BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECCTURE

Submitted by

D.ANUSUYA

(Reg.no.311416566001)

Of

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE

In

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI 600 025

NOV 2017
 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI 600 025

DECLARATION

This is to certify that the Dissertation Report of ANUSUYA.D,, II year (Batch 2016-
2016
2018) School of Architecture, Meenakshi College of Engineering, Chennai has been
approved on ___.05.2017.

Submitted for the university VIVA VOCE Examination held on ___________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this dissertation report is the bonafide work of ANUSUYA.D who
carried out the work under my supervision.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT DISSERTATION CO-ORDINATOR

DIRECTOR SUPERVISOR
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby express my sincere gratitude to School of Architecture,

Meenakshi College of Engineering, Chennai for giving me this opportunity to
carry out this dissertation as part of my coursework.

I owe my great thanks to people who helped and supported me during this
dissertation. My deepest thanks to Ar.VIDHYA, Ar. SURIYA PRAKASH who guided
and corrected me in this work. He / She have taken utmost care to guide me this
entire period.

I would also thank my institution and my faculty members without whom this
dissertation would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to
my family and well wishers.

DATE: Signature of the Candidate

Abstract:
The present dissertation has as major objective the investigation of the methods and
techniques of bioclimatic architecture. The mean of bioclimatic design as well as the need of
its integration in buildings will be analyzed compared with all the bioclimatic components
and principles adopted for the optimization of buildings thermal behaviour. More
specifically, the bioclimatic characteristics will be identified.

Different ways of adapting building to the climate compared and analyzed. With application
of cutting edge technology, bioclimatic building is based on much more advanced systems,
both passive and active. Also the respect towards nature is declared by most of the architects.
The dissertation deals with various materials used in bioclimatic architecture, the types and
components of bioclimatic architecture.

Bioclimatic architecture is defined as an architecture which has a connection with nature, it is

about a building that takes into account the climate and environmental conditions to favour
thermal comfort inside .This architecture seeks perfect cohesion between design and natural
elements (such as the sun,wind,rain and vegetation),leading us to an optimization of
resources .The case studies considered in the dissertation deals with the different innovative
methods dealed in bioclimatic architecture .
 Contents

