12/18/2017 Son - Wikipedia

Son
A son is a male offspring; a boy or man in
relation to his parents. The female counterpart
is a daughter.

Contents
Etymology
Social issues regarding sons
King Chulalongkorn of Siam (far right) with a few of his 33 sons at
Specialized use of the term son
Eton College in 1897
Christian symbolism
In Semitic names
Indications in names
References
External links

Etymology
Son as a word originated before 900 BCE; from Middle English sone, Old English sunu; cognate with Dutch zoon, German
Sohn, Old Norse sunr, sonr, Gothic sunus, Lithuanian sns ultimately from Sanskrit snus

Social issues regarding sons

In pre-industrial societies and some current countries with agriculture-based economies, a higher value was, and still is,
assigned to sons rather than daughters, giving males higher social status, because males were physically stronger, and
could perform farming tasks more effectively.

In China, a One-child Policy was in effect until 2015 in order to address rapid population growth. Official birth records
showed a rise in the level of male births since the policy was brought into law. This was attributed to a number of factors,
including the illegal practice of sex-selective abortion and widespread under-reporting of female births.

In patrilineal societies, sons will customarily inherit an estate before daughters.[1]

In some cultures, the eldest son has special privileges. For example, in Biblical times, the first-born male was bequeathed
the most goods from their father. Some Japanese social norms involving the eldest son are: "that parents are more likely to
live with their eldest child if their eldest child is a son" and "that parents are most likely to live with their eldest son even if
he is not the eldest child".[2]

Specialized use of the term son

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Christian symbolism
Among Christians, "the Son" or Son of God refers to Jesus Christ. Trinitarian
Christians view Jesus as the human incarnation of God the second person of
the Trinity, known as God the Son. In the Gospels, Jesus sometimes refers to
himself as the Son of Man.

In Semitic names
The Arabic word for son is ibn. Because family and ancestry are important
cultural values in the Arab World and Islam, Arabs and most Muslims (e.g.
Bruneian) often use bin, which is a form of ibn, in their full names. The bin
here means "son of." For example, the Arab name "Saleh bin Tarif bin Khaled
Al-Fulani" translates as "Saleh, son of Tarif, son of Khaled; of the family Al-
Fulani" (cf. Arab family naming conventions). Accordingly, the opposite of
ibn/bin is abu, meaning "the father of." It is a retronym, given upon the birth
of one's first-born son, and is used as a moniker to indicate the newly acquired
Miniature in Les Trs Riches Heures
fatherhood status, rather than a family name. For example, if Mahmoud's first-
du Duc de Berry depicting the
born son is named Abdullah, from that point on Mahmoud can be called "Abu Baptism of Jesus, where God the
Abdullah." Father proclaimed Jesus to be his
Son.
This is cognate with the Hebrew language ben, as in "Judah ben Abram
HaLevi," which means "Judah, son of Abram, the Levite." Ben is also a
standalone name.

Indications in names
In many cultures, the surname of the family means "son of", indicating a possible ancestryi.e., that the whole family
descends from a common ancestor. It may vary between the beginning or the termination of the surname.

Arabic

bin or ibn. Example: "Ibn Sina" ("son of Sina"), "Ibn Khaldun" ("son of Khaldun"), etc.

Berber

U (often misspelled as: ou). Examples: "Usadden" ("son of Sadden"), "Uli" ("son of li").
Ayt (often misspelled as: ait or at). Examples: "Ayt Buyafar" ("sons of Buyafar"), "Ayt Mellul" ("sons of Mellul").
N ayt or Nayt (often misspelled as: nait or nat). Examples: "N ayt Ndir" ("son of the Ndir tribe/family"), "Nat Zerrad"
("son of the Zerrad tribe or family").

Danish

Sen. Example: "Henriksen" ("son of Henrik"), "Jensen" ("son of Jens"), "Andersen" ("son of Anders"), etc.

Dutch

Sen. Example: "Jansen" ("son of Jan"), "Petersen" ("son of Peter"), "Pietersen" ("son of Pieter")
Zoon. Example: "Janszoon" ("son of Jan"), "Peterszoon" ("son of Peter"), "Pieterszoon" ("son of Pieter")

English
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s. Example: "Edwards" ("son of Edward"), "Williams" ("son of William"), "Jeffreys" ("son of Jeffrey")
Son. Example: "Jefferson" ("son of Jeffrey"), "Wilson" ("son of William"), "Edson" ("son of Edward"), "Anderson" ("son
of Ander"), etc.

French

es. Example: "Fernandes" ("son of Fernand"), etc.

ot. Example: "Pierrot" ("son of Pierre"), etc.
de. Example: "Danton" ("son of Anton"), etc.

