CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Various Academic libraries have put efforts in bringing electronic

information resources to their libraries and these can be reflect many academic

and research libraries such as that of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Library, Yobe

State University Damaturu. Electronic Information Resources comprises the

information that is written on the magnetic tapes or optical media (Wamukaya

and Mututla, 2005). One can also say that it is the information that can be

accessed electronically. The resources that are originally created in electronic

format are called digital born format resources, while those that were originally

in paper form then converted into e-form are termed as digitized resources,

there are various types of electronic resources which are available; some of the

popular ones that are gaining grounds are electronic books, electronic journals

database, electronic theses and dissertations and scanned resources (Wamukoya

and Mutula, 2005).

The use of Electronic Information Resources has led reshaping

information retrieved methods and access to information. In the past

information was being transferred from libraries to users.

1
 A library is a repository of wisdom of great thinkers of the past and the

present, it is a social institution charge with the responsibilities of disseminating

knowledge to the people without dissemination. The holdings of the libraries

are priceless heritage of mankind as they preserve facts, idea, thought,

accomplishment and evidence of human development in multifarious areas,

ages and directions. The past recode constitute a natural resources and

indispensable to the present generation as well as generation to come. Any loss

of such material is simply irreplaceable, currently the majority of the

communication and transfer of information is between users and computer and

that is due to the most of information being accessed is stored electronically

(Gbage, 2011). Therefore, preserving this intellectual, cultural heritage

electronically becomes not only the academic commitment but also the moral

responsibility of the librarian/information scientists who are in charge of these

repositories. Besides proper dissemination of library materials is possible if the

resources are in good and usable condition. This demands for the proper

preservation of these library resources electronically.

Preservation is defined as everything which contributes to the physical

well being of information resources and it includes the protection, maintenance

and restoration of library and archives information resources.

2
 The term preservation also includes all the managerial and financial

consideration such as storage, accommodation, provision, staffing levels,

policies, techniques and methods involves in preserving library archives

information preservation ins an aspect of contained in them of the library, its

objectives is to ensure that information resources of any kind or form survive in

an accessible and usable form for as long as it is wanted.

Despite the fact that academic libraries play a vital role in promoting

students education through preserving material that support their learning, they

were very often neglected.

1.2 Historical Development of Yobe State University Library, Damaturu

The noble idea to establish a state university in Yobe state was first

muted by the administration of Alh. Bukar Abba Ibrahim the executive

governor of Yobe state. The government clearly expressed his determination to

provide sound and qualitative education in the state. It aims establishing a good

tertiary institution for thousands of our senior secondary school competition for

admission which Yobe sate is catchment.

The State, under the leadership of his Excellency, Executive Governor,

Alh. Bukar Abba Ibrahim decided to establish a University name Bukar Abba

Ibrahim University. To achieved this, he immediately constituted a planning

3
committee under the chairmanship Prof. Muhammad Nur Alkali in January

2006, to plan and prepare the takeoff of the university, the committee

immediately commenced action. The academic brief, the law establishing the

university and the master plan were produced and approved by the National

University Commission (NUC) with Professor Musa Alabi, as first Vice

Chancellor of the university. The university commence its academic activities

in 2006 with four faculties which include; Faculty of Science, Art Social and

Management Science and Faculty of Education with different departments

under each faculty.

The Goodluck Ebele Jonathan library was establish together with the

university with various departments and unit, that includes Cataloguing and

Classification Division, Reference Service Division, Readers Service Division,

Circulation Division, Short Term Loan and E-library with Hajiya Adama

Dahiru AG as first university librarian. The aims and objectives of the library is

to support the teaching and learning of both staffs and students of the

university, the Yobe state university which is formally known as Bukar Abba

Ibrahim University (BAU) got tremendous improvement in the intellectual and

scholarly capacity of the university under governor Ibrahim Geidam the current

governor of the state decided to expand the course offering and research

activities in the university, the governor also added a Faculty of Law to the

4
university, making it the second university in the northeast to offer Bachelor

degree in Law, and College of Medical Science on transformation with

Professor Yakubu Muktar as the second and current Vice Chancellor of the

university.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The general objectives of the study, access the electronic information

resources preservation in Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Library Yobe State

