PBL 2 Notes 2017/18

Student Name Mohammed Alsitrawi I.D. 201700264

Topic POVERTY

Weekly Question: What is the impacts of poverty

APA References (min 2 sources)

References
Chaffey, B. (2016, August 31). 5 Effects of poverty. Retrieved from borgen project:
https://borgenproject.org/5-effects-poverty/
pathak, v. (2014, January 29). Essay on Poverty in India: Causes, Effects and Solutions. Retrieved from
importantindia: https://www.importantindia.com/10335/essay-on-causes-and-solutions-of-
poverty-in-india/
Poverty & Equity Data Portal. (2016). Retrieved from world bank:
http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/BRA
soret, o. (2011, september 26). poor children. Retrieved from humainuim:
https://www.humanium.org/en/poor-children/

Notes

The effects of poverty are intricately and deeply connected. However, it is helpful to individually
identify its numerous effects before observing them in relation to one another. This, in turn, will
provide insight as to the causes of poverty well as how to alleviate poverty entirely. Here are just five
effects of poverty:
Education
Only 14 percent of the variation in a childs performance can be attributed to school quality,
according to Donald Hirsch, advisor to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. This means that a childs
background has a significant effect on their performance in school.Children who come from low-
income families are far less likely to perform well in school. According to Department for Education
statistics, by the end of primary school, pupils in need of free school meals are estimated to be almost
three terms behind their more affluent peers.
Child Development
Children living in poverty are more likely to learn poor health behaviors and are more susceptible to
mental illness as they grow older. Children living in constant poverty also show the worst cognitive
development, compared to children from higher socio-economic backgrounds.Children who are poor
are often unable to participate in social, leisure and celebratory activities, which can negatively
impact their self-esteem and friendships. They may feel less able to take advantage of learning
opportunities in school, which can eventually hurt their future employment prospects.
Crime
The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime found that poverty had a significant and direct
effect on young peoples likelihood to engage in violence at age 15. Young people living in a family
where the head of the household was unemployed were also more likely to participate in criminal
behavior.Even poor individuals with low risk backgrounds were more likely to engage in violence.
PBL 2 Notes 2017/18
This means that for certain types of young people, living in a poor household increases their risk of
engaging in violence beyond what one would expect.
Low Social Mobility
Children born into poverty are also more likely to grow up to be poor. For example, poor teenagers in
Britain in the 1970s are twice as likely to be poor as adults, while poor teenagers in the 1980s are four
times as likely to remain poor.When parents cannot find stable work, they are unable to provide their
children with necessary attention and resources. This ultimately makes it more difficult for them to
build a better life for their children in the future.
Extra Social Spending
When adults are unable to meet their full potential in society, they contribute less productively to the
economy. They often receive payment benefits and reduced tax revenues, which necessitates extra
social spending.The Joseph Rowntree Foundation estimates that child poverty costs the United
Kingdom at least 25 billion a year. This includes 12 billion a year on public spending on services that
alleviate the immediate effects of poverty. The remaining 13 billion accounts for the annual costs of
below average employment rates.
The key to alleviating poverty is to coordinate humanitarian efforts between these many factors.
Once we understand the effects of poverty and their many dimensions, we can take the necessary
steps to eradicate the issue altogether.
Liliana Rehorn

Borgenproject.org

Children and Poverty

Each day, more than 30,000 children die of poverty-related causes. Today, poverty kills one child
every 3 seconds. Children are the primary victims of poverty, and poverty is the principal cause of
violations pertaining to Childrens Rights.
Definition of Child Poverty

A general definition of poverty is a state of existence in which one lacks many of lifes basic
necessities. The poor person is someone who lacks what he needs; and a poor child is a very
young boy or girl who lacks much of what is needed to survive.
From an economic perspective, poverty can be defined in two ways:
absolute poverty: revenues are insufficient to support the individuals physical needs;
relative poverty: the individuals revenues are inferior to those possessed by other members of the
community.
It is important to note that the economic definition of poverty is invariably tied to the question of
monetary wealth.
However, poverty cannot be defined simply in terms of its material dimension; one must also take
into account a persons ability to use the resources that he or she possesses. (1)