Hebrew

ben or bin before 1300 BC. Example: "Benjamin" ("son of a right-hand man"). Also, the Hebrew word for "person" is
ben Adam, meaning "son of Adam".

Hindi

beta. Example: "Mera beta Tim" ("my son Tim").

. Example " " ("my son Tim").

Hungarian

-fi or -ffy. Example: "Petfi" ("son of Pet"), "Sndorfi" ("son of Sndor"), "Pterffy" ("son of Pter") (archaic spelling,
indicates aristocratic origins), etc.

Irish

Mac or Mc. Example: "MacThomas" ("son of Thomas"), "MacDonald" ("son of Donald"), "MacLean" ("son of Lean"),
etc.

Italian

di. Example: "di Stefano" ("son of Steven"), "di Giovanni" ("son of John"), "di Giuseppe" ("son of Joseph"), etc.
de. Example: "de Paolo" ("son of Paul"), "de Mauro" ("son of Maurus"), "de Giorgio" ("son of George") etc.
d`. Example: "d'Antonio" ("son of Anthony"), "d'Adriano" ("son of Adrian"), "d'Agostino" ("son of Augustine") etc.;
-i, which comes from Latin ending for Genitive. Example: "Paoli" ("son of Paolo"), "Richetti" ("son of Richetto, a short
name for Enrico") etc.;

Norwegian

Son. Example: "Magnusson" ("son of Magnus"); "Sigurdsson" ("son of Sigurd"), "Odinson" ("son of Odin"), etc.

Persian

pur/pour. Example: "Mahdipur" ("son of Mahdi").

zadeh. Example: "Muhammadzadeh" ("son/daughter of Muhammad").

Tagalog

Anak Example: mga Anak ni Pedro (son and daughter of Pedro)

Polish

ski. Example: "Janowski" ("son of John"), "Piotrowski" ("son of Peter"), "Michalski" ("son of Michael"), etc.

Portuguese
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Es. Example: "Gonalves" ("son of Gonalo"), "Henriques" ("son of Henrique"), "Fernandes" ("son of Fernando"), etc.

Romanian

a as prefix (except for female names that start in a and probably for others that start in vowels) & ei as suffix.
Example: "Amariei" ("son of Mary"), "Adomnitei" ("son of Domnita"), "Alenei" ("son of Elena/Leana"), etc.
escu or sometimes acu comes from the Latin -iscus which means "belonging to the people". Example: "Petrescu"
("Petre's son"), "Popescu" ("Popa's son" Popa meaning Priest), "Constantinescu" ("son of Constantin"), etc.

Russian

ski or sky, pronounced /ski/, meaning simply "of". Example: "Stanislavski" ("son of Stanislav").
ov /f/, ovich /vt/, or ovski /fski/. Example: "Ivanov" ("son of Ivan"), "Davidovich" ("son of David"), "Petrovski"
("son of Peter"), etc.
ev /f/, evich /vt/, or evski /fski/. Example: "Dmitriev" ("son of Dmitri"), "Danilevich" ("son of Daniel"),
"Vorobyevski" ("son of a sparrow"), etc.

Spanish

Ez. Example: "Gonzlez" ("son of Gonzalo"), "Henrquez" ("son of Henrique"), "Fernndez" ("son of Fernando"),
Gmez ("son of Gome"), Snchez ("son of Sancho"), etc.

Turkish

olu. Examples: "Elbeyiolu" ("son of foreigner Bey"), "Aaolu" ("son of Aa"), "Yusufolu" ("son of Yusuf"), etc.
zade. Examples: "Beyzade" (son of a Bey), "Akpaazade" ("son of Ashik Paa), "Mehmedzade" (son of Mehmet),
etc.

Ukrainian

-enko or -ko, meaning simply "son of". Example: "Kovalenko" ("son of Koval")

Welsh

ap or ab. Example: "ap Rhys" ("son of Rhys", anglicized to "Price"), "ab Owain" ("son of Owen", anglicized to Bowen)
etc.

References
1. James Peoples; Garrick Bailey (1 January 2011). Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (https://books.g
oogle.com/books?id=hmjO2VqMNIMC&pg=PA195). Cengage Learning. pp. 194196. ISBN 978-1-111-30152-1.
Retrieved 25 October 2012.
2. "Is the Eldest Son Different? The Residential Choice of Siblings in Japan" (http://www.nber.org/papers/w12655).
Retrieved October 24, 2012.

External links
The dictionary definition of son at Wiktionary

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Son&oldid=815610615"

This page was last edited on 15 December 2017, at 22:28.

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