Tapanga Tom

Dr. Cassel

English 101E-14

11/24/17

Anxiety... Weve all heard the word plenty of times but do we know what anxiety does to

you and your body? If youve never suffered from anxiety then you truly dont understand the

effects it has you on. I suffer from anxiety and living life is an everyday struggle. Theres many

things my anxiety has stopped me from being about to do such as talk to people, be in front of

people, and being able to sleep. Its effected my body by losing weight that I cant gain back,

problems eating and staying focused. I choose this topic to get more information about my

mental health and to inform others about the effects of anxiety.

The problem is nobody understands. People without anxiety dont suffer like we do. Its

easy for them to say youll be fine, just do it. Its not that hard. Majority of the time, its the

toughest things we go through. Not enough people are realizing anxiety is a terrible mental

health issue and its a serious problem.

Anxiety: a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or

something with an uncertain outcome, a nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive

uneasiness and apprehension, typically with compulsive behavior or panic attacks. Anxiety is a

general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying.

These disorders affect how you feel and behave, and they can manifest real physical symptoms.

Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling, while severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating, having

a serious impact on daily life.

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Anxiety Disorders were recognized in 1980 by the American Psychiatric Association.

Before this recognition people experiencing one of these Disorders usually received a generic

diagnosis of 'stress' or 'nerves'. Since 1980, international research has shown the severe

disabilities associated with these Disorders. Most of these disabilities can be prevented with early

diagnosis and effective treatment. These disabilities include agoraphobia, drug and/or alcohol

abuse and major depression.

During the era of Greek rule that the term hysteria was coined, which would mean bad

news for anxiety-prone women for centuries to come. The word hysteria actually has its root in

the Greek cognate for uterus, hystera," most likely because it was mostly believed to only affect

women. It was believed that hysterical behavior, such as panic, was in fact caused by the

uterus, which, as it was hypothesized by male philosophers at the time, wandered around the

body blocking passages, obstructing breathing and causing disease. During the early

renaissance, women in particular who were highly anxious and prone to hysteria were often

accused of being witches. during the Victorian era, women who got hysterical were seen as

being crazy. Tension that built up from being trapped indoors without a job or anything to do led

to many so called unusual behaviors, including a popular form of crafting that involved making

trinkets out of human hair. Anxiety was also one of these issues. If a woman had persistent panic

attacks, her family or husband would most likely cart her off to the local insane asylum where

treatments included electroshock therapy. The Russians seem to have been the first to catch on to

the psychological nature of this condition, and began sending psychiatrists off to war along with

soldiers to treat them after battle during Russias war with Japan in 1904. The 1930s saw an

interesting mixture of therapies for anxiety, ranging from muscular relaxation techniques to

electroshock.
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Anxiety disorders include disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and

related behavioral disturbances. These disorders include separation anxiety disorder, selective

mutism, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), panic disorder, agoraphobia,

generalized anxiety disorder, substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder, and anxiety

disorder due to another medical condition. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (included in the

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders), acute stress disorder, and posttraumatic stress

disorder (included in the trauma and stress-related disorders) are no longer considered anxiety

disorders as they were in the previous version of the DSM. However, these disorders are closely

related to anxiety disorders and the sequential order of these chapters in the DSM-5 reflects this

close relationship.

Anxiety is a universal human experience, with psychological, physiological, behavioral,

and cognitive mani- festations. Anxiety becomes abnormal when its intensity and duration is

disproportionate or when it occurs without recognizable threat. Anxiety disorders are high life

prevalent disorders (28%) in the general population and more prevalent in women than men.

Some anxiety disorders (phobias, separation anxiety disorder) have the earliest age of onset

distribution in the childhood period. Anxiety disorders are high life prevalent disorders (28%) in

the general population1 and more prevalent in women than men. Some anxiety disorders

(phobias, separation anxiety disorder) have the earliest age of onset distribution in the childhood

period. The relationship between joint hypermobility and anxiety disorders (panic, agoraphobia,

and social phobia) was first suggested by casual clinical observation in our clinical practice.

After several significant cross-sectional studies, we sought to conduct a prospective incidence

analysis that assesses whether JHS could be a risk factor in developing anxiety conditions. The

main objective was to determine the cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders in a cohort of
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young subjects recruited from the general population who had not yet developed any type of

anxiety condition; consequently, we planned a scheduled 15-year follow- up covering subjects

from late adolescence to adulthood. The incidence of anxiety disorders during the study period

was clearly higher among subjects with the JHS. Absolute risk for panic disorders among JHS

cases was 44.1 versus 2.8% in non-JHS cases show the table.

Table 1: Showing after 15 years, showing JHS present and JHS absent having risks of incident cases and relative risks.

Anxiety can cause problems with the digestive system. About 10% to 20% of Americans

suffer from the two most common functional digestive disorders IBS and functional

dyspepsia. In these disorders, the nerves regulating digestion appear to be hypersensitive to

stimulation. Because these conditions don't produce lesions like ulcers or tumors, they aren't

considered life-threatening. The symptoms are abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea or

constipation in IBS; and pain, nausea, and vomiting in functional dyspepsia can be chronic

and difficult to tolerate.

