Ostrich Farming (50 Birds)

BUILDINGS Space sq feet Cost/sq feet

Construction of Shed 3,500 275
Fencing Out door Area For Ostrich 100,000 150
Construction of office 10 x 10 120 325
Feed Store 20 x 24 480 325
Equipment Store 12 x 18 216 325
Labor Colony 20 x 15 30 400
Water Tank 8 x 10 80 400
Wash Room 2 (5 x 6) 60 400
Total

Equipments No. cost/bird

Cage System ( 300 Rs / bird) 50 300
Fans 3 28,500
Incubator For 250 Eggs
Lighting + Controller

Cost of equipments like brooders, feeders, waterers@Rs400/ bird 50 400

Cost of electric installation
Controllers of Feeding, Drinking and Ventilation System
Heater
Air Conditioners 3 60,000
Generator
Refrigerator
Automatic Syringe
Weighing Balance
Water Pump
Spray Machine
Chick Guard for Brooding
Total
TOTAL FIXED COST

OVERHEAD COST
Depreciation on buildings @ 10%
Depreciation onequipments @ 20%
TOTAL OVERHEAD COSTS

RECURRING EXPENDITURE /WORKING CAPITAL units cost/ unit

Cost of day old chicks 25 12,000
Feed & forage 25 10,000
Cost of 3 labour 3 15,000
Vet & med & miscellaneous 25 2,000
Cost of layer purchased at 6 months old 25 130,000
COST OF REARING PULLETS TILL POINT OF LAY

COST OF EGG PRODUCTION units cost/ unit

Cost of feed for 50 birds 50 15,000
Cost of 3 labour for 12 months 3 180,000
Cost of medicine, litter, transportation & electricity 50 14,000
COST OF EGG PRODUCTION

Cost Of Skin 100 15,000

TOTAL EXPENDITURE
Total Birds
Mortality @ 2.5% (zero after three months)
Total Live Birds (males)
Total Live Birds (females)
Egg / layer
Total eggs 60 eggs/birds 32 birds

Sale of egg (Fertile)(80%) 1036 eggs 2,000

Sale of egg (Inferile) 384 eggs 200
Birds day old (500 eggs Hatched) 200 15000
Birds One Month Old 200 25,000
Skin Sold (100 Bird) 100 25,000
Meat Production (100 Bird Slaughter 120 kg per bird @Rs 1500) 12,000 1,500
Gross return/ year
Total Expenditures
Profit / year
 Total
962,500
15,000,000
39,000
156,000
70,200
12,000
32,000
24,000
16,295,700

Total
900,000
85,500
550,000
20,000
-
20,000
5,000
100,000
18,000
180,000
-
40,000
5,000
1,200
15,000
5,000
10,000
1,954,700
18,250,400

1,629,570
390,940
2,020,510

Total
300,000
250,000
75,000
50,000
 3,250,000
3,925,000

Total
750,000
540,000
700,000
1,990,000

1,500,000
9,435,510
 50
2
16
32
60
1,920

2,072,000
76,800
3,000,000
5,000,000
2,500,000
18,000,000
30,648,800
9,435,510
21,213,290
Strength
Potential for excellent product
quality across a range of products
Almost niche Market in Pakistan
Highest immunity level in birds
Environment friendly farming
Highest immunity level in birds
Environment friendly farming
Opportunities
Large scale Market size
Attractive investment opportunity
for investors
Established leather processing and
manufacturing market in Pakistan
Low feed cost per ostrich
Low labor cost
Weaknesses
Lack of consumer awareness of ostrich
meat and leather
Lack of ostrich farming knowledge
Lack of scientific research
Low confidence level of investors
Negligible government support
Threats
Mortality in chicks (during first three months)
Lack of professionalism
Risk of supply exceeding demand
if markets not developed
 Most important components in ostrich feed
Concentrates Roughage Protein sources
Maize Barley Wheat Triticale Oats Lucerne hay Soybean oilcake
Brewers grain Wheat bran Canola oilcake
Oat bran Sunfl
Barley hay oilcake
Oat hay Fish meal Full fat
Oat straw soy (roasted)
Wheat straw Full fat canola
Silage Sunfl
seeds
Sweet lupins
Peas
Beans Gluten

SUGGESTED DIET:
Column1 Starter Grower
Calculated Analysis
0-8 wks 9 wks-17 months
% Protein 18.0 18.0
% Crude Fat 3.0 3.5
% Calcium 1.35 1.35
% Available Phosphate 0.72 0.64
% Crude Fiber 6.0 11.0
Salt (NaCl) 0.90 0.50
d
Mineral sources
Feed lime Di-calcium
phosphate
Mono-calcium
phosphate Salt
Mineral- and vitamin
pre- mix

Layer

18 months+
24.5
3.5
2.40
0.70
11.0
0.60
 Cumulative feed consumption of ostriches between the
ages of 6-16 months
Age (months) Average Feed consumption per bird (kg/month)
6-7 intake
1.1 per 33
7-8 bird per day
1.4 42
(kg)
8-9 2.2 66
910 2.9 87
1011 2.9 87
11 12 2.9 87
12-13 2.9 87
13-14 2.9 87
14-15 2.8 84
15-16 2.7 81
of ostriches between the
months
Cumulative feed consumption (kg/bird)
33
75
141
228
315
402
489
576
660
741
 General Identification
Colour
Height
Weight
Speed