University, Damaturu. In specific terms, they intended

i. To identity the level of ICT skills amongst the staff that preserve

electronic information resources;

ii. To observed how Goodluck Ebele Jonathan library preserve electronic

information resources;

iii. To identify the types of electronic information resources in Goodluck

library;

iv. To investigate how Goodluck Ebele Jonathan library preserve

electronic information resources.

v. To identify major challenges facing Goodluck Ebele Jonathan library

for preserving electronic information.

5
 vi. Recommend solution to address problems of electronic information

resources preservation.

1.4 Research Questions

The research provides the following questions to answered

i. What category of electronic information resources does Goodluck

Ebele Jonathan library has in its stock?

ii. What strategy do Goodluck Ebele Jonathan adopt in preserving

electronic information resources?

iii. What method do Goodluck Ebele Jonathan library adopt in storing

electronic information resources?

iv. How does Goodluck Ebele Jonathan library acquire its electronic

information resources?

v. What is the level of support given by the library management for the

preservation of the information resources?

vi. What are the barriers to effective preservation of electronic

information in resources?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The finding of the study could be of help to Goodluck Ebele Jonathan

library and other University libraries in Yobe in the preservation of electronic

6
information resources. The study could also be significance by either providing

foundation for a new policy or feeding into present policy with regard to

electronic information resources preservation that will tackle the issues

identified at the end of the study. Furthermore, the finding will fill in the gap

and help Goodluck library Yobe state university, Damaturu and other stake

holders in preservation of electronic information resources and as well

recommend suitable measures to protect them.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study was limited to Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Library, Yobe State

University, Damaturu. The focus of the research was to assess the electronic

information resources preservation in Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Library Yobe

State University Damaturu.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Electronic Resources: is any information source that the library provides

access to in an electronic format e.g e-journal, e-book, e-thesis and dissertation.

Preservation: refers to the protection of something especially from loss, injury

or danger.

Information resources: is an element of infrastructure that enables the

transaction of certain selected significance and relevant data.

7
Hardware: electronic apparatus used in processing information which are not

readable with the eyes.

Software: computer programme, procedures rules and associated documented

concerning the operation of a data processing system.

Microform: the general term for various types of information storage, media

that minimize the efficiency of storage and retrieval of information.

CD-Rom: a compact disc used in computer as a read only device for data.

8
Reference

Wamakoya, J. and Mutula, S.M. (2005). Capacity Building Requirement for e-

records Management: the Case of East and Southern Africa. Records
Management 15(2), 71-79.
http://www.emara/dinsight.com/journals/htm?arcticleid=15094908show=
html Accessed (30 October, 2017).
Gbage, E.S. (2011). Digital Preservation Strategies: A Case Study of Nigerian
National Information Centres, International Federation and Library
Association and Institution, 37(3), 218-227.
http://www.ifla.org/files/assert/hq/publications/ifla-journal/ifla-journal-
37-3-2011-pff (Accessed 30th October, 2017).

9
 CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction

In this chapter literature relevant to the research topic has been organized

and presented in the following order.

2.2 Evolution of Electronic Resources

2.3 An Overview of the Concept of Preservation

2.4 Electronic Information Resources

2.5 Strategies for Electronic Information Preservation

2.6 Challenges of Electronic Information Resources Preservation

2.2 Evolution of Electronic Resources

The emergence of electronic information resources in libraries began in

the year 1935, in the United States of America, the University of Texas, Boston

public library Montclair and New Jersey in 1941 till date. Nwaje (2007), stated

that during the late decades, computer processing and electronic information

has become a routine in the technologically developed world. Computers and

other electronic devices are applied for the generation, storage and retrieved of

10
information from manuscript preparation (using word processors) through

composing and abstracting.

