ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF THE ELEMENTS

Atomic Atomic Atomic

Element Symbol Number Element Symbol Number Element Symbol Number

Actinium Ac 89 Gold Au 79 Praseodymium Pr 59

Aluminum Al 13 Hafnium Hf 72 Promethium Pm 61
Americium Am 95 Hassium Hs 108 Protactinium Pa 91
Antimony Sb 51 Helium He 2 Radium Ra 88
Argon Ar 18 Holmium Ho 67 Radon Rn 86
Arsenic As 33 Hydrogen H 1 Rhenium Re 75
Astatine At 85 Indium In 49 Rhodium Rh 45
Barium Ba 56 Iodine I 53 Roentgenium Rg 111
Berkelium Bk 97 Iridium Ir 77 Rubidium Rb 37
Beryllium Be 4 Iron Fe 26 Ruthenium Ru 44
Bismuth Bi 83 Krypton Kr 36 Rutherfordium Rf 104
Bohrium Bh 107 Lanthanum La 57 Samarium Sm 62
Boron B 5 Lawrencium Lr 103 Scandium Sc 21
Bromine Br 35 Lead Pb 82 Seaborgium Sg 106
Cadmium Cd 48 Lithium Li 3 Selenium Se 34
Calcium Ca 20 Lutetium Lu 71 Silicon Si 14
Californium Cf 98 Magnesium Mg 12 Silver Ag 47
Carbon C 6 Meitnerium Mt 109 Sodium Na 11
Cerium Ce 58 Manganese Mn 25 Strontium Sr 38
Cesium Cs 55 Mendelevium Md 101 Sulphur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17 Mercury Hg 80 Tantalum Ta 73
Chromium Cr 24 Molybdenum Mo 42 Technetium Tc 43
Cobalt Co 27 Neodymium Nd 60 Tellurium Te 52
Copper Cu 29 Neon Ne 10 Terbium Tb 65
Curium Cm 96 Neptunium Np 93 Thallium Tl 81
Darmstadtium Ds 110 Nickel Ni 28 Thorium Th 90
Dubnium Db 105 Niobium Nb 41 Thulium Tm 69
Dysprosium Dy 66 Nitrogen N 7 Tin Sn 50
Einsteinium Es 99 Nobelium No 102 Titanium Ti 22
Erbium Er 68 Osmium Os 76 Tungsten W 74
Europium Eu 63 Oxygen O 8 Uranium U 92
Fermium Fm 100 Palladium Pd 46 Vanadium V 23
Fluorine F 9 Phosphorus P 15 Xenon Xe 54
Francium Fr 87 Platinum Pt 78 Ytterbium Yb 70
Gadolinium Gd 64 Plutonium Pu 94 Yttrium Y 39
Gallium Ga 31 Polonium Po 84 Zinc Zn 30
Germanium Ge 32 Potassium K 19 Zirconium Zr 40

RADIOACTIVITY SYMBOLS

4 4 0 0 0
, He e
2 2 1 , 1 0

1 1 1
n p H
0 1 , 1

Science 10 Data Page 1

 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Data Page 2
1 + 1
H H 18
Hydrogen Hydrogen 2 0
1.0 METALS NON-METALS 1.0 He
Helium

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 4.0
Atomic Number 22 4+
3+ Ion charge(s)
3 + 4 2+ Symbol Ti 5 6 7 3 8 2 9 10 0
Li Be Name Titanium B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Atomic Mass 47.9
6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 + 12 2+ 13 3+ 14 15 3 16 2 17 18 0
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
23.0 24.3 11 12 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
19 + 20 2+ 21 3+ 22 4+ 23 5+ 24 3+ 25 2+ 26 3+ 27 2+ 28 2+ 29 2+ 30 2+ 31 3+ 32 4+ 33 3 34 2 35 36 0
3+ 4+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 1+
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn 4+ Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 + 38 2+ 39 3+ 40 4+ 41 3+ 42 2+ 43 7+ 44 3+ 45 3+ 46 2+ 47 + 48 2+ 49 3+ 50 4+ 51 3+ 52 2 53 54 0
5+ 3+ 4+ 4+ 4+ 2+ 5+ Te I Xe
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 + 56 2+ 57 3+ 72 4+ 73 5+ 74 6+ 75 4+ 76 3+ 77 3+ 78 4+ 79 3+ 80 2+ 81 1+ 82 2+ 83 3+ 84 2+ 85 86 0
7+ 4+ 4+ 2+ 1+ 1+ 3+ 4+ 5+ Po 4+ At Rn
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 + 88 2+ 89 3+ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Ununbium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) (281) (272) (285) (284) (289) (288) (292) (?) (294)