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Social anxiety has an effect on how you see and feel about your body. The two-way

interaction between ought and feared body fat discrepancies was significant in predicting social

physique anxiety. Ought fat discrepancies were more strongly associated with social physique

anxiety when women were far from their feared fat self-compared to when they were near their

feared self. It is important for body image research to consider references of self that go beyond

simply the ideal, and consider the unique contributions of each self-discrepancy (e.g., ideal,

ought). For example, if Higginss theoretical position holds in the specific context of body

image, ought discrepancies should be specifically related to social physique anxiety. individuals

are motivated to avoid becoming close to the feared self. (e.g., I dont want to become fat).

when women were closer to their feared fat self, ought fat discrepancies were not related to

anxiety. It was only when women were far from their feared fat self that proximity to the ought

fat self was a strong predictor of anxiety. These findings provide initial evidence that social

physique anxiety is better predicted by a combination of approach and avoidance body self-

guides than by individual self-guides alone. This is for people who believe theyre fat because

theyre not perfect.

Social anxiety can lead people to becoming obese. Social anxiety has been defined as

persistent fears of one or more social situations in which the person is exposed to others and

expects to be scrutinized. It is possible that deficits in social relations are more likely to be

observed in obese individuals due to negative evaluation by others in social situations. sedentary

behavior is associated with limited social mobility, and that, ultimately, this behavior may lead to

obesity. Sedentary behavior was defined as behaviors that involve sitting and low-energy

consumption. Sedentary behaviors are associated with obesity and body dissatisfaction, which

may lead to reduced social interaction. There is a close link between low body esteem and social
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isolation. Body esteem has been defined as how individuals feel about their body image and is

more important than the actual weight. Theres a significant positive association exists between

poor body esteem and social anxiety showed that sedentary behavior is directly correlated with

increasing weight, for which individuals were likely to have lower scores on body esteem. Body

esteem plays an important role in an individuals health and physical activities and an

improvement in the image of ones own body leads to increasing physical activities and

decreasing obesity/overweight. Obese individuals with poor body esteem are more likely to

report social anxiety, because they are concerned about negative evaluation by others; therefore,

obese individuals indicate avoidance behavior, which, ultimately, leads to social anxiety. This

appeals to obese people fear others negative opinions. Which leads to greater social anxiety.

Table 2: Showing models of body-esteem, social anxiety, and sedentary behavior.

Eating disorders are also an effect of anxiety. Two very common eating disorders are

anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia is an unwarranted fear of being overweight and

obsess about weight and what they eat. Bulimia is binge eating then take steps to avoid weight

gain. Directing attention away from positive shape and weight words (e.g., thin) and toward

negative shape and weight words (e.g., fat) has been found in patients with both anorexia

nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Sixty-four female undergraduate Participants were required to have

a Body Mass Index (BMI 5 kg/m2) within the normal range as defined by the World Health
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Organization22 of 18.5 to 24.9 to exclude those with a weight suggestive of an eating disorder or

overweight. Participants were asked to rate their current mood on a scale ranging from 1 (not at

all) to 7 (extremely). The mood states were: pleased, distressed, happy, upset, nervous, calm, sad,

and depressed. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three induction conditions: body

dissatisfaction, negative mood, or neutral. Participants were required to provide a detailed

written description of how the scenario made them feel to enhance the induction. Mean

attentional bias index scores across the three experimental groups are shown in Table 1.
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Works Cited

Bulbena-Cabr, Antonio, et al. "Joint Hypermobility Links with Anxiety: History and Present." International Musculoskeletal
Medicine, vol. 33, no. 4, Dec. 2011, pp. 132-136. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1179/175361511X13153160075017.

Woodman, Tim and Rebecca Steer. "Body Self-Discrepancies and Women's Social Physique Anxiety: The Moderating Role of
the Feared Body." British Journal of Psychology, vol. 102, no. 2, May 2011, pp. 147-160. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.1348/000712610X507821.

Harvard Women's Health Watch. Anxiety and physical illness. Harvard Health Publishing. July, 2008.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/anxiety_and_physical_illness. Accessed 31 October, 2017.

Abdollahi, Abbas and Mansor Abu Talib. "Sedentary Behaviour and Social Anxiety in Obese Individuals: The Mediating Role of
Body Esteem." Psychology, Health & Medicine, vol. 20, no. 2, Mar. 2015, pp. 205-209. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.1080/13548506.2014.913799.

Smith, Evelyn and Elizabeth Rieger. "An Investigation of the Effect of Body Dissatisfaction on Selective Attention toward
Negative Shape and Weight-Related Information." International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 43, no. 4, May 2010,
pp. 358-364. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/eat.20703.

Team, The MNT Editorial. Anxiety: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments. Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 5
Jan. 2016, www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/anxiety.

Bhatt, Nita V. Anxiety Disorders. Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology, 13 Sept. 2017,

emedicine.medscape.com/article/286227-overview.

Tracy, Natasha. History of Anxiety Disorders. HealthyPlace, 1 July 2016, www.healthyplace.com/anxiety-

panic/articles/history-of-anxiety-disorders/.

A Brief History of Anxiety. A Brief History of Anxiety, www.calmclinic.com/brief-history-of-anxiety.