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Study on Thermal Comfort and Natural
Ventilation Performance of the International
student house of the University of Kitakyushu
Jamaludin, Undergraduate Student, Bandar Lampung University (UBL). Didit Novianto, Special
Research Assistant, the University of Kitakyushu. Haris Murwadi, Doctoral Student, the University of
Kitakyushu. Fritz Ahmad Nuzir, Lecturer, Bandar Lampung University (UBL), Weijun Gao,
Professor, the University of Kitakyushu. Soichiro Kuroki, Professor Emeritus, the University of
Kitakyushu
Abstractthis paper discussed the performance of natural
ventilation in relation with thermal comfort in the International
student house of the University of Kitakyushu of the University of
Kitakyushu, Hibikino campus. Occupants are foreign students
who came from different climates zone, therefore in most of cases
occupants need to adapt with local conditions. In this study,
authors conducted two different scenarios. Firstly, investigation of
the effect of natural ventilation at same floor with different
ventilation method was conducted. Secondly, investigation of the
effect of natural ventilation at different floor level with same
ventilation method was conducted. From this study it was found
that during spring season when the ventilation it was opened, the
room temperature became similar with the outside temperature.
On the other hand, when the ventilation was fully closed, the room
temperature became extremely different with the outside
temperature. Finally, the results of this study will be used to
promote sustainable behavior in spring season to reduce the use of
air conditioner.
Index Terms dormitory, natural ventilation, spring season,
student, thermal comfort
I. INTRODUCTION
I NTERNATIONAL student house of the University of
Kitakyushu is a dormitory for foreign students located in the
Science and Research Park, Hibikino at Yahatanishi Ward,
Kitakysuhu. Students living in this dormitories limited to only
foreign students such as Indonesia, India, China, Iran and
others. Doe to the climate difference of residency origin, the
occupants must be able to adapt to the climate in Kitakyushu,
Japan. Which has four season Summer, Autumn, Winter, and
Spring. Spring is the season where the air is fresh, starting from
March, April and May. In this season, the day time becomes
longer than the night time. The weather in the spring is usually
felt a bit hot as summer approaches. The average maximum
temperature in the area of Kitakyushu is 15.5oC, and the average
of minimum temperature is 9.8oC in the spring. Supposedly,
This paper was submitted on November 7th, 2016.
This work was supported by JASSO (japan Student Service Organization)
the University of Kitakyushu, and Bandar Lampung University (UBL)
during this season the occupants can take advantage of the
natural ventilation despite of Air Conditioner (AC) because the
fresh air will provide indoor thermal comfort. Beside of that
using air conditioner and a fan with a large capacity may require
more electrical energy which is usually generated from
petroleum energy sources and release a number of CO2 as a
driver of global warming.
A. Study Literature
According to ASHRAE (1989) Thermal comfort is affected
six factors, including: Temperature, Radiant heat, Air flow,
humidity, Clothing and Metabolism. Air quality supplied by
fresh air from outside of the building to inside (Anynsley, 1999:
47). And according to Nugroho (2006), as cited by Santoso
(2012), thermal comfort is a state of mind that express the
satisfactory towards the thermal environment. In order to
improve the thermal comfort, it is necessary to rearrange the
room for crating better air circulation and to provide greeneries
and shading around the building (fauzi, 2010). And to provide
good air quality required Air ventilation. According to Hedy
(2008) ventilation is the air exchange from outside into the
building. Ventilation in buildings must have sufficient
dimensions, has the right position at the position wind coming
(windward), shape and design right (Givoni, 1976: 56). In the
room, the humans need the fresh air on a building or room with
cross-ventilation, using a refresher active the moving air from
outside to inside the building to replace the air inside (Frick,
1998).
B. Study Purpose
Ventilation on the buildings can be a come in the air from
outside. The ventilation has effect on the temperature in the
room and the room dormitory floor temperature on the
differences that affect the thermal comfort. This purpose study
is determining the effect thermal comfort indoors in the spring
the ventilation openings of various kinds as, fully open, half
open, and close. And the room difference in ground floor room
with wide ventilation fully open, half open, and close all.
Jamaludin is under graduate student, the Architecture Study Program, of
Engineering, Bandar Lampung University (UBL) Jl. Z.A. Pagar Alam No. 26,
Labuhan Ratu, Bandarlampung, Lampung, Indonesia.
jamaludin.web@gmail.com
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II. RESEARCH METHOD fully-open ventilation and closed the door. The second day, each
ventilation half-open ventilation and close the door. And the
A. Building Target
third day close ventilation and close the door .
International student house of the University of Kitakyushu
located in the area of Science and Research Park Hibikino. The
building consists of four floors. The first floor functioned as an
office and living room. The second, third, fourth floors
functioned as the room for international student house of the
University of Kitakyushu. Total of rooms in this dormitory are
18 rooms on each floor. The spacious room around 19m2 with Fig. 2. The room numbers in International student house of the University of
facilities are bookshelves, desks, cabinets, kitchen, toilet, bed, Kitakyushu for case one
and use this type of room air circulation natural ventilation and
The rooms were used for the first measurement for the case
air conditioning (AC). The dormitory rooms are designed only
study the difference room floor ventilation with the same
for one occupant life
ventilation method. The floor used in the hostel is the second
The room will be used for research is the second floor with
floor (215), third floor (315), and the fourth floor (416).
the number 215, the third floor with the number 315, and the
The performed on any given room to point the placement of
fourth floor with the numbers 404, 406, 410, 413, and 416. The
the measuring instrument room. Each room is provided 5
rooms is an empty room (unoccupied).
devices, one point placed outdoors (balcony), 2 points placed
B. Field Measurement close the window, and two points are placed close to the
This research pick-two cases in finding the value of Thermal entrance of the room.
Comfort and Natural Ventilation Performance in International
student house of the University of Kitakyushu. First, the
difference of ventilation in the room with the same floor.
Second, differences floor with same ventilation method. The
ventilation in this study are the window and the door as a means
of insert air from outside to inside. Fully open is (100%), half
open is 50%, and fully close is (100%).
Measurement of the temperature with the same floor and
different ventilate method in the room. (close ventilation and
close the door, half-open ventilation and close door, fully-open Fig. 3. Plan field measurement
the ventilation and close the door, half-open the ventilation and
The high of measuring tool. Adapted to all human activities
half-open the door, fully-open ventilation and fully-open the
in the room as sleep and seat down, the height is 60cm and
standup the height is 150cm. High measuring tools taken from
the International standard height of Asians. In order to get the
data in accordance with the activities of thermal comfort in the
room.
Thermo Recorder TR-72wf to function as a measurement of
temperature and humidity of the room. Tool can gather data
Fig. 1. International student house of the University of Kitakyushu
with a sensor coupled with the tool. In recording the data, the
door) in one day.
tool can be set from 1 minute to 1 hour. For retrieval of data in
The rooms are used for measurement the first case of a
