Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgment
3. Circuit Diagram
5. Procedures
6. Precautions
7. Bibliography
CERTIFICATE
carried out by her supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in the project
has not been submitted in the part or full or any another school or institution.
Teacher, who has been guiding force for my Report on Electronic Rain Alarm.
out the appropriate material for this Report, without them making this report would have
been impossible.
(Monica Bhutta)
XII (Medical)
LIST OF COMPONENTS
(9) Screws
+3V
NPN BC 546
Resistance 330 K PNP BC 368
Loud Speaker
-3 V
8 Ohms
Resistance 10
K 0.04 F
WATER
SENSOR
PROCEDURE:
The electronic circuit is an audio oscillator using PNP (BC-368) and NPN (BC-
546) transistors. The frequency of oscillator upon condenser 0.04 mfd. Resistance
10K gives stability to oscillator circuit. The Resistance 330K is extended to form
extended to form external circuit (with water drops) using copper wires as probes.
The water drop, because of some conduction complete, the circuit. It gives tone in
the speaker. The circuit operate on two battery cells each of 1.5 Volts.
PRECAUTIONS:
When the water drops between probes produces sounds wiping the wires clean
CAPACITOR
In a way, a capacitor is a little like a battery. Although
they work in completely different ways, capacitors and
batteries both store electrical energy. If you have
read How Batteries Work, then you know that a
battery has two terminals. Inside the battery,
chemical reactions produce electrons on one
terminal and absorb electrons at the other
terminal.
In an electronic circuit, a capacitor is shown like this:
RESISTOR
Resistance in general is how hard it is for electric current to flow through a given
material. It is measured in ohms.
TRANSISTOR
Semiconductors may best be described as a group of
materials that have the electrical properties of both
metals and non-metals (insulators). Semiconductors are
especially important because varying conditions like temperature and impurity
content can easily alter their conductivity.
Integrated Circuits such as the one shown above are possible because of the
extensive knowledge of semiconductors.
Loud Speaker
A loudspeaker, or speaker, is an
electromechanical transducer which converts an
electrical signal into sound. The term loudspeaker
is used to refer to both the device itself, and a
complete system consisting of one or more
loudspeaker drivers (as the individual units are
often called) in an enclosure. The loudspeaker is the most variable element in an
audio system, and is responsible for marked audible differences between systems.
BIBLIOGRAPHY