Alkali Alkaline Halogens Noble

Metals Earth Gases
Metals
58 3+ 59 3+ 60 3+ 61 3+ 62 3+ 63 3+ 64 3+ 65 3+ 66 3+ 67 3+ 68 3+ 69 3+ 70 3+ 71 3+
4+ 4+ 4+ 2+ 4+ 2+ 2+ Lu
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Based on mass of C-12 at 12.00. 168.9 173.0 175.0
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3

Any value in parentheses 90 4+ 91 5+ 92 6+ 93 5+ 94 4+ 95 3+ 96 3+ 97 3+ 98 3+ 99 3+ 100 3+ 101 2+ 102 2+ 103 3+

4+ 4+ 3+ 4+ 4+ 3+ 3+
is the mass of the most Th Pa U 5+
Np 4+
Pu 6+ 3+ Am 5+ Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
stable or best known isotope for Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium 6+ Plutonium 5+ Americium6+ Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
elements which do not occur naturally. 232.0 231.0 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)

Science 10
 pH SCALE
baking oven

Science 10
stomach lemon grapes tomatoes bananas milk water eggs soda soap ammonia bleach cleaner

[H+]

NH3

[OH]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1445442445443
Acidic Neutral Basic

Methyl Orange RED YELLOW

Methyl Red RED YELLOW

Bromthymol Blue YELLOW BLUE

Litmus RED BLUE

Phenolphthalein COLOURLESS PINK

Indigo Carmine BLUE YELLOW

Data Page 3
 NAMES, FORMULAE AND CHARGES OF SOME POLYATOMIC IONS

Positive Ions Negative Ions

NH4+ Ammonium CH3COO Acetate HCO3 Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate NO2 Nitrite

CO32 Carbonate HSO4 Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate ClO4 Perchlorate

ClO3 Chlorate HS Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide MnO4 Permanganate

ClO2 Chlorite HSO3 Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite PO43 Phosphate

CrO42 Chromate OH Hydroxide PO33 Phosphite

CN Cyanide ClO Hypochlorite SO42 Sulphate

Cr2O72 Dichromate NO3 Nitrate SO32 Sulphite

PREFIXES COMMON ISOTOPE PAIRS CHART

1 mono
Isotope
Half-life of Parent
2 di (years)
Parent Daughter
3 tri
4 tetra Carbon-14 Nitrogen-14 5730
5 penta Uranium-235 Lead-207 710 million
6 hexa Potassium-40 Argon-40 1.3 billion
7 hepta
Uranium-238 Lead-206 4.5 billion
8 octa
Thorium-235 Lead-208 14 billion
9 nona
Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 47 billion
10 deca

UNITS AND
ABBREVIATIONS EQUATIONS OF MOTION

Quantity Unit Symbol

d v v = vf v i
distance (d) metre m vav = a=
t t
second s
d = vav t v = at v i = vf v
minute min
time (t)
d v
hour h t = t = v f = vi + v
vav a
year a

Data Page 4 Science 10

 THE CARBON CYCLE
DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE
atmospheric

Science 10
sun 750 CO2
CO2 in atmosphere P CO2
H
O
T
O
CELLULAR RESPIRATION S 5.5
Y
N fossil fuel
T combustion 1.5 0.5
H
E change in land use
S (e.g. agriculture)
I
S

540 610
terrestrial
vegetation 90 92

60 61 sea surface
gas exchange
plant growth
and decay

DECOMPOSITION 3
marine life
1600 700 3000

organic matter dissolved coal

in soil organic carbon 50 40

CARBON CYCLE KEY 300

100 92
carbon stores oil and gas deposit
e.g. 38 000 40 000 circulation of
in gigatonnes
intermediate and deep water
carbon exchange 38 000 40 000
e.g. 100 92 in gigatonnes per year 68 000 000 100 000 000
marine sediments and sedimentary rock

Data Page 5
 BIOMES OF THE WORLD

Data Page 6
Tropic of Cancer 23.5N

Equator 0

Tropic of Capricorn 23.5S

W E

Boreal Forest Permanent Ice Tropical Rain Forest

Desert Temperate Deciduous Forest Tundra

Grassland Temperate Rain Forest

Science 10
 GEOLOGICAL TIME

ERA PERIOD EPOCH TIME (Ma) TECTONIC PLATE MAPS LITHOSPHERE

Holocene
Quaternary 0.01
Ice sheets advance then
Pleistocene retreat in Northern Hemisphere
1.6
C Glaciation intensifies
Pliocene
E
N 5.3 Grand Canyon forming
O Miocene Present
Z 24
O Tertiary
I Oligocene
C 34 Beginning of modern ice ages
Eocene Himalayan Mountains forming

