)

ERIKSEN, Thomas Hylland

1995 Small Places, Large Issues.
London, Chicago (Pluto Press)
Chapter 16: Ethnicity; (S.249- 260)
Chapter 17:Nationalism and Minorities (S.260 - S.277)
Chapter 18: The Local and the Global: (S.278 bis S.295)

FISHMAN, Joshua A. (Ed.)

1999 Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity
New York, Oxford, (Oxford University Press)

GEISLER, M.E. (Ed.)

2005 National Symbols, Fractured Identities: Contesting the National Narrative.
 13

(Middlebury Bicennential Series in International Studies)

Middlebury; Middlebury College Press and Lebanon, N.H. University Press of New
England

HALL, Steward
1999 Cultural Identity and Diaspora
In: Vertovec Steven and Cohen Robin (Eds.): Migration, Diasporas and
Transnationalism. Cheltenham/ UK and Northampton, MA (Edward Elgar Publishing
Ltd.); pp.299-314

HALL, Stuart and GAY, Du Paul (Eds.)

1996 Questions of cultural identity.
London [u.a.]; Sage Publ
Hall, Stuart: Introduction: Who Needs Identity? pp. 1 -17
Robins Kevin: Chap.5: Interrupted Identities: Turkey/Europe; pp. 61-86

HETHERINGTON, Kevin
1998 Expressions of Identity. Space, Performance, Politics.
London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi (Sage Publishers)
bes.: Chapter 1: S.21-40

MORLEY, David and ROBINS, Kevin

1995 Spaces of Identity. Global Media, Electronic Landscapes and Cultural
Boundaries. London and New York (Routledge)

NICHOLSON, Linda and SEIDMAN, Steve (Eds.)

1995 Social postmodernism: beyond identity politics.
Cambridge [u.a.]; Cambridge Univ. Press,

STOKES, Martin (Ed.)

1994 Ethnicity, Identity and Music. The Musical Construction of Place.
Oxford, Providence/ USA; Berg
KSA: Musik 66

TAMBIAH, Stanley J.
1989 The Politics of Ethnicity.
In: American Ethnologist, Vol. 16, Nr. 2; s.335 bis S.349
Reprint and revised in: BOROFSKY, Robert (Ed.): Assessing Cultural Anthropology.
New York etc. 1994; S. 430 bis S.441

VERDERY, Katherine
1994 Ethnicity, Nationalism, and State-making.
in: VERMEULEN, Hans and GOVERS, Cora (Eds.): The Anthropology of Ethnicity.
 14

Beyond Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Amsterdam (Het Spinhuis); S.33 bis S.58

VERMEULEN, Hans and GOVERS, Cora (Eds.)

1994 The Anthropology of Ethnicity. Beyond Ethnic Groups and Boundaries.
Amsterdam (Het Spinhuis).