Aina et al., (2008), indicated that the foundation stone for electronic

information resources may have laid in 1945 when Vannerar Bush envisioned a

automated system that would store information including books, personal

records and articles.

Also in 1950s Doughts Englebert hypothesized that computers could be

used to automate symbol-handling tasks and this help people think faster better

about more complex problems.

Hartley (2003) also observed that electronic information resources stated

with experimental computer systems developed for the storage and retrieved of

bibliographic data during the 1960s. Buy the end of the decade, some major

bibliographic databases were available in magnetic tapes. According to Howe

(2009) the internet use the result of some visionary thinking by people in the

early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share

information and research and development in scientific and military field.

J.C.R. Licklider of MIT first proposed a global network of computers in

1962m and move over to the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency

(DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work develop it.

11
 However, during the 1970s and 1980s the availability of machine

readable data resulted in the emergence of interactive computing and computer

networks which enable the online information industry to emerge. In 1980s

academic libraries began to transfer from Card Catalogue to Online Public

Access Catalogue (OPAC). This enabled end-users to research database for

information.

The CD-ROMs emerged at about the same time with OPACs as

information delivery vehicles. Both OPAC and CR-ROM enabled the searching

of electronic information resources. Each technological development in library

electronic information resources during the 20th century was intended to make

access to resources direct, convenient and timely for the users.

2.3 Concept of Preservation

An overview of the concept of preservation erroneously been used

interchangeably in some literacy. However, Fedehan (2009), observed that the

essence of information is to preserve them for all future generation and also to

see that the state of the materials at any period in time is to endenger the

archieve the later end. He also argued that problem of deterioration of library

material apply to all categories of materials in the library.

12
 The Institute of Museum and Library Services (2009) stresses that

preservation has been described as any action that effectively extends the life or

useful life of a living or non-living collection, the individual items or building

includes in a collection or structure, building or site by reducing the likelihood

or speed of deterioration, it further explain that preservation action includes;

planning, conservation treatment, preservation action to improve environment

or otherwise reduce the risk of damage or loss. It also points out that it deals

with the formatting or reformatting to provide access without the physical use

of original object.

Nwogwugwu (2001) sees preservation as the specific individual and

collective measures taken for repair, restoration, protection and maintenance of

documents. He also explained that it is an act of anticipating and preventing

damage to records or documents. Similarly, Alegleleya (2002) defined

preservation as the act of preserving, guarding or protecting preservation from

loss, decay, injury or violation. In the same view, Alhassan (2002) defined

preservation in terms of restoration or treating them against attack or book

worms, termites, beetles, cockroaches etc. inspite of this Kenny et al., (2002)

strongly believe that digital technology has the potential to redefine

preservation reforming but until the concern associated with maintaining long-

13
term accessibility to material stored in digital image form can be resourced

initiate digital project the pilot phase.

However, McCarry et al., (2002) maintained that with the advent of high

performance computing and high speed networks. The uses of technologies

enable information to be created, manipulated, disseminated, located and stored

with increasing ease. They said that digital preservation involves the retention

of both information object and its meaning in the same view. Madu (2004) also

observed that libraries serve to preserve for those who follow us, our thoughts,

intellectuals and artistic creations and mans historic records.

University of Las Vegas Libraries (2008) states that preservation is an

indirect method of treatment in which the environment around and item is

changed, it further explained that this includes stabilizing, maintaining and

monitoring temperature, humidity, light exposure, air pollution, dirt and mold, it

maintained that preservation includes surveying the condition of the building

and collections, the construction of protective enclosures using acid-neutral or

buffered materials, proper storage and handling techniques, security, including

theft vandalism, eating of food, drinking use of tobacco in the libraries,

insurance, disaster prevention, preparedness and recovery and education

training and outreach programs for staffs, patrons, the university community

and the public.