55
Paleocene
65 40 Ma Climate warmer than present
causing higher sea level
M Cretaceous
E
S 145
O Rocky Mountains forming
Z Jurassic
O 200
Atlantic Ocean forming
I
C Triassic Pangea breaking apart
150 Ma
251
Glaciation in
Pangea Southern Hemisphere
Permian
Pangea forming
300

Abundant deposition
Carboniferous
of organic material, source
P of future fossil fuels
A 355 270 Ma
L
E Devonian
O
Z 418
O Multicellular life on land
I Silurian
C Glaciers retreat
441
Glaciers form at poles
Ordovician Tropical climate at equator
490
400 Ma
Burgess shale deposited
Cambrian
Abundant fossils
544
P appear in rock record
R
E
C Multicellular aquatic life
A
M
B Red iron oxide deposits
R 540 Ma
I Single cell aquatic life
A
N
4600 Formation of the Earth
Time Ma Dates according to Geological Time Scale, 1999. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 3040.
It is recognized that there is some variation in the dates given in the literature.

Science 10 Data Page 7

 THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

Data Page 8
weathering
industrial
waste 10

ocean marine
life 2
fresh water
200

7 guano bird
islands
terrestrial
.01 organisms
fish harvest 4000

uptake by
terrestrial
fertilizers organisms
leaching 200
50 into soil
runoff and
leaching
100
dissolved in
plant and waterways
phosphate decomposers
in soil animal waste mineable
soil phosphate
plant
dissolving 10 000 60 000
and animal
weathering waste 1000
Earths
mining crust
phosphate
(phosphate fertilizers
rocks 20 000 000 000
and detergents)

ocean PHOSPHORUS CYCLE KEY

sediments numbers represent flows
200 in millions of metric tons
100 000 000 (1012g) per year
shallow ocean
sediments numbers represent stored
geologic uplift amounts in millions of metric
4000
tons (1012g)

Science 10
Different sources will provide varying information.
 THE NITROGEN CYCLE

Science 10
Atmosphere: primarily N2 with traces of NH3, NO, NO2 N2, NH3, NO, NO2, NO3
NO, NO2 NH3 NH3
acid precipitation
HNO3
nitrogen oxides
from transportation C
and industry O N2 ATMOSPHERIC FIXATION (lightning) NO3
N fertilizer
V application ash
E
R NH4+, NO3
S
I
O
N sewage and fertilizers dissolved NH4+, NO3
T
O G AND RUNOFF S
LEACHIN
E
G D
A I
N S M
I NH4+ E
T NO3 N
R T
O plants A
G T
E I U
N N2 O P
N T
NH4+ A
F
I K
X UPTAKE BY PLANTS E
A D
T decaying plant B
nitrogen-fixing E Y
I and animal waste N
O bacteria in root I P
N nodules of legumes T L
R A
I N
F denitrifying T
decomposers I S
bacteria
(bacteria and fungi) C
A NH4+, NO3
T
I
O
N
nitrogen-fixing nitrifying nitrifying
soil bacteria bacteria bacteria
NITROGEN FIXATION NH4+ NITRIFICATION NO2 NITRIFICATION NO3
DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

Data Page 9
 MAP OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

D
EN
AL
IF
KA

AU
AS

LT
AL

CH
N TREN
UTIA
ALE

YU
KO
N
N.W
.T .
PACIFIC

LT
B.C
PLATE .

FAU
STIKINE
QUEEN CHARLOTTE VOLCAN

TA
BELT IC

ER
ALB
ANAHIM
VOLCAN
EXPLORER RIDGE BELT IC
EXPLORER
PLATE
NORTH
CA AMERICAN
FU
DE PLATE
AN E
JU IDG
R JUAN DE Mt. Baker
FUCA
PLATE WA
SH.

K.
MON

SAS
Mt. St. Helens TAN
A
E
G
ID
R
S

A
OE

D
LC DE

R
O
G GORDA
VO SCA
AN

PLATE
CA

N
OR
W CAL EG
ON
IF. Yellowstone
E IDA
G

NEV
SAN

HO
MIIN

S ADA
WYO
AND

UTAH
REA

LEGEND
SF

Transform boundary
AUL

RADO

Convergent boundary
T

COLO

Divergent boundary
ARIZ
Plate movement ONA

Volcanoes

Data Page 10 Science 10

 TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES MAP

Science 10
Eurasian Plate
North American Plate
Juan
De Fuca
Plate

Cocos Plate African

Mi
d- Plate

At
Pacific Plate

ise
Nazca Plate South Indian-Australian
American Plate

lantic Ridge
Plate

East Pacific R
N

W E

Antarctic Plate S

Divergent boundary Convergent boundary Transform boundary Mountains

Plate movement relative to the African Plate Volcanoes

Data Page 11