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Jain
Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Shear Force and Bending Moment 2.47
Strength MaterialsP.P.H.H.Jain
StrengthofofMaterials Jain Simple
SimpleStresses
Stressesand
andStrains
Strains 1.21
3.21
23. A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3 and P4 as shown in fig. Calculate the forece
P2 necessary for equilibrium if P1 = 10 kN, P3 = 40 kN and P4 = 16 kN. Take E = 2.05 10 N/mm .
5 2
Dia. 25 mm Dia. 50 mm
Dia. 30 mm
P2 P3
P1 1 3 P4
2
34 kN
10 kN 1 40 kN 10 kN
16 kN
1000 mm
10 kN 40 kN
24 kN 2 24 kN
34 kN 16 kN
600 mm
10 kN
16 kN 34 kN 3 16 kN
40 kN
800 mm
l = + 0.1519 mm (Elongation)
A C B
D E
1m 3m 1m 1m
Solution :
Step 1 : Support Reactions : MA = 0 ( = +ve, = ve)
1
V = 0 ( = +ve, = ve) +( 20 3) 3 + 30 5 RB 6 = 0
2
1
RA + RB ( 20 3) 30 = 0 6RB = 240 kN
2
RA + RB = 60 kN RB = 40 kN (
) and RA = 60 40 = 20 kN (
)
Step 4 : Maximum B.M. : In S.F.D., the S.F. is zero at point F. Let x be the distance of point F from C.
20x h 20
Load intensity at F = h = Q x = 3
3
Since S.F. at F = 0. C h 20 kN/m
A
1 1m x F D
20 ( h x) = 0
2 20 kN 3m
1 20x
20 ( x) = 0
2 3
10x 2
20 = 0 60 10x2 = 0 10x2 = 60
3
x = 6 = 2.449 m
1 x x2 20x x 2 20x 3
B.M. at F = 20 (1 + x) ( h x) = 20 + 20x h = 20 + 20x = 20 + 20x
2 3 6 3 6 18
20(2.449)3
= 20 + 20(2.449) = 52.66 kNm
18
Maximum B.M. = B.M. at F = 52.66 kNm
Therefore, Maximum B.M. is at 1 + 2.449 = 3.449 m from A.
W w /unit length
Mmax =
WL wL2
A A Mmax =
B 4 B 8
L/2 L/2 Occurs at mid span.
L Occurs at mid span.
L
3) Cantilever with point load at free end 4) Cantilever with u.d.l. at free end
W w /unit length 2
wL
Mmax = WL Mmax =
A A B
2
B
Occurs at fixed point. Occurs at fixed point.
L L
Type 1
1. A steel cantilever beam of span 4 m is subjected to a point load of 2 kN at the free end. The cross-
section of the beam is 50 mm wide and 75 mm deep. Determine the maximum bending stress in
the beam. Dr.B.A.M.U.[M 07]
50 mm t = 170.66 N/mm
2 kN
yt
75 mm
A B N A
yc
4m
c = 170.66 N/mm
Load Diagram Cross-section Bending stress distribution
Since, the beam is cantilever, tensile stress will develop in the top layer and compressive stress will develop in the
bottom layer.
Maximum bending moment is at fixed end A
M = W.L = 2 4 = 8 kNm = 8 106 Nmm
Moment of Inertia of beam cross-section
bd 3 50 753
I = = = 1757812.5 mm4
12 12
Distance of extreme layers from neutral axis N-A
d 75
ymax = yt = yc = = = 37.5 mm
2 2
M
Using the relation =
I y
M 8 106
max = ymax = 37.5 = 170.66 N/mm (i.e. t = c = 170.66 N/mm)
I 1757812.5
80 kN/m
A B
6m
RA = 240 kN RB = 240 kN
150 mm
0
50 mm
1 1 50 mm75 mm
1 2
2 2 11.29 33.88
25 mm
12.5 mm
N A max = 35.29
62.5 mm
150 mm
y = 125 mm
0
50 mm
Shear stress in N/mm
Cross-section Shear stress distribution
150 50 3 50 150 3
= + (150 50)(175 125) 2 + + (50 150)(125 75) 2 = 53.125 106 mm4
12 12
Shear stresses at top and bottom of the section are zero.
Shear stress in top flange at junction of top flange and web (Section 1-1)
SAy 240 10 3 [(150 50) (50)]
1 = = = 11.29 N/mm
bI 150 53.125 10 6
Shear stress in web at junction of top flange and web (Section 2-2)
SAy 240 10 3 [(150 50) (50)]
2 = = = 33.88 N/mm
bI 50 53.125 10 6
Flange width 150
or 2 = 1 = 11.29 = 33.88 N/mm
Web width 50
Maximum shear stress = Shear stress at N-A. Consider area above N-A.
SAy 240 10 3 [(150 50) (50) + (50 25) (12.5)]
max = NA = = = 35.29 N/mm
bI 50 53.125 10 6
or alternatively, by considering area below N-A
SAy 240 10 3 [(125 50) (62.5)]
max = NA = = = 35.29 N/mm
bI 50 53.125 10 6
Strength MaterialsP.P.H.H.Jain
StrengthofofMaterials Jain Direct
Simpleand bending
Stresses andStresses
Strains 5.9
3.21
12. A rectangular column 200 mm wide and 150 mm thick is carrying a vertical load of 15 kN at an
eccentricity of 50 mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Determine the maximum and minimum
intensities of stress in the section. Dr. B.A.M.U.[M 08], Amravati Univ.[M 09]
Solution : Given : b = 200 mm, d = 150 mm, P = 15 kN = 15 103 N, e = 50 mm. Find max and min = ?