Beyond the monetary dimension, poverty has an effect on other fundamental rights. The dignity and
self-worth of individuals are affected. Poverty impedes the exercise of individual liberties; it threatens
the security of ones existence (absence of revenue and of access to housing, medical care and
justice) and undermines personal development across the board (intellectual, cultural, familial and
social). (2)
With regard to children, the definition of poverty should not be limited to a consideration of
insufficient financial resources. In effect, children who face poverty are also deprived of their
fundamental rights and of future prospects.
Poverty hampers a childs ability to survive; it impedes all aspects of his or her development (physical,
mental, emotional, cultural, social, familial, spiritual, etc.).
The impact of poverty is so great that one can say without hesitation that poverty is the principal
source of childrens rights violations.
PBL 2 Notes 2017/18
Causes of Child Poverty

Children who are poor are often born into poverty. Poverty engenders poverty and creates a vicious
circle. (3) A child lives in poverty because his family and/or his country is facing poverty.
Historically, all nations have at one time or another confronted the question of misery and poverty.
Today, extreme poverty affects more than a billion human beings throughout the world.
Poverty is on the decline, but the efforts to combat it remain insufficient. However, it is not a
question of an unrealistic dream. Solutions exist. What is lacking is real political will on part of the
world at large.
Consequences of Poverty on Children
The consequences of poverty on children are devastating. Today, poverty kills one child every three
seconds.
Poverty deprives children of their fundamental right to life. In addition, it deprives them of
educational opportunities and prevents them from gaining access to medical care, clean water, food,
shelter, security and protection, information, etc.
Poverty thus constitutes a veritable threat to childhood and violates childrens rights (as defined by
the International Convention of Childrens Rights) as a whole.
How to End Child Poverty
Respecting commitments made by the States to implement fundamental rights as enunciated by the
International Convention of Childrens Rights would go a long way toward defeating poverty.

Respecting commitments made by the States to implement fundamental rights as enunciated by the
International Convention of Childrens Rights would go a long way toward defeating poverty.
No society can really defeat poverty without doing everything it can, in a vigorous and long-term
manner, to ensure that all of its members have a right to and are able to receive basic medical care,
nutritious food and a decent education. (4)
In order to respect Childrens Rights, it is imperative that extreme poverty be defeated worldwide

Humanium.org

Effects of poverty
Illiteracy: Poor people constitutes greater share of illiterate population. Education becomes extremely
difficult when people are deprived of basic necessities of life.
Child Labor: In India, a large number of young boys and girls are engaged in child labour. Also read,
article on Poverty and Child labour in India.
Nutrition and diet: Poverty is the leading cause of insufficient diet and inadequate nutrition. The
resources of poor people are very limited, and its effect can be seen in their diet.
Poor living condition and Housing problems: The dont get proper living conditions. They have to fight
the hardship of poverty to secure food, clothes and shelter. A large number of poor families live in
houses with one room only.
Unemployment: Poor people move from villages to towns and form one town to another in search of
employment/work. Since, they are mostly illiterate and un-skilled, there are very few employment
opportunities open for them. Due to unemployment, many poor people are forced to live an
unfulfilled life.
Hygiene and sanitation: These people have little knowledge about hygiene and proper sanitation
system. They are not aware of the harmful consequences of not maintaining proper hygiene. The
government is taking initiatives to make available clean and safe water, and proper sanitation system
to them.
Feminization of poverty: Women are the worst victims of poverty. Poverty effects greater number of
women then men. The total of poor women outnumbers the total population of poor men. The
causes include low income, gender-inequality, etc. They are deprived of proper-diet, medicines and
health treatment.
PBL 2 Notes 2017/18
Social tensions: Poverty is often characterized with income disparity and unequal distribution of
national wealth between the rich and the poor. Concentration of wealth in the hands of few rich
people lead to social disturbances and revolts. Fair or even distribution of wealth leads an overall
improvement in general standard of living of people.

India
importantindia.com

Brazil population is 206 million and the poverty rate is 4.3% which means 8.858 million of people in
brazil suffers from poverty.

What did I learn

Alternative Research/ Different Perspectives.