this study using per-20 minutes for the first case and per-10
difference ventilation method with the same floor. The floor that
minutes for the second case. Methods of data collection is done
is used is the fourth floor. The fourth-floor room has 5 rooms
by measure the temperature of the room in the outdoors and
that can be used in research. While other rooms on the floor that
does not have sufficient space. indoors, then processed with statistical methods generated
graphics.
TABLE I
THE MEASUREMENT PLAN FIRST CASE III. MEASUREMENT
A. Temperature measurement with the same floor and
different ventilate method in spring.
The result of the first case that the room temperature
measurements on the same floor with different ventilation
method. The room with the ventilation and the door is close,
have higher temperatures, the highest difference temperature
about 3-3.4 oC at 18:00 until 07:00 with the temperature outside
Measurement of temperature with different floors and the the building.
same ventilation method in the room. Measurements is
conducted over three days. The first day of each ventilation is
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Fig. 5. Graphic temperature investigates the effect of natural ventilation at
same floor in spring
The maximum temperature in spring season in the room is 23
C and a minimum 17 C. The room with a ventilation door half
open and closed experience lower temperatures, the highest
temperature difference of about 2-2,4 oC with the temperature
outside the building. The maximum temperature which is
owned by the room is 22 C and minimum 14 oC. The room
with a fully-open ventilation and close the doors almost the
same with the ventilation and the door half-open, the highest
temperature difference of about 0.5-0.9 oC with the temperature
outside the building. The room temperature with the vents open
and closed doors has a maximum value 22 oC. The room with
the ventilation and door half-open has a value of maximum
temperature of 21 C and minimum value of both of room is 12
o
C. Rooms with the ventilation and the door fully-open heve
temperatures nearly same as the temperature outdoors, the
highest temperature difference about 0-0,4 oC with the
temperature outside the building. The maximum temperature is
21 C and minimum temperature is 11oC.
The chart above is the result of the first case that the room
Fig. 6. Graphic humidity investigates the effect of natural ventilation at same
floor in spring.
humidity measurements on the same floor with different
ventilation method. The room with the ventilation and the door
is close, have higher humidity. the highest difference humidity
about 32% with the humidity outside the building. The
maximum humidity which is owned by the room is 77% and a
minimum 31%. The room with the ventilation half-open and
close the door the highest humidity difference of about 12%
with the humidity outside the building. The maximum humidity
is 69% and minimum 33%. the room with a fully-open
ventilation and close the doors highest difference humidity
about 7% The maximum humidity which is owned by the room
is 65% and minimum 50%. The ventilation and the door half-
open, the highest humidity difference of about 10% with the
humidity outside the building. The maximum humidity which
is owned by the room is 83% and a minimum 31%. Rooms with
the ventilation and the door fully-open heve humiditys nearly
same as the humidity outdoors, the highest humidity difference
about 11% and most different only 2-4% with the humidity
outside the building. The maximum humidity is 73% and
minimum humidity is 29%.
For the second method we will continues our
IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the spring the effect of ventilation at International student
house of the University of Kitakyushu is the temperature inside
the room will be close to the outdoor temperature when the
ventilations are opened, and the temperature inside the room
higher from the outdoor temperature when the ventilation are
closed.
Effect of ventilation in the spring at the height difference of
the higher floors of the building are the rooms of the building,
the temperature in a room closer to the outdoor temperature,
otherwise the lower floor of the building which has a room
temperature away from the outdoor temperature.
The Ventilation at International student house is good work,
because it can be control the room temperature.
The occupants can use natural ventilation to control the
temperature in the room, such as fully-open, half-open, and
close the windows for the comfortable temperature in spring
season. The most high-floor room has a higher temperature than
the lower floor. Dormitory buildings can be added sun shading
to make the lower the temperature inside the room. Besides
Students who stay in the room that has a higher floor should
often open natural ventilated when spring so that the
temperature in the room is not high.
Therefore, occupants can use ventilation to set the room
temperature in spring season, without use Air conditioning
(AC). And if residents use natural ventilation as set room
temperature, the energy used for cooling or heating is reduced.
REFERENCES
[1] ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamental Chapter 8 Physiolocical
Principles Comfort, and Health ASHRAE, USA, 1989.
[2] Brager, G.S. and de Dear. 2000. A Standard for Natural Ventilation.
ASHARE Journal (42)10: 21-29.
[3] Frick, Heinz. FX, Bambang. 1998. Dasar-dasar eko-arsitektur.
Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
[4] Idealistina, F., Model Termoregulasi Tubuh untuk Penentuan Besaran
Kesan Thermal Terbaik dalam kaitannya dengan Kinerja Manusia, thesis
doktor, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, 1991.
[5] J. Daisey, W.J. Angell, M.G. Apte, Indoor air quality, ventilation and
health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information, Indoor
Air Interna- tional Journal of Indoor Air Quality and Climate 13 (1)
(2003) 5364.
[6] Givoni, Baruch. 1976. Man, Climate, and Architecture. Applied Science
Publisher Ltd., London, p. 289-306
[7] Aynsley, R.M. 1999. Estimation of Airflow Inside Buildings. James Cook
University of North Queensland, Australia.
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Jamaludin is under graduate student from
Bandar Lampung University (UBL)
Lampung. He was born in Pandeglang,
Banten Province. In January-July 2016 he
studies in University of Kitakysuhu, Japan
in program University of Kitakysuhu
Student Exchange and Research Program.
In February 2016, join International
Workshop and Conference re-Ruralize the
OrioHibikino Urban Fringe. 2nd Prize in Design Proposal
for the Orio-Hibikino Area in Kitakyushu (Japan) 2016. Email:
jamalduin.web@gmail.com
Didit Novianto is Special Research
Assistant with a hobby of music and sport,
he was born in east Jakarta, Jakarta
Province, capital city of Indonesia. In
March, 2016 he got his PhD in
Environmental Engineering Architectural
Design Department in University of
Kitakyushu, Japan. Graduated in 2009
Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design Department
Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB). He also graduated from
Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu in 2010.
Zhejiang University in 1984, He enrolled into Master Degree
Cource in Heat transfer and Environmental Control in
Buildings while worked at ADRI. In 1987, then he became a
lecturer in Department of Architecture to teach Planning for
Environmental Control of Architecture.
Soichiro Kuroki is Professor Emeritus,
the University of Kitakyushu, Japan.
Author was born in Miyazaki City, Japan,
in 1949. He received the B.S. and M.S.
degrees in department of architecture from
Kagoshima University, in 1974 and the
Ph.D. degree in architectural engineering
from the University of Tokyo, Japan, in
1992.
From 1975 to 2001, he was an Assistant Professor with the
Architecture Department, Kagoshima University, Japan. From
2001 to 2015, he was Professor of the University of Kitakyushu.
He is the author of three books, more than 150 articles. His
research interests include architectural environmental
engineering, architectural acoustics, thermal environment,
energy saving so on. He is the president of AILCD (Asian
Institute of Low Carbon Design).