14
 Madu (2010) explained that preservation connotes for more than keeping

a material in its original form or being familiar with all reforming technologies

available. He said that it means accessibility, when a user needs it, he get it.

Hence, he further explained that the whole process of security shelving, shelf-

reading and circulation are actually preservation techniques. He maintained to

explain the preservation from abuses like mutilation, defacing and/or stealing of

materials are preservation tenets. He said that all these things are done to ensure

long activity of the lifespan of the library materials.

Similary, Nwogwugwu (2001) expressed that preservation refers to the

specific individual and collection measures taken for repair, restoration,

protection and maintenance of document. He also said that it is an act of

anticipating and preventing damage to records or documents. Therefore, he

explained that the concept of preservation is not only with protecting the

document in particular against possible dangers, but also that of permanently

keeping them in conditions that could ensure their preservation in the most

favourable atmosphere away from anything likely to cause slow but continuous

deterioration.

15
2.4 Electronic Information Resources

Electronic information resources includes e-books, e-journals, e-

newspaper, full text database, statistical, reference and indexing and abstract

databases and any other material available electronically that are likely to other

material the alternative to the printed material. Electronic information resources

as material that requires computer access, whether through a personal computer,

mainframe or handheld mobile device. They may either be accessed remotely

via the internet or locally (IFLA, 2012).

Furthermore, electronic information resources in libraries are considered

essential part of modern society. This is because they play a very important role

in education. The provision of electronic information resources in libraries is

important to any educational that is line with the present day global best

practices. Electronic information resources are now recognized as being of

greatest importance to even small academic libraries.

The present supply of electronic information resources is make up of a

range of product that may exist in different forms such as CD-ROMS and

resources available on the internet such as online Database, WebPages etc. and

they provide libraries with vast resources for their user population (Gupta,

2011; Zirmeman, 2010; Kapor, 2010).

16
 The information on the web is structured facilitate browsing, it provide

access to quality controlled electronic information resources such as e-journals,

e-books, etc. Each technology development in library electronic information

resources during the 20th century was intended to make access to resource more

direct, convenient and timely for use.

Ojo-Igbinoba (2003) opined that electronic information resources in

libraries become necessary of large number of user. He also stated that growth

in data usage leads errors and delays when manual systems are applied. The

above assertion gives concise but comprehensive explanation of the various

forms of electronic information resources. Thus, electronic information

resources are vital and they are currently the backbone of any dynamic

collection, but most of electronic information resources such as full text

databases and electronic books not publicly available free of charges and

therefore they are expensive. Today librarian are very much concern about their

effective use.

Nanberg (2011) defined electronic information resources as the

information stored in a medium which requires electronic device to read its

content, which is in different electronic media such as tapes, floopies, radio etc.

which can be retrieved with the help of other electronic device like computers

etc. The use of electronic information resources in a library also makes it

17
possible to develop the special gifts and talents hidden in reach student, thereby

assisting him/her to build a career. Also Lynch (2000) states that electronic

information resources in libraries saves time and effort than resources in manual

system, it permits access to records, facilitates wider access to information,

increases access to resources and allows easier editing of information. He also

presented the effect of electronic information resources on libraries in three

ways;

Automation - in this phase, libraries apply a range of information technology

(IT) to the management of electronic information resources. A higher stage of

library automation is characterized by the conversion of print materials to

electronic formats.

Networked Information - Here electronic content and services become

accessible through the network anytime, anyplace and could be tailored to meet

the need and objectives of each users.

Transformation - Technological changes have resulted to a set of new issues;

how to archive digital information, how to address the question of authenticity,

integrity and provenance.

Similarly, Hawthone (2008) indicated that the pursuit of electronic

information resources by libraries was driven by the core values of Library

18
Science, it is possible to recognize the Ranganathans five laws of library

science, the motivation that drove libraries to incorporate electronic resources

into services and collections. Paraphrased to better suit electronic resources, the

law reads; resources are for use, every person his or her resources, every

resources its user, save the time of the user, and the library is a growing

organism (Ranganathan, 1963).

