Complex Variable

= f(z)

=u+iv

f (z) = u +iv Cartesian

Where u & v f (x,y)

f (z) is analytic when its satisfies CR eqn

Ux = Vy 1 (z) = Ux iUy

Uy = - Vx 1 (z) =Vy + iVx

In Polar Form U & V f ( r, )

=1

= -r Vr

2 2
Laplace eqn : 2 + 2 = 0

2 1 1 2
+ + =0
2 2 2

1. Show that the following functions are analytic and find their derivatives
1.
2.
3. sin

Solution :-

F(z) = sinhz

=sinh ( x+iy)

= sinhx coshiy + coshx sinhiy

MATHS-3 LMR NOTES BY RUCHI TAWANI-9870094748 Page 1

 = sinhxcosy + icoshx siny

U = sinh x cos y V = cosh x sin y

Ux = cosh x cos y Vx = sinh x sin y

Uy = - sinh x sin y Vy = cosh x cos y

Ux = Vy & Uy = - Vx

C R equations are satisfied

F(z) = sinhz is analytic

1 (z) = -Ux + iVx

= cosh x cos y + isinh x sin y

= cosh x coshiy + sinhx sinhiy

= cosh ( x + iy )

= cosh z

2. f(z) =
f(z) = ( x + iy ) +
= ( x+ iy ) ( cosy + isin y )
U = ( xcosy ysiny ) V = ( x siny + y cos y )
Ux = cosy ( + xe ) ysiny
Uy = x cos y - ( y cos y + sin y )
Vx = siny ( + x ) + y cos y
Vy = x cos y + (- ysin y + cos y )

Ux= Vy

Uy =-Vx

F (z) = z is analytic

1 (z) = z + = (z+1)

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 3. f(z) =sin z
= sin ( x + iy )
= sin x cos iy +cos x sin iy
= sinx cosh y + i cos x sinh y

U = sin x cosh y
V = cos x sinh y

Ux = cos x coshy Vx = -sin x sinhy

Uy = - sin x sinhy Vy = cos x coshy

Ux = Vy

Uy = -Vx

F(z) is analytic

1 (z) = cosz

2. S. T () = ||2 , || 0 is analytic and find 1 (z)

Solution

() = 2 + 2 = -i
2 + 2 2 + 2

U = 2 + 2 v = 2 + 2

Same as above

4. If U, V are harmonic conjugate function show that uv IS Harmonic function

F(z) = u + iv be analytic
Ux = Vy
Uy=-Vx
U & V are also harmonic
2 2 2 2
+ 2 = 0 & + 2 = 0
2 2

MATHS-3 LMR NOTES BY RUCHI TAWANI-9870094748 Page 3


(uv) = +

2 2 2
(uv) = + u 2 + + v 2

2 2 2
(uv) = u 2 + v 2 + 2 ..1

2 2 2
2 (uv) = u
+v +2 ..2
2 2

Adding 1 & 2
2 2
(uv) + (uv) = 0
2 2

UV is Harmonic

Type I :- Only Real Part U is given

Step :-
1. Ux & Uy
2. 1 (z) = Ux iuy
3. Milne Thomson theorem = , = 0
4. Int BS to get f (z)
5. Subs z = x + iy to get V

Type 02 :- Only Imaginary part V is given

Steps : -

1. Vx & Vy
2. 1 (z) = Vy + iVx
3. Milne Thomson thm x=z , y=o
4. Int BS

MATHS-3 LMR NOTES BY RUCHI TAWANI-9870094748 Page 4


Q . V = 2+ 2
( 2 + 2 ) 1()2
Vx = ( 2 + 2 )2
2 2 + 2
= ( 2 + 2 )2

( 2 + 2 ) (1)()2 2 2 + 2
Vy = =
( 2 + 2 )2 ( 2 + 2 )2
1 (z) = Vy + iVx
( 2 2 +2) ( 2 2 +2)
= = +i
( 2 + 2 )2 ( 2 + 2 )2

Milne Thomson Theorem

X=2

Y=
1 1
1 (z) = - 2 = (1+i)
2 2

Inst BS
1
1 (z)d z = 2 ( 1 + i) dz

2+1
(z) = - ( 1+ i) + c
2+1

(1+ i)
(z) = +c

Type 03 & 04

U-V is given or U + V is given

For u-v is given

1. U = u-v
2. ( 1+ i) 1 (z) = Ux-iUy
3. Apply Milne Thomson thm x = z , y = o
4. Int BS

For U + V is given

1. V = u + v

MATHS-3 LMR NOTES BY RUCHI TAWANI-9870094748 Page 5

 2. ( 1 + i ) 1 (z) = Vy + i Vx
3. Apply Milne Thomson Thm x=z , y = o
4. Int BS
2 2 2
Note :- ( 2 + 2 ) = 4

1. If f(z) is analytic function

2 2
P.T . ( 2 + ) | () |2 = 4| 1 () | 2
2

Solution :-

F(z) = u + iv

= u iv
F ()

|()|2 = 2 + 2 = ( u + iv) ( u iv ) = () ()

1 (z) = Ux + iVx

1 () = Ux- iVx

| 1 ()|2 = 2 + 2 = 1 (z) 1 ()

2 2
LHS : ( 2 + ) | () |2
2

42
= () ()

= 4 [ () ()]

= 4 [() ()]

= 4 [() 1 ()]

= 4 1 () 1 ()

= 4 | 1 ()|2 ..RHS

MATHS-3 LMR NOTES BY RUCHI TAWANI-9870094748 Page 6

Q2. If () is analytic fuction

2 2
P.T. ( 2 + ) log | 1 ()| = 0
2

Solution :-
1
Log | 1 ()| = 2 log | 1 ()|2

| 1 ()| = 1 (z) 1 ()
1
Log | 1 ()| = log [ 1 (z) 1 ()]
2

1 1
= log 1 (z) + 2 log 1 ()
2

2 2
LHS ( 2 + ) log | 1 ()|
2

2
= 4 log | 1 ()|

2 1 1
=4 [2 1 () + 1 () ]
2

2 2
= 2 log 1 () + 2 1 ()

= 2 [ 1 ()]+ 2 [ 1 ()]

=0+0

= 0

MATHS-3 LMR NOTES BY RUCHI TAWANI-9870094748 Page 7

 2. For () = 3 , verify that curves u = 1 and v =2 cut orthogonally where 1 and
2 are constants & f(z) = u + iv

Solution : -
F(z) = ( x + iy)3 = 3 + 3i 2 - 3x 2 - iy 3

U = 3 - 3 2
V = 3 2 y - 3

Ux = 3 2 - 3 2 Vx = 6xy
Uy = -6xy Vy = 3 2 -3 2

3( 2 2 )
1 = ( )=1 = - = 6

6
2 =( )=2 = - = 3( 2 2 )

1 2 = -1

Families cut orthogonally

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