Cover Page I

Declaration II

Bonafide certificate III

Acknowledgment IV

Abstract V

Table of Contents

Chapter: 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Purpose 1

1.3 Approach 2

1.4 Findings 2

1.5 Implications 2

1.6 Implications 2

1.7 Scope of study 2

1.8 Methodology 3

Chapter: 2

2.1 Bioclimatic Architecture 4

2.2 What is bioclimatic architecture? 5

2.3 The need for bioclimatic design integration in buildings 5

2.4 Bioclimatic design components 5

2.4.1 Climate Microclimate 5

2.4.2 Thermal comfort 6

2.4.3 The importance of thermal mass 8

2.5 The systems of bioclimatic design 9

2.5.1 Categories of bioclimatic design systems 9

2.6 Benefits of bioclimatic design 11

Chapter: 3

3.1 Basic concepts and techniques 12

3.2 Importance of Bioclimatic Architecture 12

3.3 Bioclimatic Architecture Principles 12

3.3.1 Exploitation of Solar Energy 14

3.3.2 Natural Lighting 14

3.3.3 Thermal Protection 15

3.3.4 System and Passive Cooling Techniques 15

3.3.5 Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Installations 16

3.3.6 Acoustic Protection 16

3.4 Bioclimatic Architecture Techniques 17

3.4.1 Passive Solar Architecture 17

3.4.2 Active Solar Architecture 18

3.4.3 Renewable Energy 18

3.4.4 Sustainable Architecture 18

Chapter: 4

4.1 Bioclimatic design in project development 20

4.2 Design complexity 20

4.3 Integration of the bioclimatic approach in design 21

4.3.1 Conventional design sequence 21

4.3.2. Bioclimatic design process 22

4.4 Design sequence 23

4.5 Design consideration and Sequence in Bioclimatic Architecture 24

4.5.1 Landform Orientation 25

4.5.2 Vegetation Pattern 26

4.5.3 Water Bodies 28

4.5.4 Street Widths and Orientation 28

4.5.5 Open Spaces and Built Form 29

4.5.6 Ground Character Different 31

4.5.7 Plan Form 32

4.5.8 Plan Elements 32

4.5.9 Building Orientation 34

4.5.10 Surface Area to Volume Ratio 34

4.5.11 Roof Form 35

4.5.12 Fenestration Configuration 36

Chapter: 5

5.1 The Major world climates 38

5.2 Hot and Dry Climate 38

5.2.1Building orientation and window area & placement 38

5.2.2 Shading devices 38

5.2.3 Walls 39

5.2.4 Building form and internal zoning 39

5.2.5 Additional passive design systems 39

5.2.6 Case Studies: Inspector general of Police complex, Gulbarga 40

5.2.7 Case Studies: Menara Mesiniaga Malaysia 42

5.3 Warm and Humid climate 49

 5.3.1 Building orientation and window area &placement 49

5.3.2 Shading devices 49

5.3.3 Walls 49

5.3.4 Building forms and internal zoning 49

5.3.5 Additional passive design systems 50

5.3.6 Case Studies Auroville Ecohouse, Auroville 50

5.4 Case studies CII Sohrabji Godrej Building 52

5.5 Case studies TERI, Bangalore 57

5.6 PEDA Building 61

Conclusion 65

Bibliography 66
 Table of contents

Table: No Title Pg.No

1.0 Flow chart showing methodology of the study 3

3.1 Comparison of the new set of proposed bioclimatic principles 13

61

Bioclimatic design resources and costs at each stage

4.4 Concept of the potential to introduce and integrate bioclimatic 24

design resources and energy efficiency

6.1 climatic data of different climate zone 38

Figure: No Title Pg.No

2.1 Olgyay Bioclimatic Chart 7

2.2 Possible locations of thermal mass 8

2.3 Generic Passive Solar Type 10

3.2 Exploitation of solar energy 14

3.3 The principle of natural day lighting 15

3.4 The principles of summer comfort 15

3.5 The Biomass Cycle 16

3.6 Geothermal heating 16

3.9 Cob House 19

3.10 Rain water harvesting 19

3.11 Green roof 19

3.12 Solar Shingles 19

4.1 Flowcharts for conventional design sequence 21

4.2. Bioclimatic design process: stages, testing, evaluation and feed-back 22

4.5 Landform Orientation 25

4.6 Pressure Difference caused by obstacles 25

4.7 Vegetation causes pressure differences which shifts the air path 26

4.8 Air flow pattern modification with landscaping 27

4.9 Water bodies absorb much heat during the day and reradiate it at night 28

4.10 Arrangement of building blocks to maximize airflow 28

4.11 Street widths in cold climates 29

4.12 Absorptive surfaces 29

4.13 open spaces and built form 30

4.14 Compact planning in the modern context 30

4.15 Compact planning in cold climates 30

4.16 Ground materials reflect, store and absorb heat to different degrees 31

4.17 Different plan forms have different perimeter to area ratio 32

4.18 The plan form of a building affects the airflow around and through it 32

4.19 Integration of vegetation 32

4.20 Integration of operable glazing at the roof level 33

4.21 Heat trapping systems 33

4.22 Wind catchers 33

4.23 Various roof forms and their areas of exposure 35

4.24 Roof as a light source Basic roof forms and their effect on ventilation 35

4.25 Basic roof forms and it effect on ventilation 35

4.26 Effect of window position on light and ventilation 36

5.1 Layout plan of I.G.P. Complex, Gulbarga 41

5.2 Photgraphs of IGP Complex, Gulbarga and sketch showing the 41

principle of a PDEC tower

 5.3 Elevation of Menara Mesiniaga 42

5.4 Site Plan of Menara Mesiniaga 43

5.5 Exoskeleton framework in the elevation 43

5.6 Curtain wall glazing in north and south side 44

5.7 Permeable external walls provides cross ventilation 44

5.8 Office areas use air conditioning, as shown by the yellow ellipse. 45

5.9 Energy saving system 46

5.10 Ventilation system 46

5.11 Appropriate shading devices to reduce overheating 47

5.12 Glazed curtain walling natural lighting 47

5.13 Sun roof on the Basement Parking 48

5.14 Basement Parking 48

5.15 Balconies of work place 48

5.16 Section of Ecohouse 51

5.17 Sketch plan of Ecohouse 51

5.18 View of Sohrabji Godrej Building 52

5.19 View of courtyards act as light wells. 53

5.20 Rain water absorbed used for different purposes 53

5.21 Rain water Water filter Slope given for the water flow 54

Outlet for water collection

5.22 Natural Lighting 54

5.23 Jali [Perforated] for bringing in Natural Light 55

5.24 Functions of jail 55

5.25 Solar System 56

5.26 Wind Tower 56

5.27 Wind Deflectors 56

5.28 Schematic layout of TERI Bangalore 57

5.29 Ground floor plan of Teri Bangalore 58

5.30 Open drain on the southern edge of TERI Bangalore 58

5.31 Abundant natural light is available in the work spaces. 58

5.32 A fresh environment is maintained inside the building 59

5.33 Terrace Garden detail 59

5.34 Abundant natural lights inside due to intelligently designed fenestrations 60

5.35 Section showing natural light 60

5.36 Section of Terrace Garden detail 61

5.37 View of Peda building 62

5.38 View of Water Bodies 62

5.39 View of overlap floor 63

5.40 Solar Panel 63

5.41 view of Peda building 64

5.42 view of Landscape Horticulture 64