Area of section
15 kN
A = b d = 200 150 = 30000 mm2
Moment of Inertia about bending axis (Y-Y axis)
50
db 3 150 2003 mm
Iyy = = = 100 106 mm4
12 12
Distance of extreme layers of section from Y-Y axis
b 200
x= = = 100 mm
2 2
Direct stress
200 mm
P 15 10 3
d = = = 0.5 N/mm (Compressive) Y
A 30000 A C
50
Bending stress mm
150 mm X X
M Pe 15 10 3 50
b = = x= 100 = 0.75 N/mm
Z I yy 100 10 6 B Y D
x x
Maximum stress
min
max = d + b = 0.5 + 0.75 = 1.25 N/mm (Comp. on side CD)
= 0.25
Minimum stress max
= 1.25
min = d b = 0.5 0.75 = 0.25 N/mm (Tensile on side AB)
Stress distribution at base section is shown in fig.
13. A hollow rectangular column is having external and internal dimensions as 1200 mm deep 800
mm wide and 900 mm deep 500 mm wide respectively. A vertical load of 200 kN is transmitted in
the vertical plane bisecting 1200 mm side and at an eccentricity of 110 mm from the geometric axis
of the section. Calculate the maximum and minimum stresses in the section. Dr. B.A.M.U. [N 09]
Solution : Given : B = 800 mm, D = 1200 mm, b = 500 mm, d = 900 mm, P = 200 kN = 200 103 N,
e = 110 mm. Find max and min = ?
Area of section 800 mm
500 mm
A = BD bd = 800 1200 500 900 = 510000 mm2 A Y D
Moment of Inertia about bending axis (Y-Y axis)
DB3 db 3
Iyy =
1200 mm
12 12
900 mm
P
X X
1200 800
3
900 500 3
110 mm
=
12 12
= 4.1825 1010 mm4
Distance of extreme layers of section from Y-Y axis
B Y C
B 800
x= = = 400 mm x x
2 2
Base Section
Direct stress
P 200 10 3 min
d = = = 0.392 N/mm (Compressive)
A 510000
max
Bending stress
M Pe 200 103 110
b = = x= 400 = 0.210 N/mm Stress Distribution
Z I yy 4.1825 1010 at base
Maximum stress
max = d + b = 0.392 + 0.210 = 0.602 N/mm (Compressive on side CD)
Minimum stress
min = d b = 0.392 0.210 = 0.182 N/mm (Compressive on side AB)
Stress distribution at base section is shown in fig.
Copy Rights Reserved with Prof. P. H. Jain
Strength
Strengthof MaterialsP.
ofMaterials P.H.
H.Jain
Jain Shear Force and Bending Torsion
Moment 6.35
2.47
Type 3.2
Solution :
3 kNm Compound shaft in series as shown.
2 kNm 1 kNm L1= L2 = L3 = 0.5 m = 500 mm,
D1 = 40 mm, D2 = 60 mm, D3 = 80 mm,
D 3 2 1 G 3
B A 1 = G2 = G3 = G = 80 GPa = 80 10
C
60 mm 40 mm N/mm.
80 mm
Find = ?
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m
Fig. (a)
Consider F.B.D. of each shaft separately as shown in fig. (b) starting from shaft 1
3+2+1 3+2+1
= 6 kNm = 6 kNm 2+1 2+1
= 3 kNm = 3 kNm 1 kNm 1 kNm
3 2 1
B B A
D C C
Fig. (b) F.B.D. of each shaft
Thus, torques on each shaft
T1 = 1 kNm = 1 106 Nmm
T2 = 3 kNm = 3 106 Nmm
T3 = 6 kNm = 6 106 Nmm
Therefore, angle of twist at free end
= 1 + 2 + 3 (in anticlockwise direction)
T1L1 T L TL
= + 2 2 + 3 3
G1I P1 G 2 I P2 G 3 I P3
L T1 T2 T3
= + + [ Q L1= L2 = L3 & G1 = G2 = G3]
G I P1 I P2 I P3
500 1 10 6 3 10 6 6 10 6
= + +
80 10 3 40 4 4
60
4
80
32 32 32
180
= 0.4893 rad. = 0.4893 = 2.80O
35. The stepped steel shaft shown in fig. is subjected to a torque T at the free end and a torque of
2T in the opposite direction at the junction of the two sizes. What is the total angle of twist at the
free end, if the maximum shear stress in the shaft is limited to 70 MN/m. Take the modulus of
rigidity as 84 GN/m. Dr. B.A.M.U. [D 00]
2T
T
A
C
B 50 mm
100 mm
1.2 m 1.8 m
40 N/mm R
20 N/mm H
100 100
N/mm A P
N/mm +
O Q B C
20 N/mm
G
40 N/mm
Fig. (a) S
6) Torsion
8) Thin Cylinders
9) Strain Energy
A) Dr. B. A. M. U. Aurangabad
C) S. R. T. M. U. Nanded
Maharashtra, (INDIA)