Haris Murwadi is lecturer in department

architecture in Bandar Lampung
University (UBL) Lampung. He entered to
Architecture engineering Univeritas Gajah
Mada (UGM) in 2004. His master degree
in Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB)
in 2012. He is interest to research of urban
planning, architecture design, housing and
residential. And now he is student Doctoral student at Faculty
of Environmental Engineerung the University of Kitayushu. He
was born in Tanjung karang, Lampung at 22 oktober 1979.

Fritz A. Nuzir received the B.Eng. from

Gadjah Mada University (UGM),
Indonesia in 2004, M.A. degree from
Anhalt University of Applied Sciences,
Germany in 2007, and the Dr. Eng. degree
from the University of Kitakyushu, Japan
in 2016. Since 2009, he has been a lecturer
with the Architecture Department, Bandar
Lampung University (UBL), Bandarlampung, Indonesia. His
research interests include eco-architecture, sustainable urban
development, and low carbon urban mobility.

Weijun Gao is a professor and Head of the

Department of Architecture at the
University of Kitakyushu Visiting
Professor at Xi'an JiaoTong University,
China Advice Professor at Jilin
Architectural and Civil Engineering
Institute, China. He was born in Haining,
He entered to Tongji University, shanghai
in 1978 when he was 16 years old. He got his Bachelor Degree
in Mechanical Engineering in 1982. In August, 1982, He was
sent to Architectural Design and Research Institute (ADRI) in