Breeding Specifications:
Characteristics
Social Life
Duration of life
Breeding life
Puberty
Laying
Eggs per annum
Egg Weight
Fertility
Hatchability
Survival
Mortality
Food
Growth
Feed/Live Weight Conversion - 9mths
Feed/Live Weight Conversion -12mths
Slaughtering Age
Meat Output

Meat Yield - 9 months

Meat Yield - 12 months
Skin Output
 Male Female
Black Grey
8-9 Feet 7-8 Feet
150 Kg 130 Kg
70 Km/hr 70 Km/hr

Breeding Specifications:
Desciption
1 Male for 2-3 Females
70 years
30 years
Female 18 months to 2 years Male 2 to 2.5 years
60 Eggs Average Per Hen Per Breeding Year
60+ consistently
1.5 Kg
>95%
>95%
>95%
Negligible after 3 months
Balanced Grain Ration and Fresh Fodder
1 Foot Per Month During the 1st 6 Months
<3.5:1
<4:1
10- 12 months
Net Carcass is 50% of Live Weight and 35-40 % Kg Pure
Red Meat
>40kgs
>50kgs
14 sq feet
 PRODUCTS UTILITIES:

Products Characteristics

Leather Pearl or grain Suppleness,Luxury

Rusticity
Meat Red, Tender, Tasty, Dietic
Feather Tourism Suppleness, Anti-Static

Infertile Eggs Light Yellow

MEAT SPECIFICATIONS:

Meat 85 Grams Calories

Beef ( Steak) 240
Chicken 140
Turkey 135
Ostrich 97
:

Outlets

-Leather Goods Baggage, Brief

Cases, High Fashion Shoes
Roasted, Grilled, like young beef
Decoration, Brushes, Festivals Show-
Farm, Natural or Painted Egg Shells
Natural ,Carved ,Painted

Fat Grams Cholesterol mg

15 77
3 73
3 59
1.7 58
 COMPARISON OF BEEF CATTLE V/S OSTRICH:
Particulars Beef Cattle

Land 30,000 sq feet per pair

Gestation 280 days

Offspring per year 1

Meat Production Time 10 months

Meat Production Per Annum 120Kg

No of Hides 1

Cost of Feed Per Day Rs.40-60

Breeding years 10-11

Meat Price Per Kg Rs. 200

PRODUCTION CYCLE (4 STEPS)

Processes Age
Starters(Chicks) 1 day to 3 months

Fattening Ostriches 4-12 months

Selection For Breeding 12-24months

Breeders + 24 Months

Space Requirements (Trio)

Age Indoor

1-21 Days Building 2 sq Feet/Bird

 22-90 Days 3 sq Feet Per Bird

90-300 Days Open Shelter 3 sq feet Per Bird

Breeder/Selection Only Open Space

12 Months and Older Open Shelter 15 Sq Feet Per Bird

F CATTLE V/S OSTRICH:
Ostrich

4800 feet per pair

42 days

30

10 months

1350 Kg

30

Rs.25

40-45

$ 15 Or Rs.1200 (current)

YCLE (4 STEPS)

Housing
Poultry Building-Adjoining Free Space

Cow or Sheep Building and Adjoining Free

Space

Free Space, Building is Optional

2-3 Kanals Land for one trio

Outdoor

According to the Climate 10-15 Sq Feet /Bird

 30 Sq Feet Per Bird Min 150 Sq Feet

300 Sq Feet Per Bird Min 2000 Sq Feet

1500-2000 Sq Feet/Bird

Min space 2000 Sq Feet

Table 1. Hematologic values (Complete blood counts) for clinically normal adult ostrich:
Parameter
White blood cells
Total red blood cell
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Triglicerides

Table 2. Mean Serum Chemistry Values For Clinically Normal Adult Ostrich:
Parameter
Albumin
Billirubin
BUN
Cholesterol
Glucose
Phosphorus
Calcium
Total Protein
Triglycerides
Urea
Uric acid
 Column2 Column3
Mean Value
(103/ul) 5.5 to
(106/ul) 1.5
(%) 30-40
(mg/dl) 42339
(106/ul) 1.7

ormal Adult Ostrich:

Mean Value
(g/dl) 1.3 - 2.5
(umol/L) 6
(mg/dl) 1.2-1.8
(mg/dl) 82-97
(mg/dl) 215-245
(mg/dl) 4.4-5.2
(mg/dl) 9.5-13
(g/dl) 3.7-4.7
(mg/dl) 90-130
(umol/L) 0.4
(umol/L) 460-490
Diseases:

The Following is a listing of all diseases and disease agents that have been positively identified and reported in the scientific lite
Because of the relative newness of this industry, this list will surely increase as more information is gathered. At the present tim
tentative, but not confirmed, reports exist of other potential diseases that could effect ostrich. You should work closely with yo
Veterinarian and a state or federal diagnostic laboratory when ever you suspect disease problems or are concerned about the
introduction of agents onto your ranch.