2.5 Strategies for Electronic Information Resources Preservation

Preservation strategies are well considered and documented approaches

when it comes to electronic information resources. Information professionals

are involved in managing electronic information resources should have

strategies knowledge as it is one of the essential requirements. Kanyengo

(2006), said that technical knowledge for the digital preservation strategies is

largely lacking among the staff of library preservation departments. In similar

vein, Okoyo and Ugwuanyi (2012) suggested that there is need for staff to be

given expose to the digital preservation strategies irresponsible of the staff

ranks. Discussion on the best strategies that should be adopted in electronic

information resources preservation have been ongoing for several fear now. The

purpose of these strategies is to ensure long term preservation to the electronic

information resources managed by libraries. Preservation strategies are

important because of the technological landscape that changes rapidly (Gbage,

19
2011). There are two preservation strategies; Migration and Emulation

strategies.

Migration is the process of transferring electronic information resources

from one technology to another technology whilst trying to keep their properties

(Borghoff et al., 2006) they continued by saying that migration focuses on the

information resources itself and its objectives is to change the electronic

information resources in such a way that software and hardware updates will

not alter the ease access of electronic information resources.

According to Ngoepe and Van der Walt (2009) emulsion is the process

that preserve the environment by using the up to date technologies to pretend to

be like the original environment that used to create the electronic information

resources. A good example of emulsion strategy is the creation of window that

tries to emulate MS DOS.

2.6 Challenges of Electronic Information Resources Preservation

The libraries faces challenges in electronic information resources

preservation that are widely recognized and shared by many other libraries

globally.

20
 Cornel University Library (2000-2003) in its arctic moving theory into

practice; stated that electronic information resources preservation challenges are

multi-faceted and can be group into two categories which are:

1- Technical Vulnerabilities which include:

a. Storage media due to physical deterioration mishandling, improper

storage or obsolescence.

b. File format and compression schemes, due to obsolescence or over

reliance proprietary and unsupported file and compression format.

c. Integrity of the five.

d. Storage and processing devices, access interface and protocols that

applet.

2- Organizational and Administrative challenges: which include

a. Insufficient institutional commitment.

b. Lack of preservation policies and procedure.

c. Security of human and financial resources.

d. Inadequate record keeping and administrative media data.

e. Evolving nature of copyright and fair use regulations that apply to i

electronic information resources.

Tiwari Purushontham (2008), stated that challenges of electronic

information resources preservation includes;

21
 1- Fragile storage media: information resources are vulnerable to loss and

destruction because they are store in fragile magnetic and optical media

that deteriorate rapidly and that can fail suddenly from exposure of heat,

humidity air bone, contaminants, partly reading and writing device

human errors and even storage.

2- Legal question surrounding copyright and access, libraries, archives and

other cultural institutions have limited and uncertain right to copy digital

reformat information electronically so that, it remains accessible by

current technology and to provide public access.

However, librarians that preserve electronic information resources should

have digital preservation skills. A constant need to improve Information

Technology (IT) staff skills for them to keep up with the technological

obsolescence is needed (Moloi and Mutula, 2007). Kanyengo (2006), stated that

technical knowledge on electronic preservation is basically mission among staff

in preserving these resource, on the same point, Emmanuel and Sife (2008) and

Lafuma (2004) stressed that most of librarians in developing countries apart

from having low ICT skills also lack skills in digital preservation. In addition,

Lefuma (2004) available in the field as well as other professionals who are

within the wider parameters of Library Science.

22
 Asongwe and Ezema (2012) indicated that in third world countries there

are very few places where one can obtain formal specialized training in

preservation of electronic information resources. They went on and pointed out

that lacking technical expertise is a major issue in many African countries.

