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Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 16.1
1 , if 1 x 4 x1 t
x
x 1
3. a. f ( x) = 3 j. If 1 x 4, F ( x) = dt = = .
1 3 31 3
0, otherwise
f(x) 0, if x < 1
x 1
1 Thus F ( x) = , if 1 x 4
3
1, if x > 4.
1
3 x 2 1 1
P( X < 2) = F (2) = =
1 4 3 3
2 2
73 P(1 < X < 3) = F (3) F (1) = 0 =
3 7 2 3 3
b. P < X < = 2 2 = F(x)
2 2 4 1 3
3
1 2
c. P(0 < X < 1) = 0 dx = 0
0 1
3.5 1 2.5 5
= = =
4 1 3 6 1 , if 0 x 5
4. a. f ( x) = 5
0, otherwise
43 1
e. P( X > 3) = P(3 < X 4) = = f(x)
4 1 3 1
f. P(X = 2) = 0
1
4 1 5 x
g. P( X < 5) = P (1 X 4) = =1
4 1 5
4 3 1 2
4 1 x2 16 1 5 b. =
h. = x dx = = = 50 5
1 3 6
1
6 6 2
5 4.5 0.5 1
c. = =
4 21 50 5 10
i. =2
x dx 2
1 3
4 2 d. P(X = 4) = 0
x3 5
=
9 2 52 3
1 e. P( X > 2) = P(2 < X 5) = =
64 1 25 50 5
=
9 9 4
50
25 f. P( X < 5) = P(0 X 5) = =1
= 7 50
4
3
=
4 g. P( X > 5) = 0dx = 0
5
3 3
Thus, = = .
4 2 5
5 1 x2 25 5
h. = x dx = = 0 =
0 5 10 10 2
0
667
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 16: Continuous Random Variables ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis
5 b 1
2 = x2
2
5 2 1 x3 5 c. dx
2
i. =2
x dx 2 = a b a
0 5 15
0
2
b 2
125 25 25 25 25 x3 a+b
= 0 = = =
3(b a ) 2
15 4 3 4 12 a
25 5 5 3 b3 a 3 ( a + b) 2
Thus = = = . =
12 12 6 3(b a) 4
b2 + ab + a 2 a 2 + 2ab + b 2
x1 t
x
x =
j. If 0 x 5, F ( x) = dt = = 3 4
0 5 50 5
b 2 2ab + a 2 (b a)2
0, if x < 0 = =
12 12
Thus F ( x) = 5x , if 0 x 5 ba
Thus = .
1, if x > 5 12
3.5 1
P(1 < X < 3.5) = F (3.5) F (1) = b
5 5 6. a. a k dx = 1
1 b
kx a = 1
=
2 k (b a) = 1
F(x)
1 1
k=
ba
Thus X is uniformly distributed.
x b. If a x b
5 x
x 1 1 xa
F ( x) = dt = t =
a ba ba a ba
1 , if a x b
5. a. f ( x) = b a 0, if x < a
0, otherwise
Thus F ( x) = bx aa if a x b
b
1 if x > b
b 1 x2
b. = x dx =
a ba 2(b a)
a
2e2 x , if x 0
b a2 2
a+b 7. f ( x) =
= = 0, if x < 0
2(b a ) 2
2
a. P(1 < X < 2) = 2e2 x dx
1
2
= e2 x
1
= e4 + e2
0.11702
3
b. P( X < 3) = 2e 2 x dx
0
3
= e 2 x
0
6
= e + 1
0.99752
668
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 16.1
c. P( X > 5) = 1 P( X 5) 1
5
e. P (0 < X < c ) =
2 x
= 1 2e dx 2
0 c 0.5 x 1
5
= 1 e 2 x
0 0.5e dx =
2
0
e0.5 x
c
=
1
10
= 1 ( e + 1) 0 2
1
= e10 0.00005 e0.5c + 1 =
2
1
1 1 e 0.5c =
d. From the text, = = = . 2
k 2 1
0.5c = ln
1 3 2
P( 2 < X < + 2 ) = P < X <
2 2 0.5c = ln 2
3/2 c = 2 ln 2
= 2e2 x dx
0
3/2
= e 2 x
4
0
9. a. 0 kx dx = 1
= e 3 + 1 4
kx 2
0.95021 =1
2
0
e. F ( x) = P( X x) =
x
f (t ) dt 8k = 1
1
If x 0, k=
8
x x
F ( x) = 2e2t dt = e2t = e 2 x + 1.
0 0 3
x2 3x 9 4
0 if x<0 b. P(2 < X < 3) = dx = =
Thus F ( x) = 2 x 28 16 16 16
e + 1 if x0 2
5
=
0.5e0.5 x , if x 0 16
8. f ( x) =
0, if x < 0 4
x 4x2
c. P( X > 2.5) = dx =
4 2.5 8 16
0.5 x
a. P( X > 4) = 1 P( X 4) = 1 0.5e dx 2.5
0
25 39
= 1 = 0.609
( ) 0 = 1 ( e )
4
0.5 x 2 2 64 64
= 1 e +1 = e 0.135
d. P(X > 0) = P(0 X 4) = 1
2.6 0.5 x
b. P(0.5 < X < 2.6) = 0.5e dx 4
0.5
4 x x3 64 8
2.6 e. = x dx = = 0 =
= e0.5 x = e1.3 + e0.25 0.506 0 8 24
0
24 3
0.5
5 4 2
5
P( X < 5) = 0.5e0.5 x dx = e0.5 x 4 2 x x4 8
c.
