12/20/2017 Tube (fluid conveyance) - Wikipedia

Tube (fluid conveyance)

A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids
(liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires.

The terms "pipe" and "tube" are almost interchangeable, although minor
distinctions exist generally, a tube has tighter engineering
requirements than a pipe. Both pipe and tube imply a level of rigidity and
permanence, whereas a hose is usually portable and flexible. A tube and
pipe may be specified by standard pipe size designations, e.g., nominal
pipe size, or by nominal outside or inside diameter and/or wall thickness.
The actual dimensions of pipe are usually not the nominal dimensions: A A series of tubes
1-inch pipe will not actually measure 1 inch in either outside or inside
diameter, whereas many types of tubing are specified by actual inside
diameter, outside diameter, or wall thickness.

Contents
Manufacture
Standards
Calcula on of strength
See also
References
External links

Manufacture
There are three classes of manufactured tubing: seamless,[1] as-welded or electric resistant welded (ERW), and drawn-
over-mandrel (DOM).

Seamless tubing is produced via extrusion or rotary piercing.

Drawn-over-mandrel tubing is made from cold-drawn electrical-resistance-welded tube that is drawn through a die and over a
mandrel to create such characteris cs as dependable weld integrity, dimensional accuracy, and an excellent surface nish.

Standards
There are many industry and government standards for pipe and tubing. Many standards exist for tube manufacture;
some of the most common are as follows:

ASTM A213 Standard Specica on for Seamless Ferri c and Austeni c Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger Tubes.
ASTM A269 Standard Specica on for Seamless and Welded Austeni c Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
ASTM A270 Standard Specica on for Seamless and Welded Austeni c Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing
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ASTM A511 Standard Specica on for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
ASTM A513 Standard Specica on for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
ASTM A554 Standard Specica on for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
Bri sh Standard 1387:1985 Specica on for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain end steel tubes
suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads
ASTM material specifications generally cover a variety of grades or types that indicate a specific material composition.
Some of the most commonly used are:

TP 304
TP 316
MT 304
MT 403
MT 506
In installations using hydrogen, copper and stainless steel tubing must be factory pre-cleaned (ASTM B 280) and/or
certified as instrument grade. This is due to hydrogen's particular propensities: to explode in the presence of oxygen,
oxygenation sources, or contaminants; to leak due to its atomic size; and to cause embrittlement of metals, particularly
under pressure.

Calculation of strength
For a tube of silicone rubber[2] with a tensile strength of 10 MPa and an 8 mm outer diameter and 2 mm thick walls. The
maximum pressure may be calculated as follows:

Outer diameter = 0.008 [meter]

Wall thickness = 0.002 [meter]
Tensile strength = 10 * 1000000 [Pa]

Pressure burst = (Tensile strength * Wall thickness * 2 / (10 * Outer diameter) ) * 10 [Pa]

Gives burst pressure of 5 MPa.

Using a safety factor:

Pressure max = (Tensile strength * Wall thickness * 2 / (10 * Outer diameter) ) * 10 / Safety_factor [Pa]

See also
Copper tubing Materials used in water supply systems
Hydrogen piping Piping
Hydraulic tubes Tube and pipe benders

References
1. "API 5L Grade B seamless tube PSL1 & PSL2" (h p://www.hysteelpipe.com/api-5l-line-pipe/api-5l-gr-b-seamless-steel-pipe/).
HYSP Steel Pipe.
2. "Mechanical proper es of metals" (h p://www.ami.ac.uk/courses/topics/0123_mpm/index.html). 100607 ami.ac.uk

External links
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Steeltubeins tute.org (h p://www.steeltubeins tute.org/mechanical_process.htm)

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This page was last edited on 15 March 2017, at 20:05.

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