There is a limited of information professionals who are with ICTs qualification

work in information centres, on a similar vien Asongwe and Ezema (2012)

added that most of the African information professional who walk in libraries

lack expertise to train others in management of electronic information

resources. Furthermore, Emmanuel and Sife (2008), in their study reported that

some of the information centres have manage to recruit staff and train them but

at the end they have fail to keep them. This indicates that necessary approaches

should be imposed in term of recruiting and training librarian for sustainable

management of IT services in libraries that preserve electronic information

resources.

Lefuma (2004) indicated that preservation policies give information

centres the right approaches needed to initiate ways which vital for the

protection of electronic information. Despite the fact that these policies are used

in giving strategies directions in preservations of electronic information

resources, Ogbebor (2011) in his paper reported that most African countries

have got no policies on preservation of information both paper and e-forms in

23
accord with Ogbebor above, Satish and Umesh (2005) stated that most of

African information centres that preserve electronic information resources have

got week policies while some do lack. In his investigation on preservation and

conservation policies, Olatukun (2008), indicated that most African nations do

not have national information policies, the lack of policies means that in the

event of technological obsolescence, libraries would not position to react with

the urgency that is need.

24
References

Aina, L.O. (2008), Access to Scientific and Technological Information in

Nigeria Problems and Prospective 19(1-3): 35-41.
Asongwa, B. and Ezema, C. (2012), The Challenges of Preservation Archives
and Records in the Electronic Age. http://unlib.uni-edu/LPP/PNLA%2-
Quartely/asongwa-ezema76-3html (Accessed 4th November, 2017).
Cornell University Library (2003), Moving Theory into Practice: Digital Image
www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/tutorial/content.hmtl (Accessed 1st
November, 2017).
Emmanuel, F. and Sife. J. (2008), Challenges of Managing Information and
Communication Technologies for Education: Experiences for Sakoine
National Agricultural Library; International Journal of Education
Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 4(4),
137-142.
http://www.google.co.za/url?=f8rct=preservation%20electronic%20resou
rces%20africa&source=web
Fedehan, O. (2009), Preservation and Conservation of Newspaper in Nigeria
University Libraries. Paper Presented at Workshop on National
Documentary Heritage, Abuja, March 24, 2017.
Gbage, E.S. (2011), Digital Preservation Strategies: A Case Study of Nigerian
National Information Centres, International Federation of Library
Association and Institute 37(3) 218-226.
http://www.ifla.org/filesassets/ng/publication/ifla-journal-37(3)2011.pdf
(Accessed 30th November, 2017).
Hartley, L. (2003), Electronic Information Usage in Academic Research
Institutions: Information Development, SAGE Publication, Vol. 22, No.1.
Hawthene, A. (2000), Access to Electronic Information Resources and
Network: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Right, American
Library Association, 50E Haron Chicago.
Howe, A. (2009), Electronic Theory: Analysis Model Journal of Information
Science. http://www.asel/journal.inf.sci.edu.net (Accessed 4 November,
2017).