0 0
f. =
2
x dx 2 =
0 8 32 3
2.5 0
= e + 1 0.918
64 8
= 8 =
d. P(X = 4) = 0 9 9
8 8 2 2
Thus = = =
9 3 3
669
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 16: Continuous Random Variables ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis
1 10 / 3 x
g. P( X < c) = d. P(2 < X < ) = 1 dx
2 2 2
cx 1 10 / 3
0 8 dx = 2 x2
=
x
4
c 2
x2 1
= 25 10 4
16
0
2 = (1 2) =
2
9 3 9
c 1
=
16 2 7
7 1 x 7
2 11. P( X 7) = dx = =
c =8 0 10 10 0 10
c = 2 2 10
10 1 x2
We choose c = 2 2 since 0 < c < 4. E( X ) = x dx = = 5 min
0 10 20
0
4 x
h. P(3 < X < 5) = P(3 < X < 4) = dx
3 8 12 11.92 0.08 1
12. P( X < 12) = = =
2 4 12.08 11.92 0.16 2
x 16 9 7
= = = P(X = 12) = 0
16 16 16 16 12.08 1
3
E( X ) =
11.92 12.08 11.92
x dx
10. a. P(2 X 4) = 1 12.08 x
4 x = dx
2 2 + k dx = 1 11.92 0.16
12.08
4 x2
x2 = = 12 oz
+ kx = 1 0.32
4 11.92
2
(4 + 4k ) (1 + 2k ) = 1 13. P(X > 1) = 1 P(X 1)
2k = 2
( )0
1 1
k = 1 = 1 3e3 x dx = 1 e3 x
0
670
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 16.2
671
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 16: Continuous Random Variables ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis
672
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 16.3
673
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 16: Continuous Random Variables ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis
674
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Chapter 16 Review
= 0.0102
= +
3 3
1
= x + 2 x3
3
( )
1/ 2 1/ 2
= P( Z 2.37) Therefore, F ( x) = 3 + 3 , if 0 x 1
x 2 x
= 0.5 A(2.37) = 0.5 0.4911 1, if x > 1
= 0.0089
675
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 16: Continuous Random Variables ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis
1 e(1/ 3) x , if x 0 23 20
2. f ( x) = 3 9. P( X < 23) = P Z <
4
0, if x < 0
= P( Z < 0.75) = 0.5 + A(0.75)
2 1 (1/ 3) x
P( X > 2) = 1 P( X 2) = 1 e dx = 0.5 + 0.2734 = 0.7734
0 3
1/ 3 x 2 21 20 31 20
= 1 e ( ) = 1 e2 / 3 + 1 10. P(21 < X < 31) = P <Z<
4 4
0
= P (0.25 < Z < 2.75)
= e2 / 3 0.513
= A(2.75) A(0.25)
5 = 0.4970 0.0987
5 2 2 x3 10 = 0.3983
3. a. = x x dx = =
0 25 75 3
0
11. n = 100, p = 0.35, q = 0.65, = np = 35,
5 2 = npq = 22.75 4.77
b. 2 = x 2 x dx 2 P(25 X 47) = P(24.5 X 47.5)
0 25
5 24.5 35 47.5 35
x4 10
2 P Z
= 22.75 22.75
50
0
3 = P(2.20 Z 2.62) = A(2.20) + A(2.62)
625 100 25 = 0.4861 + 0.4956 = 0.9817
= =
50 9 18
12. n = 100, p = 0.35, q = 0.65, = np = 35,
25
Thus = 1.18. = npq = 22.75 4.77
18
P(X = 48) = P(47.5 X 48.5)
5 47.5 35 48.5 35
5 1 51 x P Z
4. P( X < 5) = dx = dx = 22.75 22.75
2 62 2 4 42
= P(2.62 Z 2.83) = A(2.83) A(2.62)
5 2 3 = 0.4977 0.4956 = 0.0021
= =
4 4 4
13. Let X = height of an individual. X is normally
25 20 distributed with = 68 and = 2.
5. P( X > 25) = P Z >
4 72 68
P( X > 72) = P Z >
= P( Z > 1.25) = 0.5 A(1.25) 2
= 0.5 0.3944 = 0.1056 = P( Z > 2) = 0.5 A(2)
= 0.5 0.4772 = 0.0228
21 20
6. P( X < 21) = P Z <
4 14. Let X = number of heads that occurs. X is
binomial with n = 500, p = 0.5, q = 0.5,
= P( Z < 0.25) = 0.5 + A(0.25)
= 0.5 + 0.0987 = 0.5987
= np = 250, = npq = 125 11.18.
P( X 215) = P ( X 214.5)
14 20 18 20 214.5 250
7. P(14 < X < 18) = P <Z< PZ
4 4 125
= P(1.5 < Z < 0.5) = P ( Z 3.18) = 0.5 + A(3.18)
= A(1.5) A(0.5) = 0.4332 0.1915 = 0.2417 = 0.5 + 0.4993 = 0.9993
10 20
8. P( X > 10) = P Z >
4
= P( Z > 2.5) = 0.5 + A(2.5)
= 0.5 + 0.4938 = 0.9938
676
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Explore and ExtendChapter 16
677
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.