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Two broad categories:

1. Cargo ships

i. General cargo

Break Bulk

Neo-Bulk

Containerised

ii. Bulk cargo

Dry bulk

Liquid bulk

2. Passenger ships.

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 Break bulk cargo is cargo that
may be affixed to a pallet.
Palletised cargo facilitates the
loading into the ship by crane or Clinker - a loose, black deposit that
derrick. can consist of coke, coal, slag, charcoal,
or grit & other waste materials.

Neo-bulk cargo a subcategory

of general cargo, with the other
subcategories of break-bulk
cargo & containerised cargo. It
comprises individual units that Gravel - small rounded stones, often mixed
are counted as they are loaded & with sand.
unloaded, in contrast to bulk
cargo that is not counted, but
that are not containerised.

Grit - small pieces of stone or sand. 3

 The rear part of the ship includes a deck
superstructure with the navigating bridge &
the means necessary for the propulsion of the ship:
machinery & fuel tanks.

The front part of the ship includes the stem &

store rooms (if any).

The central part includes the hold constructed in

accordance with the type of cargo to be
Transported.

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 In conventional large transport
ships (e.g. tankers, bulk carriers,
container ships, LNG carriers) the
construction is used wherein ballast is
loaded in order to control the gravity &
prevent problems related to a shallow draft.

e.g. shallow draft causes problems:

the degree of hogging during navigation
is large,
the ship is exposed to the impact of
waves striking the ship bottom (so called
slamming - udari uslijed pljuskanja),
the propeller cannot be immersed fully,
it emerges from the water a decrease
in the propulsion performance & an
increase in the load fluctuation on the
Slamming- bulk carrier - ballast conditions
propeller & main engine (propeller
racing), the rudder cannot be
submerged sufficiently
manoeuvrability worsens.

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 Occurrence of propeller racing: when the propeller emergence
exceeds 1/3 of the diameter of the propeller.

In order to avoid slamming of the ship in bad weather conditions,

& thereby damage to the stem & racing of the propeller (pretjerano
poveanje broja propelerskih okretaja zbog valjanja i posrtanja broda),
the ship speed will normally be reduced by the navigating officer on
watch.

In order to resolve the problems, ballast is loaded onto the ship

to lower the draft.