Nematode:

Paronchocerca struthionus. A filariad nematode recovered from the lungs of an ostrich in West Africa. An incidental finding in a
that died of other causes. Pathogenicity unknown.

Struthiofilaria megalocephala. Several reports of nematodes from body cavity of ostrich. Pathogenicity unknown but possible.

Lipostrongylus douglassi. Intestinal nematode of ostrich. Reported susceptible to antihelminthic treatment with fenbendazole.

Cestode:

Houttuynia struthionis. Intestinal tapeworm of ostrich. Reporting of efficacy of fenbendazole.

Trematode:

Philophthalmus gralli (eye fluke) reported to cause severe eye irritation and discharge in captive ostrich in Florida.

Protozoa:

Hexamitiasis. Reported identifications of intestinal infections with possible pathogenicity in young ranched ostrich in North Am

Arthropods:

Struthiolipeurus nandu (Mallophagan louse) infestation in ostrich causing feather loss.

Unidentified feather mite belonging to family Pterolichidae infesting ostrich in North America causing feather loss. Successfully
with Ivermectin.
Numerous ticks of various life stages reported to infest ostrich.

Viral diseases:

Newcastle disease virus in ostrich reported in ranched ostrich in Israel. High mortality reported with viral isolation from brain.
Pox virus recovered from skin lesion in Israel.
Spongyform encephalopathy in a ranched ostrich.
Crimean-Congo Haemmorrhagic Fever Virus. Report of virus isolation from human thought to have acquired infection from han
slaughter ostrich or ticks off the ostrich in South Africa.
Bacterial Diseases:

Staphylococcus hyicus in an ostrich causing conjunctivitis.

Colobacillosis responsible for mortalities in young ranched ostrich.
Tuberculosis in ostrich and other ratites.
Pasteurella multocida infections in ostrich in Nigeria resulting in generalized and pulmonary infections.

Fungal infections:

Aspergillus infections reported in Ostrich.

Nutritional and metabolic diseases:

Vitamin E and selenium deficiencies in ostrich from South Africa.

Parsley-induced photosensitivity in captive ostrich.
Anasarca and myopathy in ostrich chicks.
Nutritional muscular dystrophy in ostrich chicks.
Incubation:

Often, the facilities in which the incubation equipment is kept is as critical as the equipment itself. Although there are no strict
factors that should be considered.
1. Facilities should be capable of being maintained at 65 to 70F.
2. Outside fresh air exchange should be at least 20%.
3. Humidity should not exceed 45%
4. Traffic and personnel should be maintained at a minimum with as few people as possible entering the facility.
5. Floors and walls should be of such a construction to allow daily cleaning and washing.
6. Additional air movement within the room should be supplied by portable fans or some similar mechanism.

The hatching process in ostrich, as in all birds, begins when the egg cell is expelled from the ovary of the hen. When the ovum
spermatozoa are present, fertilization occurs. As the egg continues down the oviduct, the viscous albumin (egg white) , papery
lining of the duct. Even before the egg is laid, the formation of a visible embryo has begun and appears as a whitish disk on the
incubation at the proper temperature. The egg is fully formed and ready to be laid about 24 hours after it is discharged from th

Hatching:

Eggs should be allowed to hatch on their own or help should be given only under duress and the help should be minimal. Wha
shell on their own. At the time of internal pipping, the bird has not yet internalized all of the yolk material and the blood vesse
up sufficiently to allow the bird to hatch normally. The final process of exiting the shell may take many hours to several days, de
of sharp shell or to remove dried membranes to assist the chick in this process. Birds taken out of the shell prematurely (right;
subject to umbilical and yolk sac infections.

Once the bird has completely exited the shell, treat the umbilical area with liberal amounts of 7% Iodine. This will help disinfec

After Hatching:

The newly hatched chicks can be placed into a brooder as soon as they are dry or as soon as several birds in any batch have hat
be kept in the same room as the hatcher.

Numbered leg bands are placed on the birds and they are weighed at the time they are placed into the brooder. No food or wa
absorb any fluid that is in the tissues and requires that the bird begin to utilize the yolk material. Birds that have excessive wate
periods without food or water. Chicks have been kept up to 10 days with no notable problems. All birds are taken out and place
absorption and to encourage activity.

Often wet chicks have difficulty placing their legs under them at this stage and a condition called "spraddle leg" develops. Mos
with tape, tubing, or Vetrap until the chick is able to stand on its own (usually one to two days). Treatment is almost always suc
hobbling birds in the brooder as they may turn onto their back and will be unable to right themselves.
Our brooder box is constructed of stainless steel so that it can be sanitized easily. It is 4 feet long, 2 1/2 feet wide, with 3 foot s
Additional heat is provided for the brooded chicks with a single heat lamp directed in one corner of the brooder box. A washab
brooder. This type of flooring is ideal since it is easily cleaned, can't be eaten, and provides support for the chicks during the fir