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Kanyego, C.W. (2006), Management Digital Information Resources in Africa:
Preserving the Integrity of Scholarship. Bridging the North-south Devine
in Scholarly Communication in Africa.
http://www.ascleiden.nl/pdf/elecpublconfkanyengo.pdf (Accessed 30th
October, 2017).
Las Vegas Libraries (2008), Information Retrieval System.
th
http://www.infor%20.co.za/url?=rct (Accessed 8 November, 2017).
Lefuma, S. (2004), An Investigation into the Management of Electronic Record
in the Public Sector in Lesotho.
http://researchspace.ukzn.aeza/jspuibistream/10413/1957/1/sejanelefuma
2004.pdf (Accessed 4th November, 2017).
Lynch, C. (2000), From Automation to Transformation: Forty years of library
and Information Technology in Higher Education.
Madu, C. (2004), Technology for Information Management and Services.
Ibadan, Evil Coleman.
Moloi, J. and Mutula, S. (2007), E-records Management in an e-government
setting in Botswana. Information Development 23(4).
http://idv.sagepub.com/content/23/4/290 (Accessed 4th November,
2017).
Ngoepe, M. and Vanderwatt, T. (2009), Strategies for the Preservation of
Electronic Records in South Africa: Implication on Access to Information
Innovation, 38, 1-25.
Nwage, L. (2007), Availability and Accessibility of Information Resources and
the Use of Library Services. Michael Okpara University.
Nwagwugwu, C. (2001), Preservation of Library Materials; Fundamental of
Library and Information Services. Ed. Akwa NEPAJ.
Ogbebor, O. (2011), Challenges of Digital Preservation in Africa.
http://asorome.blogspot.com/2011/12/challenges-of-digitalpresentation-
in-html#2011/12 (Accessed 8th November, 2017).
Ojo, Igbinoba, (2003), An Assessment of the Level of IT Investments,
Electronic Information Resources, Usage and Information Literacy Skill
of Users.

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Okoye, M.O. and Uguwuanyi, C.F. (2012), Management of Electronic
Resources by Cataloguers in Nigerian University Libraries. LIBRES
Library and Information Science Research. Electronic Journal 18(2)
http://libres.curtin.edu.au/ (Accessed 30th October, 2017).
Olatokun, M.W. (2008), A Survey of Preservation and Conservation Practices
and Techniques in Nigerian University Libraries. LIBRES Library and
Information Science Research Electronic Journal 16(2)
th
http://libres.courtin.edu.au/ (Accessed 8 November, 2017).
Purashathan, T. (2008), Digital Library: APH Publishing Co-operation. New
Delhi, pp.188-189.
Satish, M.V. and Umesh, M. (2005), Challenges of Digital Preservation in
Digital Libraries. 3rd Convention PLANNER 10-11 November.
http://inflibnet.ae.in/bistreamhandle/1994/1356/7pdf? Sequence
th
(Accessed 4 November, 2017).

27
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter discussed the method adopted for carrying out the research

it explained the research type, population of the study, procedure for research

instrument, procedure for data analysis.

3.2 Research Type

This provides a framework to determine the type of information to be

collected and the sources of data collection procedure the research type was the

survey type.

According to Adesina (2000), survey research is one of in which group of

people or items considered to be representing the entire group. When

conducting survey research, the research collected aided description of existing

phenomena with the intent of using the data to justify current condition and

practices and make better plans for improvement.

3.3 Population of the Study

The target population of the study comprises the entire staff of Yobe state

University Library.

28
3.4 Research Instrument

The main instruments used in this study were researcher questionnaire

and personal observation. The questionnaire comprised two sections. Section A

consisted of the respondents personal information while Section B contained

electronic information resources indicators.

3.5 Sample and Sample Technique

In this sample method, the researcher purposely targets the entire staff of

Yobe State University Library Preserving Electronic Information Resources.

3.6 Data Collection Procedure

The questionnaire was administered personally on the entire library staff.

The mode of the collection of the questionnaire was the same as with the

distribution. The researcher also personally observed the electronic resources

available in the library for the purpose of ascertaining the authenticity of the

information that the respondents supplied through the question.

3.7 Procedure for Data Analysis

Descriptive analysis was used to discuss the findings in relation to

research question and objectives of the study. After the research data collected,

data was edited to ensure adherence of the data collection protocol and avoid

29
actions that would lead to missing and questionable data. The data was

converted to a form analysis. The research developed a code book that

explained that each question was and values represent and each value assigned

to it. Both Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and manual

data analysis was used to manage, analyzed and display the data, tables, graphs,

and charts and percentages. The analysis and interpretation of data was done

addressing the purpose of the study.

30
References

Adesina, O.O. (2000). Care and Restoration of Library Material. In Academic

Libraries.
Sunday, A.O. (2008). Fundamental of Research Business, Abuja: Soak Consult.

31